Zhang Juzheng

TimelineCBDB

1. 1547 翰林院庶吉士 嘉靖
2. 1549 翰林院編修 嘉靖
3. 1560 右春坊右中允 嘉靖
4. 1560 國子司業 嘉靖
5. 1562 右春坊右諭德 嘉靖
6. 1562 翰林院侍讀學士 嘉靖
7. 1564 講官 嘉靖
8. 1565 承天大誌副總裁官 嘉靖
9. 1566 翰林院侍讀學士 嘉靖
10. 1567 世宗實錄總裁 隆慶
11. 1567 吏部左侍郎 隆慶
12. 1567 東閣大學士 隆慶
13. 1567 武英殿大學士 隆慶
14. 1567 禮部右侍郎 隆慶
15. 1567 禮部尚書 隆慶
16. 1568 太子少保 隆慶
17. 1568 少保 隆慶
18. 1570 吏部尚書 隆慶
19. 1570 太子太傅 隆慶
20. 1570 少傅 隆慶
21. 1570 建極殿大學士 隆慶
22. 1571 掌詹事府事 隆慶
23. 1572 中極殿大學士 隆慶
24. 1572 太子太師 隆慶
25. 1572 少師 隆慶
26. 1572 穆宗實錄總裁 隆慶
27. 1572 顧命大臣 隆慶
28. 1576 大明會典總裁 萬曆
29. 1578 大婚副使 萬曆
30. 1581 太傅 萬曆
31. 1582 太師 萬曆
32. 1622 太師 天啟

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 二 行第
• 元輔 未詳
• 元輔張少師先生 未詳
• 元輔張少師先生 别名、曾用名
• 叔大 字
• 太岳 室名、別號
• 太嶽 室名、別號
• 學農園 未詳
• 張子 未詳
• 張江陵 未詳
• 張白圭 别名、曾用名
• 捧日樓 未詳
• 文忠 諡號
• 時大 字
• 純忠堂 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates The biographical records identify Zhang Juzheng as a Ming political figure who lived from 1525 to 1582, while the English description calls him a Chinese Grand Secretary.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The main record gives the name Zhang Juzheng, birth year 1525, death year 1582, and the Ming dynasty.
   • Souyun張居正 (45538)The profile and biographical text confirm the name, dates, and status as a Ming political figure.
   • WikidataZhang Juzheng (Q197234)The entity is labelled Zhang Juzheng and described as a Chinese Grand Secretary who lived from 1525 to 1582.
2. [2] Courtesy name, hao, and origin Zhang Juzheng's courtesy name was Shuda, his hao was Taiyue, and his home was Jiangling in Huguang, now Jingzhou in Hubei.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The alternate-name fields give Shuda and Taiyue, and the address fields give Jiangling and Jingzhou Guard.
   • Souyun張居正 (45538)The profile gives Shuda and Taiyue as his name forms and places him in Huguang Jiangling, present-day Hubei Jingzhou; the biography also calls him a native of Jiangling.
   • WikidataZhang Juzheng (Q197234)The aliases data includes Shuda and Taiyue.
3. [3] Other names He was known in youth as Zhang Baigui and was also called Zhang Jiangling.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The alternate-name fields include Zhang Jiangling and Zhang Baigui.
   • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography says that his childhood name was Baigui and that contemporaries called him Zhang Jiangling.
   • WikidataZhang Juzheng (Q197234)The aliases data includes Zhang Baigui and Zhang Jiangling.
4. [4] Examination background His examination history includes the status of shengyuan and that of a provincial recommended candidate.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The examination and school entries list a provincial recommended candidate and a shengyuan student.
5. [5] Jinshi degree The biographies place his jinshi success in the twenty-sixth year of the Jiajing reign, corresponding to 1547.
   • Souyun張居正 (45538)All three biographical texts state that he passed the jinshi examination in the twenty-sixth Jiajing year; the third gives 1547.
6. [6] Examination rank His jinshi result was ninth place in the second class.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The jinshi entry gives the rank as second class, ninth place.
7. [7] Early offices After becoming a shujishi, Zhang Juzheng was appointed a Hanlin compiler and later held the listed court and academic offices.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The office entries list shujishi, Hanlin compiler, Right Zhongyun, the Imperial Academy office, Right Instructor, Hanlin Reader, and lecturer.
   • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographical profile and texts describe his appointment as shujishi, his promotion to Right Zhongyun, and his work as a compiler and Imperial Academy administrator.
8. [8] Family background The family entries identify 張文明 as his father, 趙氏 as his mother, 張鎮 as his grandfather, and 張誠 as his great-grandfather.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The kinship entries identify his father, mother, grandfather, and great-grandfather by these names.
9. [9] Siblings and wife The kinship entries list one elder brother, seven younger brothers, and his wife 顧氏.
   • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The kinship entries list the elder brother 張居仁, the seven younger brothers, and 顧氏 as the wife.
10. [10] Children and descendants The kinship entries list five sons, a son-in-law, five grandsons, and a further direct descendant.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The kinship entries list the five sons, son-in-law, five grandsons, and direct descendant named in the paragraph.
11. [11] Entry into the Grand Secretariat In 1567, Zhang Juzheng entered the Grand Secretariat as Vice Minister of Rites and later held major Rites, Personnel, and palace-hall offices.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The office entries list the Rites and Personnel posts and the East, Wuying, Jianji, and Zhongji Grand Secretariat posts.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographies state that he entered the Grand Secretariat in the first year of Longqing as a Vice Minister of Rites and later held these senior offices.
12. [12] Additional offices and honors He held record-compilation, regency, household, editorial, instructional, and honorific positions, including titles associated with the heir apparent.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The office entries list the two Veritable Records chief-compilerships, grand councillor and household duties, the Chengtian and Da Ming Huidian editorial posts, imperial-wedding duty, shujishi instruction, and the senior and heir-apparent honorifics.
13. [13] Chief grand secretary The biography dates his accession to the position of chief grand secretary to the sixth year of Longqing, 1572.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographies state that he eventually became chief grand secretary and specifically date the appointment to Longqing 6, or 1572.
14. [14] Early political relationships Yan Song and Xu Jie valued Zhang Juzheng, who befriended Gao Gong while serving as Right Zhongyun.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography says Yan Song and Xu Jie valued him and that he and Gao Gong were friendly and looked toward ministerial careers.
15. [15] Northern frontier settlement After Xu Jie retired, Zhang Juzheng and Li Fang brought Gao Gong into the Grand Secretariat and settled the Altan title matter, after which the northern frontier was peaceful.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography describes Xu Jie's trust, the entry of Gao Gong arranged by Zhang Juzheng and Li Fang, the Altan title matter, and the resulting peace on the northern frontier.
16. [16] Break with Gao Gong The biography says Zhang Juzheng and Gao Gong became estranged and that Zhang Juzheng worked with Feng Bao to remove Gao Gong and become chief grand secretary.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography describes the later estrangement, the alliance with Feng Bao, Gao Gong's removal, and Zhang Juzheng's accession as chief grand secretary.
17. [17] Examination contemporaries The association entries identify Lu Guangzu and Wang Daokun as Zhang Juzheng's examination contemporaries.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The association entries identify Lu Guangzu and Wang Daokun as same-year friends, with Wang Daokun's note specifying the same Jiajing 26 jinshi cohort.
18. [18] Administration and frontier defense His governing principles and use of Qi Jiguang, Li Chengliang, and Pan Jixun are stated in the biography.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography describes his examination of names and realities, certain rewards and punishments, reliance on Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang for frontier defense, and use of Pan Jixun for river control.
19. [19] Land and tax reforms The biography attributes land surveys, the Single-Whip method, and extensive reforms during his ten years in office to Zhang Juzheng.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography states that he surveyed land, implemented the Single-Whip method, and carried out reforms during ten years in office.
20. [20] Criticism of his rule The biography criticizes his severity, intolerance of remonstrance, and hostility to scholarly lecturing and academies.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography describes severe enforcement, resentment, failure to accept remonstrance, hostility toward lecturing, and the destruction of academies.
21. [21] Duoqing controversy Zhang Juzheng remained in office during his father's mourning through duoqing and was criticized by contemporaries, including Shen Sixiao, Wu Zhongxing, and Zhao Yongxian.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography describes his refusal to leave office during mourning, his retention through duoqing, and the contemporary criticism.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The association entries name Shen Sixiao, Wu Zhongxing, and Zhao Yongxian and describe their memorials concerning Zhang Juzheng's duoqing.
22. [22] Wanli emperor The biography records the Empress Dowager Cisheng's warning during the young Wanli emperor's accession and his later dislike of Zhang Juzheng.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography records the young emperor's accession, Cisheng's warning, and the emperor's later dislike of Zhang Juzheng.
23. [23] Posthumous honors He received the posthumous title Shangzhuguo and the posthumous name Wenzhong.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biography states that he was posthumously granted Shangzhuguo and Wenzhong, and the profile lists Shangzhuguo among his titles.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The alternate-name entry identifies Wenzhong as the posthumous name.
    • WikidataZhang Juzheng (Q197234)The aliases data includes Wenzhong.
24. [24] Posthumous reversal After his death, Zhang Juzheng faced impeachments, loss of offices and titles, confiscation of property, and slander by the eunuch Zhang Cheng during the Wanli reign.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographies describe the posthumous impeachments, successive removal of offices and confiscation of property, and Zhang Cheng's slander and resulting punishment.
25. [25] Tianqi restoration His former offices and reputation were restored in the second year of the Tianqi reign.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographies state that his former offices were restored in the Tianqi period and that his reputation was restored in Tianqi 2.
26. [26] Collected writings The biographical texts name 《張太岳集》 and 《太岳雜著》, while the book titles provide several collection titles and their stated juan counts.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The biographical texts name 《張太岳集》, 《太岳雜著》, and 《太嶽集》.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The book-title entries give the collection names and the stated counts of 64, 46, and 47 juan.
27. [27] Other titles The book-title entries list the additional works named in the paragraph, including the alternative title 尚書直解.
    • CBDBZhang Juzheng (69011)The book-title entries list the Four Books, collected memorials, agricultural notes, imperial mirror, paired title for the Shujing commentary, comprehensive mirror, Xingdu gazetteer, suburban rites study, and the Six Matters memorial.
28. [28] Yellow Crane Tower poem The literary biography dates the retreat and poem to autumn 1554 and connects the poem with his political frustration.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The literary biography describes his illness-related retreat in autumn 1554, passage through Wuchang, view of the Yellow Crane Tower, poem, and expression of later political frustration.
29. [29] Toutuo Temple couplet The literary biography attributes the quoted couplet to Zhang Juzheng's writing for Toutuo Temple.
    • Souyun張居正 (45538)The literary biography says that Zhang Juzheng wrote the couplet for Toutuo Temple and gives the complete Chinese text.