Xu Qian

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 文懿 諡號
• 白雲 室名、別號
• 益之 字
• 白雲先生 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• 收徒講學
• 拒絕出仕
• 理學家
• 好學
• 士人
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates The name, dates, dynasty, Jinhua origin, and Neo-Confucian identity are directly supported by the corresponding values.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The values give Xu Qian's name, the years 1270 and 1337, his Yuan identity, Jinhua origin, and classification as a Neo-Confucian scholar.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The profile and biographical text identify him by name, dates, Yuan dynasty, Jinhua, and the status of a Jinhua person of the Yuan.
   • WikidataXu Qian (Q28413029)The English label, description, and two time statements point to the same Yuan-dynasty Xu Qian and preserve the two years.
2. [2] Names and posthumous title Xu Qian's courtesy name was Yizhi; he used Baiyun shanren and Baiyun, was known as Baiyun xiansheng, and received Wenyi posthumously.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The alternate-name values identify Wenyi as the posthumous title, Baiyun as a sobriquet, Yizhi as the courtesy name, and Baiyun xiansheng as a further name.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The profile and two biographical texts give Yizhi, Baiyun shanren, Wenyi, and Baiyun xiansheng.
   • WikidataXu Qian (Q28413029)The name values and statements preserve the three Chinese aliases corresponding to Yizhi, Wenyi, and Baiyun.
3. [3] Early education Orphaned young, Xu Qian devoted himself to learning, studied under Jin Lixiang, and received his teacher's transmission.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The classification marks him as devoted to learning, and the association identifies Jin Lixiang as his teacher.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)Both biographical texts say that he was orphaned young, studied diligently under Jin Lixiang, and received his teacher's transmission.
4. [4] Teaching and refusal of office Xu Qian taught in his native area and did not accept recruitment to office.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The classifications identify teaching disciples and refusal to enter office.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biography says that he taught in his locality and did not respond to recruitment.
5. [5] Repeated refusals The Eastern Zhejiang censorial office summoned Xu Qian, and Liu Tingzhi and Zhao Hongwei repeatedly recommended him, but he declined each proposal.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biographical text names the Eastern Zhejiang office, Liu Tingzhi, and Zhao Hongwei, and says that Xu Qian firmly declined the summons and recommendations.
6. [6] Teaching at Mount Bahua At the beginning of the Yanyou era, Xu Qian lived at Mount Bahua, attracted scholars from afar, and had more than a thousand listed students.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The two texts place him at Mount Bahua in Dongyang, describe scholars traveling far to him, and give more than a thousand listed students.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The classification of teaching disciples supports the account of his mountain school.
7. [7] Teaching principle He tailored instruction to ability, refused to teach examination prose, and expressed the distinction between righteousness and profit.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biography says that he taught according to students' abilities, did not teach examination prose, and explained this choice through the distinction between righteousness and profit.
8. [8] Reputation and seclusion Scholars considered it shameful not to reach his door; people consulted him on ritual and government, those who heard him were convinced, and he stayed within his native community for forty years.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biographies describe the shame of not reaching his door, consultations on ritual and government, the resulting conviction of hearers, and forty years without leaving the community.
9. [9] Friends and disciples Xu Qian's friends included Zhang Shu, Du Ben, and Ye Jinweng; named disciples included Wang Shun, Zhu Zhenheng, Wei Fuyi, Wu Shidao, Su Youlong, Su Boheng, and Hu Han.
   • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The associations identify Zhang Shu, Du Ben, and Ye Jinweng as friends and the seven named men as disciples.
   • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biography says that more than a thousand students were listed.
10. [10] Ancestry and parents The kinship values identify Xu Qian's remote ancestors, grandparents, parents, adoptive parents, and elder brother, while preserving the alternative paternal relationship.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The kinship values list Xu Yanshou, Xu Shi, Xu Jingguo, Xu Yinglong, Xu Rixuan, Xu Gong, Tao, Han, and Xu Jing with their respective relationships.
11. [11] Wife and children Xu Qian's wife was Zhu, daughter of Zhu Tianyu, and his sons were Xu Yuan and Xu Heng.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The kinship values identify Zhu Tianyu as father-in-law, Zhu as wife, and Xu Yuan and Xu Heng as the elder and younger sons.
12. [12] Chronological discrepancy Several values give 1270–1337, while another biography places the death in the third year of the Zhiyuan era and gives the age as sixty-eight.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The basic values give 1270 as the birth year and 1337 as the death year.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The profile and first biography give 1270–1337, while the second biography gives the Zhiyuan-era date and age sixty-eight.
    • WikidataXu Qian (Q28413029)The two time statements preserve 1270 and 1337.
13. [13] Neo-Confucian transmission Xu Qian continued Jin Lixiang's learning, and the biographical tradition places him within a transmission from Zhu Xi through He Ji, Wang Bai, and Jin Lixiang.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The associations identify Jin Lixiang as Xu Qian's teacher and mark Xu as inheriting that school and as a Neo-Confucian scholar.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biography traces the succession through Huang Mianzai, He Ji, Wang Bai, and Jin Lixiang, and presents Xu as carrying on the transmission.
14. [14] Scope of writings The titles show that Xu Qian wrote on the Four Books, classical transmission, Spring and Autumn learning, and poetry.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The titles directly show Four Books, reading and transmission of the Classics, Spring and Autumn, and poetry-related subjects.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biographies list works on reading the Classics, the poetry nomenclature, and the Four Books.
15. [15] Titles and variants The works list preserves the titles, variant titles, and stated juan counts.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The works values list Baiyun ji, Dushu congshuo, Jiajie lun, Riwen zaji, Spring and Autumn titles, Zixing bian, Xu Baiyun xiansheng wenji, Shiji zhuan mingwu chao, and the three Four Books works with juan counts.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biographies add Dushu zhuan congshuo, Shi mingwu chao, Guanshi zhi hu jiwei, the four-juan Four Books work, and the four-juan Baiyun ji.
16. [16] Baiyun ji and the Classics The four-juan Baiyun ji is presented as supporting interpretation of the Classics and moral teaching, rather than as mere literary composition.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biography describes the four-juan Baiyun ji as supporting the meaning of the Classics and moral teaching, and says that judging it only as literary writing is shallow.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The works values preserve Baiyun ji and Xu Baiyun xiansheng wenji.
17. [17] Posthumous honors After Xu Qian's death, he was buried in Jinhua, honored as Baiyun xiansheng, granted Wenyi, and commemorated through the Four Worthies Academy.
    • CBDBXu Qian (10733)The address values identify Jinhua as the burial place, while the alternate names preserve Wenyi and Baiyun xiansheng.
    • Souyun許謙 (40434)The biographies describe the posthumous title, the Baiyun xiansheng name, and the establishment of the Four Worthies Academy for enshrinement.
    • WikidataXu Qian (Q28413029)The posthumous-name statement preserves Wenyi.