He Jingming

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

At eight he could compose prose, and at fifteen he passed the provincial examination[7]. He was registered as a shengyuan; in Hongzhi 15 (1502) he passed the jinshi examination, ranking in the third class, 173rd place, and received appointment as a zhongshu sheren[8].

At the beginning of Zhengde, while Liu Jin was in power, He Jingming withdrew on grounds of illness; after Liu Jin’s defeat, he was recommended for reappointment to the Secretariat[9]. One account says that He’s memorial denouncing the eunuch Liu Jin led to his dismissal, and that he returned to office in Zhengde 6 (1511)[10]. In Zhengde 12 he was promoted to a Ministry of Personnel vice-director, and in Zhengde 13 he became Shaanxi Deputy Education Commissioner; the former post is also styled Vice-director of the Ministry’s Office of Verification and Sealing[11]. He later submitted a plea to retire because of illness and died after reaching home; one account gives his age as thirty-nine and his death date as 5 August 1521[12].

Family and associations

His father, He Xin, had served as a post-station assistant at Weiyuan. The prefect Li Ji, having heard that He Xin had a gifted son, summoned Jingming to study with his own son[13]. When He Xin retired and returned home, he was very poor; Li Ji sent carriages and horses to see him off outside the city, addressing the father as an “old friend” and Jingming as a “young friend.”[14]

His great-grandfather was He Hai, his grandfather He Jian, his mother was née Li, and his stepmother née Lu; his elder brothers were He Jingshao, He Jingyang, and He Jinghui, and his wife was née Zhang[15]. His second son was He Li. His grandson He Luowen was born in 1536; other descendants included a granddaughter surnamed He, identified as Liu Yongtai’s stepmother, the son of a granddaughter named Liu Yongyu, and the great-grandsons He Yujia, He Yijia, and He Qijia[16].

Literary activity and thought

He was recognized for literary skill and was celebrated alongside Li Mengyang as “He and Li”; contemporaries said that poetry and prose in the realm had to be discussed as “He–Li.”[17] He advocated the maxim that “prose must follow Qin and Han, and poetry must follow the High Tang.”[18] He was also counted with Bian Gong and Xu Zhenqing among the Four Eminent Men, and with Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi, and Wang Tingxiang among the Seven Talents, the group known as the Former Seven[19].

Between the Zhengde and Jiajing reigns, He Jingming and Li Mengyang promoted a revivalist learning modeled on antiquity; it spread throughout the realm and changed literary style[20]. After He and Li became famous, they often disagreed over poetry: some criticism contrasted He’s junyi, or graceful brilliance, with Li’s cuohao, or rugged force, while other criticism said that Li prevailed in qigu and He in fengshen, though the two pursued different paths and each had strengths[21].

Commentators traced He’s poetry back to the Han and Wei and said that it took purity and distance as its interest and junyi as its ideal. His classical verse was described as clear and elegant, his regulated verse as finely wrought, and his seven-character regulated poems as sharing a source with Li Mengyang while flowing in a different direction; another assessment emphasized his reliance on Du Fu[22]. The poems 《種麻篇》, 《搗衣》, and 《詠懷》 were praised as powerful imitations of the Six Dynasties, while 《聽琴》, 《獵圖》, 《送徐少參》, 《津市》, and 《打魚》 were said to capture the manner of Du Fu[23].

His students included Dai Guan and Sun Jifang. He exchanged literary prefaces with Kang Hai, Wang Shizhen, Li Kaixian, and Chen Wenzhu, and exchanged poems with Zheng Zuo[24]. His collected writings also preserve letters addressed to Li Dongyang, Li Mengyang, He Tang, Yang Yiqing, Li Panlong, and Xu Huan[25]. When he was gravely ill, he still insisted that his epitaph be written by Li Mengyang; by then the two had long been estranged after their dispute over poetry[26].

Works

Works associated with him include 《大復集》, 《雍大記》, 《四箴雜言》, 《大復論》, 《學約書程》, and 《何子雜言》[27]. A 38-volume 《何大復先生集》 is also listed; another 38-volume work appears as 《大復巢》, alongside the title 《大復山人集》[28]. 《學約書程》, 《大復論》, and 《何子雜言》 are each listed as one volume[29].

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown5
OfficeEraPosting
中書舍人Era unknownUnknown
中書舍人弘治Unknown
吏部員外郎Era unknownUnknown
吏部驗封司員外郎正德Unknown
提學副使Era unknown陝西布政司

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖何海–
祖父何鑑–
父何信–
母李氏(何景明母)–
兄何景韶–
兄何景暘–
兄何景暉–
妻子張氏(何景明妻)–
次子何立–
孫何洛文1536–
孫女何氏(劉永泰繼母)–
外孫女之子劉永豫–
曾孫; 重孫何裕家–
曾孫; 重孫何奕家–
曾孫; 重孫何起家–
繼母盧氏(何景明前母)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 仲默 未詳
  • 仲默 字
  • 四 行第
  • 大復 未詳
  • 大復 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者：文]
  • [正黃旗]
  • 工於文
  • 並稱/齊名

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
戴冠學生為戴冠–
孫繼芳學生為孫繼芳–
康海書序由康海所作–
王世貞書序由王世貞所作–
李開先書序由李開先所作–
陳文燭書序由陳文燭所作–
孟洋墓誌銘由孟洋所作–
李紀為李紀作墓誌銘–
李紀為李紀作墓誌銘–
鄭作相唱和–
李開先傳記作者為李開先–
喬世寧傳記作者為喬世寧–
段堅為段堅作傳–
李紀為李紀作祭文–
何景韶為何景韶作祭文–
侯宜正為侯宜正作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
康海臨別得到康海所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
姚希孟諡議由姚希孟所作–
汪道昆墓表由汪道昆所作–
汪道昆墓表由汪道昆所作–
樊鵬行狀由樊鵬所作–
何景韶為何景韶作行狀–
李東陽致書李東陽–
李夢陽致書李夢陽–
何瑭致書何瑭–
李攀龍致書李攀龍–
楊一清致書楊一清–
許煥致書許煥–
何孟春被致書由何孟春–
李夢陽被致書由李夢陽–
李夢陽被致書由李夢陽–
李夢陽被致書由李夢陽–
李夢陽被致書由李夢陽–
孟洋被致書由孟洋–
王廷相收到王廷相的答書–
戴冠收到戴冠的答書–
何孟春為何孟春所作詩文作序–
余孟麟詩文序由余孟麟所作–
蔡汝楠其生祠由蔡汝楠作記–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第三甲第一百七十三名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
大復集
何大復先生集:三十八卷
學約書程一卷撰著者
大復論 一卷撰著者
何子雜言 一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates He Jingming was born in 1483 and died in 1521.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The main record gives his birth year as 1483 and death year as 1521.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)Two biographical texts give the life span as 1483–1521.
    • WikidataHe Jingming (Q10886251)The date claims point to birth in 1483 and death in 1521, with both year-level and first-day precision represented.
  2. [2] Literary identity He Jingming was a literary writer of the Ming dynasty.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The record places him in the Ming dynasty and describes him as skilled in literature.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The profile and biography identify him as a Ming writer.
  3. [3] Political identity He Jingming is also described as a political figure of the Ming dynasty.
  4. [4] Specific death date One biographical account gives his death date as 5 August 1521.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)One biographical text specifies 5 August 1521 as the date of death.
  5. [5] Names and birth order His courtesy name was Zhongmo, with the variant form 仲黙; he used Dafu, Baipo, and Dafu Shanren, and his birth-order designation was four.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The name data list Zhongmo, Dafu, and the birth-order entry “four.”
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographical texts provide the forms 仲默 and 仲黙, as well as Dafu, Baipo, and Dafu Shanren.
    • WikidataHe Jingming (Q10886251)The alias and name claims confirm Zhongmo and Dafu.
  6. [6] Hometown He Jingming was from Xinyang in Henan.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The address entries all give Xinyang as his place of origin or household registration.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The profile and biographical texts identify him as a native of Henan Xinyang.
  7. [7] Early ability and examination He could compose prose at eight and passed the provincial examination at fifteen.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biography states that he could write prose at eight and passed the provincial examination at fifteen.
  8. [8] Jinshi degree and first office He was registered as a shengyuan, passed the jinshi examination in Hongzhi 15 (1502), ranked 173rd in the third class, and received appointment as a zhongshu sheren.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The examination and office entries give the shengyuan and jinshi statuses, the third-class ranking, and the Hongzhi appointment as zhongshu sheren.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographies jointly confirm the Hongzhi 15 (1502) jinshi degree and appointment as zhongshu sheren.
  9. [9] Early Zhengde career At the beginning of Zhengde, Liu Jin was in power, He Jingming withdrew on grounds of illness, and after Liu Jin’s defeat he was recommended for reappointment to the Secretariat.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biography relates Liu Jin’s rise, He Jingming’s withdrawal, and his recommendation for reappointment after Liu Jin’s defeat.
  10. [10] Dismissal and restoration One account connects a memorial denouncing Liu Jin with dismissal and restoration in Zhengde 6 (1511).
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)A biographical text connects a memorial denouncing Liu Jin with dismissal and restoration in Zhengde 6 (1511).
  11. [11] Later offices He was promoted in Zhengde 12 and became Shaanxi Deputy Education Commissioner in Zhengde 13; the record also gives the more specific Ministry office title.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The office entries list the Ministry of Personnel vice-director, the Shaanxi post, and the Verification and Sealing office title.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographies describe promotion in Zhengde 12 and transfer to Shaanxi in Zhengde 13.
  12. [12] Death He retired because of illness, died after reaching home, and is elsewhere said to have been thirty-nine.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographies describe his illness-related retirement and death at home, and one gives his age as thirty-nine and the date as 5 August 1521.
  13. [13] Father and early association His father He Xin had served at Weiyuan post station, and Li Ji summoned Jingming to study with his own son.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The kinship entry identifies He Xin as He Jingming’s father.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The family anecdote describes his father as a Weiyuan post-station assistant and Li Ji’s invitation to study with his son.
  14. [14] He Xin and Li Ji After He Xin retired and returned home, he was poor; Li Ji sent a farewell party and called the father an old friend and Jingming a young friend.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The anecdote describes He Xin’s poverty after retirement, Li Ji’s farewell, and the two forms of address.
  15. [15] Family His recorded family includes his great-grandfather, grandfather, mother, stepmother, three elder brothers, and wife.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The kinship entries list He Hai, He Jian, Li, Lu, He Jingshao, He Jingyang, He Jinghui, and Zhang in the stated relationships.
  16. [16] Descendants His descendants include his second son He Li, his grandson He Luowen born in 1536, a granddaughter surnamed He, Liu Yongyu, and three great-grandsons.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The kinship entries list He Li, He Luowen’s 1536 birth year, the granddaughter surnamed He, Liu Yongyu, and the three great-grandsons.
  17. [17] Literary standing He Jingming was recognized for literary skill, was paired with Li Mengyang, and was associated with the phrase “He and Li.”
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The status and association entries identify literary skill, paired distinction, and Li Mengyang.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biography says that He Jingming and Li Mengyang were equally famous and that poetry and prose were spoken of as He and Li.
  18. [18] Poetic and prose maxim He advocated modeling prose on Qin and Han writing and poetry on the High Tang.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biography explicitly gives the maxim about Qin–Han prose and High-Tang poetry.
  19. [19] Former Seven He was grouped with Bian Gong and Xu Zhenqing among the Four Eminent Men, and with Kang Hai, Wang Jiusi, and Wang Tingxiang among the Seven Talents known as the Former Seven.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographies list the Four Eminent Men, the Seven Talents, and the Former Seven grouping.
  20. [20] Revivalist learning He and Li Mengyang promoted a revivalist learning modeled on antiquity, which spread widely and changed literary style.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The literary assessment says that He and Li promoted revivalist learning and that its spread changed literary style.
  21. [21] Poetic disagreement He and Li often disagreed about poetry, and criticism offered contrasting descriptions of their styles and strengths.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The texts describe their repeated disagreement and preserve contrasting assessments of He’s and Li’s poetic qualities.
  22. [22] Poetic style Critics traced his poetry to the Han and Wei, praised its pure and distant interest and its graceful brilliance, and described differences between his classical and regulated verse.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The literary commentary discusses Han–Wei models, the qualities of purity and junyi, classical and regulated verse, the difference from Li Mengyang, and reliance on Du Fu.
  23. [23] Examples of poems Several poems were associated with imitation of the Six Dynasties or with the manner of Du Fu.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The poetry commentary names the poems associated with Six-Dynasty imitation and with the style of Du Fu.
  24. [24] Students and literary contacts His students included Dai Guan and Sun Jifang; he exchanged literary prefaces with several writers and exchanged poems with Zheng Zuo.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The association entries identify Dai Guan and Sun Jifang as students, preface relationships with four writers, and poetic exchange with Zheng Zuo.
  25. [25] Letters His collected writings preserve letters addressed to Li Dongyang, Li Mengyang, He Tang, Yang Yiqing, Li Panlong, and Xu Huan.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The collection associations list letters addressed to the six named correspondents.
  26. [26] Final connection with Li When gravely ill, He Jingming still wanted Li Mengyang to write his epitaph, although the two had long been estranged after their poetic dispute.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The anecdote states that He wanted Li Mengyang to write the epitaph and that they had long been estranged after a dispute over poetry.
  27. [27] Works The works associated with He Jingming include Dafu ji, Yong da ji, Sizhen zayan, Dafu lun, Xueyue shucheng, and Hezi zayan.
    • CBDBHe Jingming (34648)The work list includes Dafu ji, Xueyue shucheng, Dafu lun, and Hezi zayan.
    • Souyun何景明 (42193)The biographies add Yong da ji, Sizhen zayan, and Dafu lun to the work list.
  28. [28] Variant collection titles Other listed titles include a 38-volume He Dafu xiansheng ji, a 38-volume Dafu chao, and Dafu shanren ji.
  29. [29] Work lengths Xueyue shucheng, Dafu lun, and Hezi zayan are each listed as one volume.