Zhang Shi

TimelineCBDB

1. 1169 右承務郎
2. 1169 直秘閣
3. 1169 知某州軍州事
4. 1172 知某州軍州事
5. 1174 知某府軍府事
6. 1174 經略安撫使
7. 1178 直寶謨閣
8. 1178 知某府軍府事
9. 1178 秘閣修撰
10. 1178 轉運使

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 南軒 室名、別號
• 南軒先生 室名、別號
• 宣 諡號
• 敬夫 字
• 欽夫 字

StatusCBDB

• 理學家
• [為官者：文]
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Zhang Shi was born in 1133 and died in 1180. The sources identify him as a Southern Song scholar, thinker, educator, and official; one English description gives 1181 as the death year, while the structured date value gives 1180.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The basic values give his name, dates, Song affiliation, and the classifications Neo-Confucian scholar and thinker; his offices and teaching history support the descriptions educator and official.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographical entry gives 1133–1180 and identifies him as a Southern Song thinker and educator associated with the Huxiang school.
   • WikidataZhang Shi (Q708644)The English label identifies Zhang Shi, and the English description calls him a Song scholar and government official important to Neo-Confucianism. That description says 1181, whereas the structured dates are 1133 and 1180.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority record gives the name Zhang Shi and identifies the dynasty as Southern Song.
2. [2] Names and styles His courtesy names were Jingfu and Qinfu, Lezhai is also given as a courtesy name, and Nanxuan, Nanxuan xiansheng, and Sūzhāi appear among his styles or aliases.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The alternate-name values include Nanxuan, Nanxuan xiansheng, Jingfu, and Qinfu, with Jingfu and Qinfu classified as courtesy names.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographical entries give Jingfu, Qinfu, Lezhai, and Nanxuan and note variations in his names.
   • WikidataZhang Shi (Q708644)The alias collection and structured values include Jingfu, Qinfu, Nanxuan, and Nanxuan xiansheng.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority record lists Zhang Jingfu, Nanxuan xiansheng, Lezhai, Zhang Qinfu, and Sūzhāi.
3. [3] Posthumous name Zhang Shi received the posthumous name Xuan.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The alternate-name value Xuan is classified as a posthumous name.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographical entries state that he was posthumously named Xuan and add the Jiading-era award.
   • WikidataZhang Shi (Q708644)The structured posthumous-name value is Xuan.
4. [4] Place and residence Zhang Shi was associated with Mianzhu, Hengyang, and Changsha: the accounts describe Mianzhu ancestry, later residence in Hengyang, and residence in Changsha.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The address values give Hengyang as the basic affiliation and Mianzhu as another ancestral affiliation.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies describe him as from Han Prefecture Mianzhu, later resident in Hengyang, and, in another account, of Mianzhu ancestry and resident in Changsha.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The birthplace value is Mianzhu.
5. [5] Family Zhang Shi was the son of Zhang Jun and the son-in-law of Yuwen Shishen.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The kinship values identify Zhang Jun as father and Yuwen Shishen as father-in-law.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographical entries identify him as Zhang Jun’s son.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note identifies him as Zhang Jun’s son.
6. [6] Relatives The kinship values identify his only son, son-in-law, nephews, grandson, and later-line descendants.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The kinship values list Zhang Zhuo as only son, Hu Dashi as son-in-law, Zhang Zhongshu and Zhang Xun as nephews, Zhang Qia as grandson, and Zhang Tang and Zhang Dang as later-line descendants.
7. [7] Teacher and friends Zhang Shi studied under Hu Hong, took the ancient sages as his ideal, and maintained friendships with Zhu Xi, Lü Zuqian, and Yang Wanli.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies describe his study with Hu Hong, his ideal of the ancient sages, and his friendships with Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note says that he studied under Hu Hong.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The association values classify Zhu Xi, Lü Zuqian, and Yang Wanli as friends.
8. [8] Entry into office The fuller biographies describe entry through hereditary privilege as Chengwulang; a separate broad entry lists a jinshi qualification without a rank.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The entry values list broad jinshi and hereditary-privilege categories, with no specific examination rank.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies describe his entry through yin privilege and name the rank Chengwulang.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note says that he entered through yin privilege as Chengwulang.
9. [9] Service under Zhang Jun He served in Zhang Jun’s pacification headquarters as a military-document writer and held Zhibi ge; the date is disputed between 1162 and the first year of Longxing, and he presented military affairs to Xiaozong.
   • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies give the pacification-headquarters appointment, military-document post, conflicting dates, military memorials, and Xiaozong’s close relationship with him.
   • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office values include Zhibi ge.
10. [10] Dismissal and teaching In 1164 Tang Situi advocated peace and Zhang Shi was dismissed with his father; after mourning he taught at Chengnan and Yuelu and later headed Yuelu Academy.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The chronology gives the 1164 dismissal with his father and his subsequent lectures at Chengnan and Yuelu, including the early-Qiandao Yuelu appointment.
11. [11] Yanzhou appointment The appointment chronology has two versions: recommendation by Liu Gong for Yanzhou in 1167, or an earlier governorship of Fuzhou followed by Yanzhou.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)One biography gives Fuzhou followed by Yanzhou in 1167, while another gives Liu Gong’s recommendation for Yanzhou.
12. [12] Ministry of Personnel In 1168 Zhang Shi held the Ministry of Personnel post, provisional Qiju and Shili appointments, then became an expositor, Left Secretary, and later Vice Minister of Personnel.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies list the Ministry of Personnel, Qiju, Shili, expositor, Left Secretary, and later Vice Minister appointments.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note confirms the Left Secretary and Vice Minister of Personnel offices.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office values include the Left Secretary post.
13. [13] Political views His memorials advocated virtue, orderly government, worthy appointments, care for the people, and military preparation for advance and withdrawal.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biography summarizes his memorials and the policies of cultivating virtue, employing the worthy, caring for the people, and training commanders.
14. [14] Yuanzhou and teaching After governing Yuanzhou, Zhang Shi left office, lived at home, and taught; the dates 1169 and 1172–1173 are both represented.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies give the Yuanzhou appointment, withdrawal after an incident, years at home, and teaching, with the chronology placing it around 1169.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office value dates the Yuanzhou posting to 1172–1173, providing the alternative chronology.
15. [15] Other offices The office values also list the Muzhou governorship and a range of civil, military, educational, transport, and pacification offices.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office values list Jinghu North Pacification Commissioner, Chengwulang, You Chengwulang, Assistant Instructor in Guangnan West, Qingche duwei, Military Judge in Qinzhou, Muzhou with its 1169–1170 dates, Transport Commissioner, Jingnan Pacification Commissioner, and Deputy Transport Commissioner.
16. [16] Jingjiang and Guangnan In 1174 Zhang Shi governed Jingjiang and supervised the Guangnan West Circuit Pacification and Military Commission; his administration was praised and he received several promotions.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies give the 1174 Jingjiang appointment, Guangnan West Circuit commission, good administration, local approval, and the Chengshilang, Zhibaowen ge, and Mige xiuzhuan promotions.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office values include the Guangnan West Circuit commission, Transport Commissioner, Zhibaowen ge, Mige xiuzhuan, and Jingjiang governorship.
17. [17] Jiangling appointment In 1178 Zhang Shi became deputy transport commissioner, then governor of Jiangling and Pacification Commissioner of Jinghu North, where he won the commanders’ goodwill.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies give the 1178 deputy transport appointment, Jiangling governorship, Jinghu North pacification office, and his courteous treatment of commanders.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The office values include Jinghu North Pacification Commissioner, Jiangling governor from 1178 to 1180, and Deputy Transport Commissioner.
18. [18] Retirement and death After seeking retirement, he was placed in charge of the Chongyou Abbey; he died in 1180 at forty-eight, received the posthumous name Xuan in the Jiading era, and was enshrined during Chunyou.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies give the retirement appointment, death in the seventh Chunxi year at forty-eight, the Jiading posthumous award, and Chunyou enshrinement.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The basic date is 1180, the posthumous name is Xuan, and the office list includes Youwendian xiuzhuan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The death value falls in 1180.
    • WikidataZhang Shi (Q708644)The structured values confirm the posthumous name Xuan and death in 1180.
19. [19] School and legacy Zhang Shi was a leading Huxiang scholar, one of the Three Worthies of the Southeast with Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian, and a master of the learning of the Way with Zhu Xi.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographies identify him with the Huxiang school, name the Three Worthies of the Southeast, and call him a master of the learning of the Way with Zhu Xi.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The classification lists him as a Neo-Confucian scholar, while the associations list Zhu Xi and Lü Zuqian as friends.
    • WikidataZhang Shi (Q708644)The English description places him in the development of Neo-Confucianism, and the subject value identifies the relevant scholarly field.
20. [20] Character and thought He was described as clear and open in character, emphasized the distinction between righteousness and profit, and was called Master Nanxuan.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biography describes his transparent character and emphasis on the distinction between righteousness and profit.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note describes his clear character, strict distinction between righteousness and profit, and the title Master Nanxuan.
21. [21] Classical works His classical works include the Yijing, Analects, and Mencius studies, with variant titles and surviving ten- and seven-juan versions.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The works values list Nanxuan Yishuo, Nanxuan Lunyu jie, Nanxuan Mengzi shuo, and a seven-juan Mengzi work.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The bibliographic entries list Yishuo, Lunyu jie, Mengzi shuo or Mengzi xiangshuo, and specify ten- and seven-juan surviving versions.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note lists Nanxuan Yishuo, Guiyi Lunyu jie, and Guiyi Mengzi shuo.
22. [22] Variant titles The records preserve variant forms of the Gui-si and Gui-yi titles and also list Yichuan cuiyan.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The works values include Gui-si Lunyu jie.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note includes Gui-yi Lunyu jie, Gui-yi Mengzi shuo, and Yichuan cuiyan, producing the recorded title variation.
23. [23] Collected writings His collected writings are known under three related titles, and the forty-four-juan collection contains seven juan of poetry.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The works values include Zhang Nanxuan xiansheng wenji.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The bibliographic entries give Nanxuan xiansheng wenji and specify forty-four juan, including seven juan of poetry.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database張栻 (A042765)The authority note lists Nanxuan ji among his works.
24. [24] Historical works He also wrote the one-juan biography of Zhuge Liang under variant titles, as well as two-juan and four-juan historical works.
    • CBDBZhang Shi (7164)The works values list the variant Zhuge biography title, Jing shi jinian in two juan, and Tongjian lundu in four juan.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The bibliographic entry gives Han chengxiang Zhuge Zhongwuhou zhuan in one juan.
25. [25] Yellow Crane Tower essay The Yellow Crane Tower essay discusses the tower’s name and is associated with the account that Jianghan Pavilion was built during the Shaoxing era.
    • Souyun張栻 (25690)The biographical entry records the Yellow Crane Tower essay, its explanation that the tower was named after the mountain, and the account of Jianghan Pavilion’s construction.