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ExaminationsCBDB
Record
Rank
科舉: 進士(籠統)
WorksCBDB
Title
Role
Year
Era
楊龜山先生全集
二程粹言
編纂者
龜山集
龜山語錄四卷
撰著者
龜山先生語錄四卷後錄二卷附校勘記一卷
撰著者
開成紀事:二卷
撰著者
Citations
[1]Dates and identityYang Shi lived from 1053 to 1135 and is identified as a Song-dynasty political figure, Neo-Confucian thinker, and scholar.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The basic person entry gives Yang Shi, his 1053 birth year, 1135 death year, Song affiliation, and classifications as a Neo-Confucian scholar and thinker.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The three biographical entries identify him as a Song figure and give the years 1053–1135.
WikidataYang Shi (Q4537818)The entity is named Yang Shi; its descriptions identify him as a Song-dynasty political figure and a Chinese historian and scholar of the Song dynasty.
[2]Names, birthplace, and posthumous nameYang Shi used the courtesy name Zhongli and the alternate name Xingke, was known as Guishan or Master Guishan, came from Jiangle, and received the posthumous name Wenjing.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The name and address entries list Zhongli, Xingke, Guishan xiansheng, Wenjing, and Jiangle, identifying the first and fourth as courtesy names, the third as a sobriquet, and Wenjing as the posthumous name.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biographies give the courtesy name Zhongli, the name Guishan or Master Guishan, and Jiangle in Nanjian Prefecture, specifying present-day Fujian.
WikidataYang Shi (Q4537818)The alias collection also contains Zhongli, Wenjing, and Guishan xiansheng.
[3]FamilyThe available kinship entries give two forms of his father’s name and identify his maternal great-grandfather, grandmother, and father-in-law.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The kinship entries list the maternal great-grandfather as 朱D, the father in two forms as 楊D and 楊埴, the father-in-law as 余适, and the grandmother as 朱氏, identified as the mother of 楊埴.
[4]Children and affinal relationsThe kinship entries name six sons and three sons-in-law, with birth order specified for five of the sons.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The kinship entries identify 楊迪 as eldest, 楊迥 as second, 楊矞 and 楊適 as third and fourth, 楊造 as fifth, and also list 楊安止 and the sons-in-law 陳淵, 李郁, and 陸棠.
[5]Examination and teachersYang Shi passed the jinshi examination in the ninth year of Xining, declined his appointment, studied under Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, withdrew from office for ten years, and became associated with the Cheng Men Li Xue anecdote.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The association summary states that he passed in Xining 9, declined the appointment, studied with Cheng Hao, and then studied with Cheng Yi; the examination entry separately lists the jinshi degree.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The three biographies describe the jinshi degree, refusal of the appointment, study under Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and ten years outside official service; one gives 1076 and mentions the Cheng Men Li Xue anecdote.
[6]Local officesAfter entering office at about forty, Yang Shi served in Liuyang, Yuhang, and Xiaoshan and became a Jingzhou professor; Zhang Shunmin recommended him for that post.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biographies describe his entry into office after forty, magistracies in Liuyang, Yuhang, and Xiaoshan, the Jingzhou professorship, and Zhang Shunmin’s recommendation.
[7]Additional officesHis listed offices also include judicial, defense, county, instructional, prefectural, and market-exchange posts.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The title list contains 司法, 防禦推官, 知縣, 縣丞, 教官, 教授, 通判, and 監市易務.
[8]Xuanhe appointmentsDuring Xuanhe, Yang Shi was summoned as Secretary Lang, appointed expositor in the Hall of Literary Brilliance, and transferred to 著作郎.
Souyun楊時 (27995)Two biographies describe the Xuanhe summons as 祕書郎, the subsequent appointment as 邇英殿說書, and the move to 著作郎.
[9]Central officesHis listed central appointments also include a Counsellor in the Menxia Secretariat and a Zhixueshi of the Huiyou Pavilion.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The office entries list 門下省給事中 and 徽猷閣直學士.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The title list likewise contains the posts of 給事中 and 徽猷閣直學士.
[10]Jingkang politicsWhen Bianjing was attacked, Yang Shi argued for strict defenses; in Jingkang 1 he became Right Remonstrance Counsellor, served concurrently as lecturer and director of the Imperial University, opposed peace negotiations, and rejected ceding the three towns.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The three biographies describe the defense argument, the Jingkang 1 appointment as 右諫議大夫兼侍講 and 國子祭酒, opposition to peace, and rejection of ceding the three towns.
[11]Criticism of Cai Jing and Wang AnshiYang Shi denounced Cai Jing for harming the state and people and rejected Wang Anshi’s learning.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biography explicitly says that he denounced Cai Jing for harming the state and people and rejected Wang Anshi’s learning.
[12]Retirement appointmentsThe biographies differ in their fuller account of his post-retirement appointments, listing Chongfu Palace in one account and Huíyóu Pavilion and Songshan Chongfu Palace in another.
Souyun楊時 (27995)One biography lists 提舉崇福宮 after his request for retirement, while another lists 徽猷閣待制 and 提舉嵩山崇福宮.
[13]Gaozong appointmentAfter Gaozong’s accession, Yang Shi became vice minister of works; the accounts differ between concurrent service as lecturer and as reader.
Souyun楊時 (27995)Both biographies give the Gaozong-era appointment as 工部侍郎, with one specifying 兼侍讀 and the other 復兼侍講.
[14]Late retirementAfter repeated requests for an external appointment, Yang Shi served as 龍圖閣直學士 while supervising Dongxiao Palace, with one form specifying Hangzhou, and retired to writing and teaching.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biographies describe the repeated requests for an external appointment, the 龍圖閣直學士 appointment supervising 洞霄宮 or 杭州洞霄宮, retirement, and writing and teaching.
[15]Death and posthumous nameYang Shi died in the fourth month of Shaoxing 5, corresponding to 1135, at age eighty-three and received the posthumous name Wenjing.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The basic chronology gives 1135, the name entry gives Wenjing, and two summaries state that he died in the fourth month of Shaoxing 5.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The three biographies confirm his death in 1135 and the posthumous name Wenjing; one specifies Shaoxing 5, the fourth month, and age eighty-three.
[16]Friends and disciplesYang Shi was a friend of You Zuo and taught Chen Yuan, Lu Tang, Hu Hong, Zhang Jiucheng, and Yu Shu; Luo Congyan also studied under him.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The associations identify You Zuo as a friend and list Luo Congyan, Chen Yuan, Lu Tang, Hu Hong, Zhang Jiucheng, and Yu Shu as disciples or students; the status entry also identifies teaching disciples.
[17]Intellectual position and transmissionYang Shi rejected Wang Anshi’s learning, was later treated as an orthodox transmitter of the Cheng school, and was associated with the view that Zhu Xi’s and Zhang Shi’s learning derived from him.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)Two summaries say that Southeastern scholars regarded him as the Cheng school’s orthodox line and that Zhu Xi’s and Zhang Shi’s learning had its source in him.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biographies state that he rejected Wang Anshi’s learning and that his learning was later regarded as the Cheng school’s orthodox line.
[18]Four and Three MastersYang Shi was grouped with You Zuo, Lü Dalin, and Xie Liangzuo as the Four Masters of the Cheng school, and with Luo Congyan and Li Tong among the Three Masters of Nanjian.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biography explicitly names the members of the Four Masters of the Cheng school and the Three Masters of Nanjian.
[19]Main worksYang Shi’s works include the listed classical and collected writings, while 二程粹言 is identified as a compilation.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The bibliography lists 二程粹言 as a work for which he is identified as compiler and also lists 龜山集.
Souyun楊時 (27995)The biographies list 三經義辨, 論語解, 經說, 語錄, 二程粹言, and 龜山集 among his works.
[20]Additional bibliographyThe bibliography also contains the four-volume 龜山語錄, the expanded 龜山先生語錄, and the two-volume 開成紀事.
CBDBYang Shi (2022)The bibliography lists 龜山語錄 in four volumes, 龜山先生語錄 in four volumes with a two-volume continuation and one volume of collation notes, and 開成紀事 in two volumes.
CBDB
