Chen Xianzhang

AliasesCBDB

• 公甫 字
• 文恭 未詳
• 文恭 諡號
• 江門 尊號
• 活孟子 别名、曾用名
• 白沙先生 室名、別號
• 石翁 未詳
• 石齋 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• 書法家
• 落第士人
• [為官者：文]
• 畫家
• 拒絕出仕
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Chen Xianzhang lived from 1428 to 1500 and is identified as a Ming thinker and Confucian scholar, as well as a calligrapher and painter.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The person record gives the English name, the years 1428 and 1500, the Ming dynasty, and the statuses of calligrapher, painter, and thinker.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographical entries give the 1428–1500 lifespan, describe him as a true Confucian, and state that he was skilled in calligraphy and painting.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The authority entry identifies him as a Ming thinker and gives a birth year of 1428 and a death year of 1500.
   • WikidataChen Baisha (Q698543)The English description calls him a Chinese Confucianist scholar of 1428–1500, while the Traditional Chinese description places him among Ming Cheng-Zhu scholars.
2. [2] Courtesy name, sobriquets, and place He bore the courtesy name Gongfu, used Shizhai and later Shiweng as sobriquets, came from Baisha village in Xinhui, and was known as Baisha Xiansheng and Living Mencius.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The record lists Gongfu, Baisha Xiansheng, Shiweng, and Shizhai among his names and gives Xinhui as his native place.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The profile and biography give Gongfu, Shizhai, Shiweng, Baisha Xiansheng, Baisha village, and the appellation Living Mencius.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The name list includes Chen Gongfu, Chen Shizhai, and Baisha Xiansheng.
   • WikidataChen Baisha (Q698543)The English and Traditional Chinese name lists record Chen Baisha, Gongfu, Shiweng, Shizhai, Baisha Xiansheng, and Living Mencius.
3. [3] Additional names Additional sobriquets include Chen Baisha, Biyu Laoren, Jiangmen Yufu, and Nanhai Qiaofu.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The authority name list includes Chen Baisha, Biyu Laoren, Jiangmen Yufu, and Nanhai Qiaofu.
   • WikidataChen Baisha (Q698543)The name list also contains the Chen Baisha appellation.
4. [4] Examinations In 1447 Chen Xianzhang became a juren, twice failed at the Ministry of Rites, and then abandoned the examination route.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The examination entry identifies him as a recommended provincial-degree candidate, while the status list records failure in the examination path.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographies state that he twice went to the Ministry of Rites without passing, became a juren in 1447, and later abandoned the examinations.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary gives 1447 as the juren year and says that he subsequently failed twice at the Ministry of Rites.
5. [5] Study with Wu Yubi He studied Neo-Confucianism with Wu Yubi in Jiangxi for six months, returned home, and then pursued reading and quiet sitting in seclusion.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The relationship entries identify Wu Yubi as his teacher and give Wu Yubi’s years as 1391–1469.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biography states that he studied Neo-Confucianism with Wu Yubi for half a year, then built Yangchun Terrace, read, meditated, and stayed indoors for several years.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary places his study with Wu Yubi in Jiangxi and gives Wu’s dates as 1391–1469.
6. [6] Imperial Academy After reaching the capital and entering the Imperial Academy, he was regarded by libationer Xing Rang as the return of a true Confucian.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biography records his entry into the Imperial Academy and Xing Rang’s astonishment that a true Confucian had reappeared.
7. [7] Hanlin appointment In 1483 he received a recommended appointment as a Hanlin Academy jian-tao and requested leave to care for his parents.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The appointment entries record recommendation as the route by which the Hanlin post was obtained.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographies support the 1483 Hanlin appointment and his request to return home for parental care, with one wording explicitly describing the appointment as recommended.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary dates the Hanlin Academy appointment to 1483 and states that he requested leave to care for his parents.
8. [8] Withdrawal from office After returning home, repeated recommendations did not persuade him to resume office.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The status list records his refusal to enter or resume official service.
   • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biography explicitly says that after returning home he repeatedly declined recommendations.
9. [9] Friendships His recorded friends included Luo Lun, Zhou Ying, Wu Yun, Zhuang Chang, and Zhang Yuanzhen.
   • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The relationship entries identify Luo Lun, Zhou Ying, Wu Yun, Zhuang Chang, and Zhang Yuanzhen as friends.
10. [10] Intellectual transition and Lingnan school He moved from the Cheng-Zhu tradition toward learning based on nature, which the summary presents as transcending Cheng-Zhu thought and founding the Lingnan school.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary describes his early adherence to the Cheng-Zhu school, his turn toward learning based on nature, his transcendence of Cheng-Zhu thought, and the founding of the Lingnan school.
    • WikidataChen Baisha (Q698543)The Traditional Chinese description confirms his association with Ming Cheng-Zhu Confucian scholarship.
11. [11] Baisha school and Ming learning of the mind He lectured in his native place, founded the Baisha school, and was regarded as an early forerunner of Ming learning of the mind.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biography says that he lectured in his native place, founded the Baisha school, and opened the way for Ming learning of the mind.
12. [12] Quiet-sitting method His teaching centered on stillness, upright sitting, clearing the mind, and reaching still realization and self-attainment.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographies describe stillness as central, prescribe upright sitting and a clear mind, and identify quiet realization and self-attainment as the aim of cultivation.
13. [13] Disciples His disciples included Zhan Ruoshui, Lin Jixi, Ye Hong, Li Chengqi, Zou Zhi, and Liang Chu.
    • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The relationship entries identify Li Chengqi, Zhan Ruoshui, Zou Zhi, and Liang Chu as disciples or students.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary names Zhan Ruoshui, Lin Jixi, and Ye Hong as his prominent disciples.
14. [14] Calligraphy and painting He was skilled in calligraphy and painting, substituted bundled thatch for brushes, developed a distinctive maobi style, painted ink plums, and used thatch brushes in late calligraphy.
    • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The status list identifies him as both a calligrapher and a painter.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographies describe his calligraphy and painting, the use of bundled thatch as a brush, the maobi-zi style, ink-plum paintings, and the late use of thatch brushes.
15. [15] Poetic reception Assessments of his poetry differed, praising its tonal resonance and plain five-character verse while criticizing some seven-character regulated verse, or valuing its freedom from formal conventions and natural phrasing.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The collected poetry criticism includes praise for tonal resonance, praise of the plain five-character poems with Tao Yuanming’s flavor, criticism of some seven-character regulated verse, and praise for freedom from formal conventions and natural language.
16. [16] Works His works include 《白沙詩教解》 and 《白沙集》, alongside 《白沙語要》, the two-juan 《白沙先生語錄》, and a nine-juan 《白沙子全集》 with an appendix.
    • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The works list contains 《白沙語要》, 《白沙集》, the nine-juan 《白沙子全集》 with an appendix, and the two-juan 《白沙先生語錄》.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The biographical entries name 《白沙詩教解》 and 《白沙集》 and discuss the transmission of the collected works.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary names 《白沙詩教解》 and 《白沙集》 as his works.
17. [17] Textual transmission The poetry survives in six-juan, nine-juan, and twenty-one-juan editions, with 29 poems outside the collection and another 59 assembled from other books.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)The poetry bibliography lists the Kangxi 49 six-juan edition, the Wanli 9 nine-juan edition, the Wanli 1 twenty-one-juan edition, and the two groups of 29 and 59 additional poems.
18. [18] Posthumous honors and variant date He was enshrined in the Confucian Temple and posthumously titled Wengong during the Wanli reign; the date is variously given as early Wanli or Wanli 13 (1585).
    • CBDBChen Xianzhang (29570)The name record identifies Wengong as a posthumous title.
    • Souyun陳獻章 (50364)One biography dates his temple enshrinement and posthumous title to the early Wanli period.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The summary gives Wanli 13, or 1585, for his temple enshrinement and posthumous title.
19. [19] Later honorific A later honorific for Chen Xianzhang was First Great Confucian of Guangdong.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陳獻章 (A007523)The authority name list includes the honorific First Great Confucian of Guangdong.