Liu Daxia

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His father is named as Liu Renzhai (劉仁宅) or Liu Rongzhai (劉容宅); his great-grandfather was Liu Bihong, his grandfather Liu Xingjian, and his mother Yan.[3]

His elder brother was Liu Dazhong, his younger brothers were Liu Daqi and Liu Dachuang, and his two recorded wives were Lü and Fu.[4]

In 1459, he came first in the Huguang provincial examination and became its jieyuan; in 1464 he passed the jinshi examination, ranking twenty-first in the third class, and was selected as a shujishi.[5]

At the academy examination early in the Chenghua era, he could have remained in the Hanlin Academy but asked to transfer to a ministry post. He was appointed to the Ministry of War's Office of Military Geography and promoted to langzhong in the Chariot and Cavalry Office; an official chronology places his service as bingbu langzhong in 1476–1483.[6]

In 1483 he became right assistant administration commissioner in Fujian and was credited with administrative achievements. He later served as right administration commissioner in Guangdong, dated to 1490–1492 in one chronology and to 1489 in another, then as left administration commissioner in Zhejiang from 1492 to 1493; in the following year he was promoted to vice censor-in-chief.[7]

In October 1490, the native official Cen Meng of Tianzhou and Sicheng in Guangxi rebelled, and Liu Daxia went to suppress the rising.[8]

In 1493 he was assigned to deal with the breach at Zhangqiu and was also placed in charge of the river conservancy. In 1495 he became a vice minister of the Ministry of Revenue, concurrently serving as left assistant censor and managing the military provisions of Xuanfu; the office chronology also gives the title left vice censor.[9]

After retiring because of illness in 1498, he built a thatched hall below Dongshan and read there, becoming known as Dongshan Xiansheng.[10]

Recalled two years later as right censor-in-chief, he supervised military affairs in the two Guang regions. In 1502 he became Minister of War, submitted several memorials on state affairs, and won the confidence of the Hongzhi emperor; the office chronology instead places the beginning of his ministerial tenure in 1501 and its continuation through 1506.[11]

After the Zhengde emperor succeeded to the throne, Liu Daxia was unable to prevail against the powerful favorites at court. In March 1506 he memorialized for retirement; he received the additional title Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent—also given in the office chronology as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent—and was allowed to return home.[12]

In September 1508, because of the Cen Meng affair and his opposition to Liu Jin, he was arrested and confined in the Northern Pacification Office prison. Liu Jin sought his execution, but the intervention of Tu Yong and Li Dongyang changed the sentence to military exile at Sùzhou, in present-day Jiuquan, Gansu.[13]

Another account says that Wu Hong argued forcefully on his behalf and secured his release.[14]

At Sùzhou, local officials, afraid of Liu Jin, would not provide him with food or lodging, and only three students supported him. He was pardoned and returned in the summer of 1510; after Liu Jin's execution he was restored to office and soon retired.[15]

He died on 30 May 1516. He was posthumously made Grand Guardian, received the posthumous name Zhongxuan, and was buried on a hillside in Huagang village, Shengfeng township, Huarong.[16]

Writings and associations

Liu Daxia was a poet. His works include the Dongshan Poetry Collection and the Collected Works of Liu Zhongxuan; the title Dongshan Collection is also found.[17]

His poetry was not composed as an exercise in elaborate craftsmanship: his occasional poems were grounded in events and true in feeling, with a notably vigorous language. Poems such as “Admonishing and Consoling Tianzhou,” “Crossing Liupan Mountain,” and “Shown to Nephews at the Place of Exile” address the Tianzhou campaign, exile at Liupan Mountain, and his longing to return from banishment.[18]

Jiang Bao and Chen Wenzhu wrote prefaces to his books, while He Mengchun, Cui Xian, and Li Tang wrote postscripts. Shao Bao, Wang Shizhen, and Sun Yi wrote biographies of him; Lin Jun, Zhang Bangqi, He Mengchun, Shao Bao, and Gu Lin wrote commemorative essays.[19]

At parting, Li Dongyang, Ni Yue, Wang Ao, Li Mengyang, and Zhan Ruoshui presented him with farewell poems or prefaces.[20]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1464 庶吉士 天順
  2. 1476 兵部郎中 成化
  3. 1483 右參政 成化
  4. 1490 右布政使 弘治
  5. 1492 左布政使 弘治
  6. 1493 都察院右副都御史 弘治
  7. 1495 戶部右侍郎 弘治
  8. 1495 戶部左侍郎 弘治
  9. 1495 都察院左副都御史 弘治
  10. 1500 都察院右都御史 弘治
  11. 1501 兵部尚書 弘治
  12. 1506 太子少保 正德
  13. 1516 太保 正德

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
庶吉士1464天順
兵部郎中14761483成化
右參政14831490成化福建布政司
右布政使14901492弘治廣東布政司
左布政使14921493弘治浙江布政司
都察院右副都御史14931495弘治
戶部右侍郎1495弘治
戶部左侍郎14951498弘治
都察院左副都御史1495弘治
都察院右都御史15001501弘治
兵部尚書15011506弘治
太子少保15061508正德
太保1516正德
Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
右參政Era unknownUnknown
總理河道弘治Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖劉必弘–
祖父劉行簡–
父劉仁宅–
父劉容宅–
母嚴氏(劉大夏母)–
兄劉大中–
弟劉大奇–
弟劉大樁–
妻子呂氏(劉大夏妻)–
第二任妻傅氏(劉大夏繼妻)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 十一 行第
  • 忠宣 諡號
  • 時雍 字
  • 東山 室名、別號
  • 東山先生 未詳
  • 東山先生 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 以疾廢

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
吳洪得到吳洪的支持–
姜寶書序由姜寶所作–
陳文燭書序由陳文燭所作–
何孟春書跋由何孟春所作–
崔銑書跋由崔銑所作–
李堂書跋由李堂所作–
邵寶傳記作者為邵寶–
王世貞傳記作者為王世貞–
孫宜傳記作者為孫宜–
林俊祭文由林俊所作–
張邦奇祭文由張邦奇所作–
何孟春祭文由何孟春所作–
邵寶祭文由邵寶所作–
顧璘祭文由顧璘所作–
李東陽臨別得到李東陽所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
倪岳臨別得到倪岳所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
王鏊臨別得到王鏊所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
王鏊臨別得到王鏊所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
李夢陽臨別得到李夢陽所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
湛若水臨別得到湛若水所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
劉世節年譜由劉世節所作–
林俊神道碑由林俊所作–
倪岳畫贊(畫像記)由倪岳所作–
劉大夏畫贊(畫像記)由劉大夏所作–
馬中錫畫贊(畫像記)由馬中錫所作–
劉大夏為劉大夏作畫贊(畫像記)–
蔡清被致書由蔡清–
李東陽被致書由李東陽–
李東陽被致書由李東陽–
李東陽被致書由李東陽–
李東陽被致書由李東陽–
李東陽被致書由李東陽–
陳獻章被致書由陳獻章–
何孟春被致書由何孟春–
何孟春被致書由何孟春–
方良永被致書由方良永–
方良永被致書由方良永–
林光被致書由林光–
林光被致書由林光–
林光被致書由林光–
林光被致書由林光–
儲巏被致書由儲巏–
程敏政收到程敏政的答書–
謝鐸收到謝鐸的答書–
李東陽建築物得到李東陽的題詠、記、命名–
李東陽詩文序由李東陽所作–
王鏊政績為王鏊所稱道–
儲方慶被儲方慶奏論–
蘇乾論政–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第三甲第二十一名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates and identity The records identify Liu Daxia as a Ming figure, give 1436 and 1516 as his life years, and the profile supplies 25 December and 30 May as the precise dates.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The basic entry gives the name Liu Daxia, the years 1436 and 1516, and the Ming affiliation.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The profile supplies the name, birth year 1436, birth date 12/25, death year 1516, death date 5/30, and Ming dynasty.
    • WikidataLiu Daxia (Q10897266)The item describes him as a Ming dynasty politician and supplies the 1436 and 1516 date values.
  2. [2] Names and home The records give Shiyong as his courtesy name, Dongshan and Dongshan Jushi as his assumed names, Dongshan Xiansheng as another form, and Huarong in Huguang as his home.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The name fields give Shiyong, Dongshan, and Dongshan Xiansheng, and the address fields give Huarong.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The profile gives Shiyong, Dongshan, Dongshan Jushi, and Dongshan Xiansheng, and locates his home in Huarong county, now in Hunan.
    • WikidataLiu Daxia (Q10897266)The name list gives Dongshan, Dongshan Xiansheng, and Shiyong as English aliases.
  3. [3] Parents and grandparents The paternal name appears in two forms: Liu Renzhai and Liu Rongzhai; the great-grandfather, grandfather, and mother are also identified.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The kinship entries identify Liu Bihong as great-grandfather, Liu Xingjian as grandfather, Liu Renzhai and Liu Rongzhai as the two recorded paternal names, and Yan as mother.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographical entry calls Liu Daxia the son of Liu Renzhai.
  4. [4] Siblings and wives The kinship entries identify his elder brother, two younger brothers, and two wives.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The kinship entries identify Liu Dazhong as elder brother, Liu Daqi and Liu Dachuang as younger brothers, and Lü and Fu as wife and second wife.
  5. [5] Examinations He was first in the Huguang provincial examination in 1459, passed the jinshi examination in 1464, ranked twenty-first in the third class, and was selected as a shujishi.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The examination entry gives a third-class, twenty-first-place jinshi result, while the office entry dates the shujishi appointment to 1464.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies identify him as a Tian shun jia shen jinshi and shujishi and specify that he was the first-ranked Huguang provincial candidate in 1459.
  6. [6] Early service After the early Chenghua academy examination, he requested a ministry transfer and held the offices of zhifang si zhushi, chariot-and-cavalry langzhong, and bingbu langzhong, the last dated 1476–1483.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office entry gives the Ministry of War langzhong post and dates it from Chenghua 12 to 19, or 1476–1483.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe his request to leave Hanlin, appointment as zhifang si zhushi, promotion in the Chariot and Cavalry Office, and earlier ministry posts.
  7. [7] Provincial appointments He served in Fujian, Guangdong, and Zhejiang, with a discrepancy between 1489 and 1490 for the beginning of his Guangdong appointment, and became a vice censor-in-chief in 1493.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office entries date the Fujian, Guangdong, and Zhejiang appointments to 1483–1490, 1490–1492, and 1492–1493, followed by the vice censor-in-chief appointment in 1493.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographical entry credits him with achievements in Fujian from 1483 and dates his Guangdong service to 1489.
  8. [8] Cen Meng campaign In October 1490, Cen Meng, a native official of Tianzhou and Sicheng in Guangxi, rebelled, and Liu Daxia went to suppress the rising.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographical entry states that Cen Meng rebelled in October 1490 and that Liu Daxia went to put down the rebellion.
  9. [9] River administration and Revenue Ministry He dealt with the Zhangqiu breach, was placed in charge of river conservancy, became a vice minister of Revenue in 1495, managed Xuanfu provisions, and appears under both assistant-censor titles.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office entries give the 1493 vice-censor and river-conservancy assignments and the 1495 Revenue Ministry posts, including the 1495–1498 left vice-ministerial service.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe his work on the Zhangqiu breach, promotion to Revenue vice minister, concurrent left assistant-censor appointment, and supervision of Xuanfu provisions.
  10. [10] Dongshan retreat After illness forced his return in 1498, he built a thatched hall below Dongshan, read there, and became known as Dongshan Xiansheng.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office chronology ends the Revenue vice-ministerial service in 1498 and the name entries include Dongshan Xiansheng.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographical entry describes illness-related retirement in Hongzhi 11, building the hall below Dongshan, reading there, and receiving the name Dongshan Xiansheng.
  11. [11] Return to office and Minister of War He returned as right censor-in-chief around 1500, supervised the two Guang regions, became Minister of War in 1502 according to the biography, and was trusted by the Hongzhi emperor; the office chronology begins the ministry in 1501 and continues it through 1506.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office entries date the right censor-in-chief appointment from 1500 and the Minister of War service from 1501 through 1506.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe his recall as right censor-in-chief, command of the two Guang military affairs, appointment as Minister of War in 1502, memorials on state affairs, and the Hongzhi emperor's trust.
  12. [12] Retirement and honorary title After the Zhengde succession he opposed the powerful favorites, sought retirement in March 1506, was given a crown-prince guardianship title in two forms, and returned home.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The office entry gives the alternative Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent title from 1506 to 1508.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe the powerful favorites after the succession, his unsuccessful opposition and retirement request, the March 1506 memorial, the Grand Guardian title, and his return home.
  13. [13] Arrest and exile In 1508 he was imprisoned over the Cen Meng affair and his opposition to Liu Jin; Tu Yong and Li Dongyang helped change a threatened death sentence to exile at Sùzhou.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe the September 1508 arrest and imprisonment, Liu Jin's intention to execute him, and the intervention that changed the punishment to exile at Sùzhou in present-day Gansu.
  14. [14] Wu Hong account A separate account says that Wu Hong argued forcefully for him and secured his release.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The association entry says that Wu Hong argued when Liu Jin accused Liu Daxia and sought his death, allowing him to escape the charge.
  15. [15] Exile and pardon In Sùzhou officials refused food and lodging while three students supported him; he returned under pardon in 1510, was restored after Liu Jin's death, and soon retired.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies describe the lack of food and lodging, support by three students, the summer 1510 pardon and return, and restoration after Liu Jin's execution followed by retirement.
  16. [16] Death and burial He died on 30 May 1516, received the posthumous title Zhongxuan and the rank of Grand Guardian, and was buried at Huagang in Huarong.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The basic entry gives the death year 1516, lists Zhongxuan among the names, and gives the 1516 Grand Guardian appointment.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The profile supplies 5/30, while the biographies give the 1516 death, Grand Guardian honor, posthumous name, and burial at Huagang village in Huarong.
    • WikidataLiu Daxia (Q10897266)The date value confirms 1516 and the name list includes Zhongxuan.
  17. [17] Works He was a poet and is associated with the Dongshan Poetry Collection, the Collected Works of Liu Zhongxuan, and the Dongshan Collection.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The biographies identify him as a poet and name the Dongshan Poetry Collection, the Collected Works of Liu Zhongxuan, and the Dongshan Collection.
  18. [18] Poetry The poetry commentary describes his occasional poems as event-grounded, emotionally genuine, and vigorous, with poems about the Tianzhou campaign, Liupan Mountain exile, and longing to return.
    • Souyun劉大夏 (42912)The poetry commentary says that he did not write poetry with deliberate effort, but that his occasional poems were grounded in events and true in feeling, and names the cited poems and their subjects.
  19. [19] Literary associates The association entries identify writers of prefaces, postscripts, biographies, and commemorative essays connected with Liu Daxia.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The association entries identify Jiang Bao and Chen Wenzhu as preface writers, He Mengchun, Cui Xian, and Li Tang as postscript writers, Shao Bao, Wang Shizhen, and Sun Yi as biographers, and Lin Jun, Zhang Bangqi, He Mengchun, Shao Bao, and Gu Lin as writers of commemorative essays.
  20. [20] Farewell writings The association entries identify Li Dongyang, Ni Yue, Wang Ao, Li Mengyang, and Zhan Ruoshui as writers of farewell poems or prefaces for him.
    • CBDBLiu Daxia (67777)The association entries identify Li Dongyang, Ni Yue, Wang Ao, Li Mengyang, and Zhan Ruoshui as providing farewell poems or prefaces.