Xiong Mingyu

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He passed the Jiangxi provincial examination in 1600 and took the jinshi degree in 1601, ranking 139th in the third class of the xinchou examination.[3] In 1605 he became magistrate of Changxing in Zhejiang, and in 1615 he was promoted to supervising secretary of the Ministry of War, impeaching many officials and memorialising on the abuses of the day in the strongest terms.[4] In 1616 the supervising secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Qi Shijiao, suspecting him of ties to the Donglin faction, memorialised against him and proposed that he be posted to the provinces; he then served as assistant surveillance commissioner in Fujian and as counsellor in Ningxia.[5]

In 1621 he advanced from vice minister of the Seals Office to vice minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud, and was soon promoted to right assistant censor-in-chief at Nanjing, where he took charge of river defence.[6] In 1625 he was dismissed by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and, implicated in the Wang Wenyuan case, banished to Pingxi guard in Guizhou; one account states that he was denounced as a Donglin partisan and stripped of office and sent to the frontier.[7]

In 1628, the first year of the Chongzhen reign, he was restored to office as right vice minister of War, rising to left vice minister the next year and then to minister of Justice at Nanjing; in 1631 he became minister of War.[8] The following year, when Qing forces broke through the passes and the grand coordinator Shen Qi and the eunuch Wang Kun negotiated with them without authority, the impeachment brought by the supervising secretary Sun Sanjie led the Chongzhen emperor to remove him from office, and he soon retired with the title of minister of War.[9] After long years in retirement he was again recommended for office and appointed minister of War at Nanjing and then minister of Works; he later returned home through illness and, after the fall of the Ming, lived in retirement without taking office.[10] He had a son, Xiong Renlin (1614–1666), also recorded as Xiong Lin.[11]

Literary associations

He wrote prefaces for works by Xu Shipu, Huang Ruheng, Fu Guan and Xu Xie, and biographies of Liu Lin, Xiong Ruda and Xiong Lian;[12] he composed the epitaph of Wu Zhijia, the tomb inscription of Xiong Rui, the funerary account of Zeng Ruzhao and a temple stele record for Xie Xuelong.[13] With Xie Xuelong, Cheng Jiming, Xiao Shiwei, Gao Hongtu and Pan Zengong he exchanged poems and other writings, and he corresponded with Sun Chengzong and Gao Panlong.[14] He also wrote a colophon for a work by Diego de Pantoja.[15]

Western learning and writings

During the Wanli era he had already come into contact with the Jesuits Diego de Pantoja (1571–1618), Manuel Dias (1574–1659) and Bi Fangji (畢方濟), and was in touch with Xu Guangqi; his knowledge of Western science was considerable.[16] While serving in Fujian he displayed this learning to Fang Kongzhao and his son Fang Yizhi, and he joined the Fangs in climbing Mount Tailao for wide-ranging discussions of Western learning; he is counted among the representative figures in the transmission of Western learning eastward in the late Ming and early Qing.[17] His Gezhi cao (格致草) and Zecao (則草) were important works introducing Western learning; the Zecao, printed in the last years of the Wanli era, was the first work on Western learning completed and published by a Chinese scholar.[18]

He was also a skilled poet and writer, and enjoyed considerable fame in his time.[19] His works include Nanshu ji (南樞集), Qingyu ji (青玉集), Gezhi cao (格致草), Lüyun lou ji (綠雲樓集) and Luojie chaji (羅岕茶記), as well as Wenzhi xingshu (文直行書) in 30 juan; Nanshu ji is also written Zhongshu ji (中樞集), Lüyun lou ji also appears as Lüxue lou ji (綠雪樓集) and Lüxue lou gao (綠雪樓稿), and Luojie chaji also as 羅界茶記.[20] In 1778, the forty-third year of the Qianlong reign, Wenzhi xingshu and Lüxue lou ji were placed on the list of books to be banned and destroyed.[21]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1615 兵科給事中 萬曆
  2. 1617 僉事 萬曆
  3. 1621 太僕寺少卿 天啟
  4. 1622 右僉都御史 天啟
  5. 1628 兵部右侍郎 崇禎
  6. 1628 兵部尚書 崇禎
  7. 1629 兵部左侍郎 崇禎
  8. 1629 刑部尚書 崇禎
  9. 1631 兵部尚書 崇禎
  10. 1621 尚寶司少卿 天啟

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
兵科給事中16151617萬曆
僉事16171620萬曆福建布政司
太僕寺少卿16211622天啟
尚寶司少卿1621天啟
右僉都御史16221625天啟南京
兵部右侍郎16281629崇禎
兵部尚書1628崇禎
兵部左侍郎1629崇禎
刑部尚書16291631崇禎南京
兵部尚書16311632崇禎
Year unknown19
OfficeEraPosting
僉事Era unknown福建布政司
兵科給事中Era unknown京師
兵部右侍郎崇禎京師
兵部尚書崇禎南京
兵部尚書Era unknown南京
兵部尚書Era unknown南京
兵部尚書Era unknown南京
兵部尚書崇禎南京
刑部尚書崇禎南京
參議Era unknown寧夏衛
右僉都御史天啟南京
右都御史天啟Unknown
太僕寺少卿天啟京師
太僕寺少卿天啟Unknown
工部尚書崇禎南京
工部尚書崇禎南京工部
操江都御史Era unknown南京
知縣萬曆長興
縣知縣萬曆長興

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
子熊人霖1614–1666
子熊霖–

AliasesCBDB

  • 壇石 室名、別號
  • 壇石山主人 别名、曾用名
  • 子良 字
  • 良孺 字

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
魏忠賢被魏忠賢彈劾–
徐世溥為徐世溥所著書作序–
黃汝亨為黃汝亨所著書作序–
傅冠為傅冠所著書作序–
許獬為許獬所著書作序–
吳之甲為吳之甲作墓誌銘–
劉麟為劉麟作傳–
熊汝達為熊汝達作傳–
熊鍊為熊鍊作傳–
解學龍為解學龍作廟碑記–
潘曾紘為潘曾紘作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
解學龍向解學龍致賀–
熊瑞為熊瑞作墓表–
曾汝召為曾汝召作行狀–
孫承宗被致書由孫承宗–
高攀龍收到高攀龍的答書–
解學龍贈詩、文–
成基命贈詩、文–
蕭士瑋為蕭士瑋之建築物題詠、記、命名–
高弘圖為高弘圖之建築物題詠、記、命名–
解學龍稱道解學龍之政績–
解學龍稱道解學龍之政績–
龐廸我為龐廸我之書題詞–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
文直行書:三十卷
羅界茶記一卷撰著者
綠雲樓集撰著者
中樞集撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates and styles Xiong Mingyu (1579–1649) was a Ming dynasty official and scholar, styled Liangru and also Ziliang, with the sobriquet Tanshi shan zhuren.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records his name as Xiong Mingyu and his dynasty as Ming.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)Records his name, his birth year of 1579 and death year of 1649, his period (late Ming to early Qing), and gives a biographical account.
    • WikidataXiong Mingyu (Q45678483)Gives his name in Chinese as 熊明遇 and in English as Xiong Mingyu.
  2. [2] Native place He was a native of Jinxian in Nanchang, Jiangxi, of Beishan, a place now belonging to Donghu village, Jingkou township, Nanchang county.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records Jinxian as his place of origin and place of registration.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)Names him a native of Jinxian, Nanchang, Jiangxi, of Beishan, now part of Donghu village, Jingkou township, Nanchang county.
  3. [3] Provincial and metropolitan examinations He passed the Jiangxi provincial examination in 1600 and took the jinshi degree in 1601, ranked 139th in the third class of the xinchou examination.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)Records that he was a juren of the Jiangxi provincial examination of 1600 and took the jinshi degree in 1601, ranking 139th in the third class of the xinchou examination.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records his examination entry as jinshi.
    • WikidataXiong Mingyu (Q45678483)Records an academic degree, its value being the item for the jinshi degree.
  4. [4] Changxing and the War Bureau In 1605 he became magistrate of Changxing in Zhejiang, and in 1615 he was promoted to supervising secretary of the Ministry of War, where he impeached many officials and memorialised on abuses of the day in the strongest terms.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)Records that in 1605 he became magistrate of Changxing in Zhejiang, and in 1615 was promoted to supervising secretary in the Ministry of War, impeaching many and memorialising on abuses in severe terms.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Holds the offices of magistrate of Changxing and, from 1615, supervising secretary of the Ministry of War.
  5. [5] Impeachment and provincial posts In 1616 the supervising secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Qi Shijiao, suspecting him of Donglin ties, memorialised against him and proposed that he be posted to the provinces; he then served in Fujian and Ningxia.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that in 1616 the supervising secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Qi Shijiao, suspecting him of connections with the Donglin faction, memorialised against him and suggested he be transferred; he then served as assistant surveillance commissioner in Fujian and counsellor in Ningxia.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records posts as assistant surveillance commissioner in Fujian and counsellor in Ningxia.
  6. [6] Tianqi promotions In 1621 he advanced from the Seals Office to the Court of the Imperial Stud, and was soon promoted to right assistant censor-in-chief at Nanjing with charge of river defence.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that in 1621 he moved from assistant minister of the Seals Office to assistant minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud and was soon promoted to right assistant censor-in-chief at Nanjing, in charge of river defence.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records service as vice minister of the Seals Office, vice minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud, right assistant censor-in-chief at Nanjing and censor-in-chief in charge of river defence.
  7. [7] Dismissal and banishment In 1625 he was dismissed by the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and banished to Guizhou; another account has him denounced as a Donglin partisan and sent to the frontier.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that in 1625 he was dismissed by Wei Zhongxian, implicated in the Wang Wenyuan case and banished to Pingxi guard in Guizhou; elsewhere it records that he was accused of being a Donglin partisan, removed from office and sent to the frontier.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records that he was impeached by Wei Zhongxian.
  8. [8] Chongzhen appointments Restored to office in 1628 as right vice minister of War, he rose to left vice minister, moved to Nanjing as minister of Justice, and became minister of War in 1631.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that in 1628 he was restored as right vice minister of War, advanced to left vice minister the next year, moved to minister of Justice at Nanjing, and became minister of War in 1631.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records the posts of right vice minister of War (1628), left vice minister of War (1629), minister of Justice at Nanjing and minister of War (1631).
  9. [9] Removal from office The next year, after Shen Qi and Wang Kun negotiated with Qing forces without authority, the impeachment by Sun Sanjie led the emperor to remove him from office, and he soon retired with the title of minister of War.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that the following year, when Qing forces raided into the passes, the grand coordinator Shen Qi and the eunuch Wang Kun negotiated with the Qing without authority; the impeachment by the supervising secretary Sun Sanjie led Emperor Sizong to remove him from office, and he soon retired with the title of minister of War.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)His tenure as minister of War ended in 1632.
  10. [10] Later years After long retirement he was recommended again for minister of War at Nanjing and then minister of Works; he returned home through illness and lived in retirement after the fall of the Ming.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that after many years of retirement he was again recommended, appointed minister of War at Nanjing and then minister of Works, returned home through illness, and lived in retirement after the fall of the Ming.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records posts as minister of War at Nanjing and minister of Works.
  11. [11] Son He had a son, Xiong Renlin (1614–1666), also recorded as Xiong Lin.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records a son, Xiong Renlin, born in 1614 and died in 1666, and another son named Xiong Lin.
  12. [12] Prefaces and biographies He wrote prefaces for works by Xu Shipu, Huang Ruheng, Fu Guan and Xu Xie, and biographies of Liu Lin, Xiong Ruda and Xiong Lian.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records that he wrote prefaces for books by Xu Shipu, Huang Ruheng, Fu Guan and Xu Xie, and biographies of Liu Lin, Xiong Ruda and Xiong Lian.
  13. [13] Epitaphs and records He composed the epitaph of Wu Zhijia, the tomb inscription of Xiong Rui, the funerary account of Zeng Ruzhao and a temple stele record for Xie Xuelong.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records that he wrote the epitaph of Wu Zhijia, the tomb inscription of Xiong Rui, the funerary account of Zeng Ruzhao and a temple stele record for Xie Xuelong.
  14. [14] Literary exchanges He exchanged poems and writings with Xie Xuelong, Cheng Jiming, Xiao Shiwei, Gao Hongtu and Pan Zengong, and corresponded with Sun Chengzong and Gao Panlong.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records exchanges of poems and writings with Xie Xuelong and Cheng Jiming, inscriptions for buildings of Xiao Shiwei and Gao Hongtu, a farewell piece for Pan Zengong, and letters received from Sun Chengzong and Gao Panlong.
  15. [15] Colophon for Pantoja He also wrote a colophon for a work by Diego de Pantoja (龐廸我).
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records that he wrote a colophon for a book by Diego de Pantoja (龐廸我).
  16. [16] Jesuit contacts During the Wanli era he was in contact with the Jesuits Diego de Pantoja, Manuel Dias and Bi Fangji, was in touch with Xu Guangqi, and had considerable knowledge of Western science.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that he had already come into contact with the Jesuits Diego de Pantoja, Manuel Dias and Bi Fangji during the Wanli era and was in touch with Xu Guangqi, with a fairly deep knowledge of Western science.
  17. [17] Teaching the Fangs While in Fujian he displayed his Western learning to Fang Kongzhao and Fang Yizhi, discussed it with them on Mount Tailao, and is counted among representatives of the eastward transmission of Western learning.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that while serving in Fujian he displayed his Western learning before Fang Kongzhao and Fang Yizhi, climbed Mount Tailao with the father and son in wide-ranging discussion of Western learning, and may be called a representative figure of the eastward transmission of Western learning in the late Ming and early Qing.
  18. [18] Gezhi cao and Zecao His Gezhi cao and Zecao were important works introducing Western learning, the Zecao being the first such work completed and published by a Chinese scholar.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that his Gezhi cao and Zecao were two important works introducing Western learning, and that the Zecao, printed in the last years of the Wanli era, was the first work on Western learning completed and published by a Chinese scholar.
  19. [19] Reputation as a writer He was skilled in poetry and prose and enjoyed considerable fame in his own time.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that he was skilled in poetry and prose and enjoyed considerable fame at the time.
  20. [20] Works His works include Nanshu ji, Qingyu ji, Gezhi cao, Lüyun lou ji and Luojie chaji, as well as Wenzhi xingshu in thirty juan, with several titles also circulating in variant forms.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)Lists his works as Nanshu ji, Qingyu ji, Gezhi cao, Lüyun lou ji and Luojie chaji; the 御選明詩姓名爵里 record gives Lüxue lou gao, and Lüxue lou ji also appears in the account.
    • CBDBXiong Mingyu (64213)Records works titled 羅界茶記一卷, 綠雲樓集 and 中樞集, and a work 文直行書 in thirty juan.
  21. [21] Prohibited books In 1778, the forty-third year of the Qianlong reign, Wenzhi xingshu and Lüxue lou ji were placed on the list of books to be banned and destroyed.
    • Souyun熊明遇 (49182)States that in 1778, the forty-third year of the Qianlong reign, Wenzhi xingshu and Lüxue lou ji were placed on the list of books to be banned and destroyed.