Wu Kuan

TimelineCBDB

1. 1472 翰林院修撰 成化
2. 1484 右春坊右諭德 成化
3. 1487 左春坊左庶子 成化
4. 1487 會試考試官 成化
5. 1487 翰林院侍讀學士 成化
6. 1488 經筵官 弘治
7. 1491 翰林院侍講學士 弘治
8. 1491 詹事府少詹事 弘治
9. 1493 吏部右侍郎 弘治
10. 1493 殿試讀卷官 弘治
11. 1496 吏部右侍郎 弘治
12. 1498 吏部左侍郎 弘治
13. 1502 會試考試官 弘治
14. 1503 禮部尚書 弘治
15. 1504 太子少保 弘治
16. 1503 副總裁 弘治
17. 1487 東宮講讀官 成化

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 二 行第
• 匏庵 室名、別號
• 匏翁 未詳
• 匏菴 室名、別號
• 匏菴先生 未詳
• 原博 字
• 文定 諡號
• 瓠庵 未詳

StatusCBDB

• 詩人
• 工於文
• [為官者：文]
• 博學之人
• 畫家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Life dates and identity Wu Kuan lived from 1435 to 1504 and was a Ming-dynasty poet, prose writer, and calligrapher.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The biographical fields give Wu Kuan's name, dates, Ming affiliation, status as a poet, and literary accomplishment.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries date him to 1435–1504, identify him as a Ming figure, and describe his poetry, prose, and calligraphy.
   • WikidataWu Kuan (Q10918773)The item identifies him as Wu Kuan, describes him as a poet and calligrapher, and supplies the 1435 and 1504 dates.
2. [2] Courtesy, sobriquets, and posthumous name Wu Kuan's courtesy name was Yuanbo; he was also called Paoan and Paoweng, and his posthumous name was Wending.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The name fields classify Yuanbo as the courtesy name, list Paoan as a sobriquet, and preserve Paoweng and Wending among the associated names.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries explicitly give Yuanbo as his courtesy name, Paoan as his sobriquet, and Wending as his posthumous name.
   • WikidataWu Kuan (Q10918773)The English aliases include Paoan, Paoweng, Yuanbo, and Wending.
3. [3] Native place Wu Kuan was a native of Changzhou in Suzhou Prefecture, now Suzhou in Jiangsu, while Yuanhe is also listed as a basic native place.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The native-place fields list both Changzhou and Yuanhe, so the alternative is retained in the article.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries identify him as a man of Changzhou in Suzhou Prefecture and give present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu, as the location.
4. [4] Early learning As a shengyuan, Wu Kuan was already well known and read major classical histories and the works of leading Tang and Song writers.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The examination and status fields confirm his shengyuan standing and describe him as learned.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entry says that he was already renowned as a shengyuan and had read the Zuo Commentary, the Records of the Grand Historian, the Book of Han, and the major Tang and Song writers.
5. [5] Examination frustrations He became a shengyuan at twelve, spent about two decades hindered by the examinations, and at one point abandoned the pursuit of office.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The examination fields confirm his shengyuan status; the age and prolonged examination difficulties are supplied by the biographical narrative.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The narrative states that he became a xiucai at twelve, struggled in the examination field for twenty years, and once gave up plans for office.
6. [6] Examination success At Chen Shixian's urging he placed third in 1468; in 1472 he came first in both examinations, became zhuangyuan, and entered the Hanlin Academy.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The examination field gives first place in the first degree, while the appointment field gives the 1472 Hanlin xiuzhuan post.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries describe the 1468 third-place result and the 1472 first-place metropolitan and palace examinations followed by appointment as xiuzhuan.
7. [7] Eastern Palace and Hanlin advancement He lectured in the Eastern Palace, became you yude and zuo shuzi, helped compile the Veritable Records of Emperor Xianzong, and rose to shao zhanshi with a reader-in-waiting title.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The appointment fields list the Eastern Palace lecturer, you yude, zuo shuzi, shao zhanshi, and Hanlin reader-in-waiting posts.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries explain his Eastern Palace service, promotion after completing the term, move to zuo shuzi, work on the Veritable Records of Emperor Xianzong, and promotion to shao zhanshi with a reader-in-waiting title.
8. [8] Additional court appointments His other appointments included Hanlin lecturer-in-waiting, classics-lectures official, metropolitan-examination examiner, palace-examination reader, and deputy chief editor.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The appointment list includes Hanlin lecturer-in-waiting, classics-lectures official, two metropolitan-examination examiner appointments, palace-examination reader, and two deputy chief-editor entries.
9. [9] Personnel Ministry and East Pavilion In 1495 he became Right Vice Minister of Personnel, took mourning leave for his stepmother, returned after the mourning period, became Left Vice Minister, headed the Directorate of the Heir Apparent, and oversaw edicts in the East Pavilion.
   • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The appointment fields give two periods as Right Vice Minister of Personnel followed by the Left Vice Minister post.
   • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries describe mourning for his stepmother, the reserved post, his return and transfer, his charge of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent, and his work in the East Pavilion on edicts.
10. [10] Minister of Rites and honors He became Minister of Rites in 1503, was repeatedly retained when he sought retirement, died in office in 1504, and was posthumously granted the title Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent and the name Wending.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The appointment and biographical fields give the 1503 Ministry of Rites appointment, death in 1504, and posthumous name Wending.
    • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries state that he became Minister of Rites in 1503, was repeatedly kept from retirement, died in office the next year, and received the posthumous title Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent and the name Wending.
11. [11] Imperial tutorship Wu Kuan served as imperial tutor to the Hongzhi and Zhengde emperors.
    • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The profile includes the imperial-tutor identity, while the biographical narrative specifies the Hongzhi and Zhengde emperors.
12. [12] Family background His great-grandfather was 吳福四, his grandfather 吳壽宗, and his father is given as 吳融 or 吳孟融; his mother was 張氏 and 居氏 and 王氏 were stepmothers.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The kinship fields list the great-grandfather 吳福四, grandfather 吳壽宗, father forms 吳融 and 吳孟融, mother 張氏, and the two stepmothers 居氏 and 王氏.
13. [13] Immediate family His immediate family included an elder brother, a younger brother, a wife, two sons, and a nephew.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The kinship fields list the elder brother 吳原本, younger brother 吳宣, wife 陳氏, sons 吳奭 and 吳奐, and nephew 吳弈.
14. [14] Friendships and succession 王汶 was his friend, 李傑 a fellow examination cohort, and Wen Zhengming his student and successor in scholarly vocation.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The association fields identify 王汶 as a friend, 李傑 as a fellow examination cohort, and Wen Zhengming as a student who carried on his vocation.
15. [15] Prose forms and literary exchange Wu Kuan wrote prefaces for works by 李東陽, 謝鐸, and others, as well as epitaphs, sacrificial texts, biographies, spirit-way inscriptions, tomb tables, formal biographies, calligraphy and painting postscripts, and poetry and prose prefaces.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The association fields show prefaces for works by 李東陽 and 謝鐸 and list epitaphs, biographies, sacrificial texts, spirit-way inscriptions, tomb tables, formal biographies, calligraphy and painting postscripts, and poetry and prose prefaces.
16. [16] Learning and calligraphy Wu Kuan was deeply learned, a leading court-academy writer, a follower of Su Shi in learning, and a calligrapher who adopted Su Shi's model while remaining independent.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The status fields describe him as learned.
    • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The literary assessment calls his learning well grounded, places him among the leading court-academy writers, and says that he followed Su Shi and developed an independent calligraphic achievement.
    • WikidataWu Kuan (Q10918773)The Chinese description identifies him as a poet and calligrapher.
17. [17] Poetry, prose, and character His poetry was rich and weighty, his prose strict in form, and his style distinctive; he was upright, skilled in calligraphy, and also a painter.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The status fields identify him as a poet, a writer of accomplishment, and a painter.
    • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical and critical entries describe his rich, deep, and weighty poetry, strict prose form, distinctive poetic style, upright conduct, and calligraphy.
    • WikidataWu Kuan (Q10918773)The Chinese description confirms his identity as a poet and calligrapher.
18. [18] Collected works and variant titles His collected writings appear under three related titles, with the extent given as either seventy-seven or seventy-eight juan.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The works field lists 《匏菴集》 as a seventy-eight-juan collection.
    • Souyun吳寬 (43783)The biographical entries use the titles 《匏庵集》, 《匏菴家蔵集》, and 《匏翁家藏集》, and give the last as seventy-seven juan.
19. [19] Other work Another work attributed to Wu Kuan is 《湯媼傳》 in one juan.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The works fields identify 《湯媼傳》 as a one-juan work for which he is the author.
20. [20] Inscriptions and records His prose also included genealogical and temple inscriptions, academy records, architectural inscriptions and encomia, and shrine records.
    • CBDBWu Kuan (33465)The association fields list genealogical inscriptions, temple inscriptions, academy records, architectural encomia and records, and shrine records.