Bei Qiong

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Gifted in youth, he studied with Huang Cishan of his native district and Yang Lianfu of Kuaiji, and his learning advanced[7]. At forty-eight, he finally obtained a recommendation through the Yuan local examinations[8]. When Zhang Shicheng occupied Wu, he repeatedly declined summons, withdrew to Mount Shu, and taught pupils[9].

Early in the Hongwu reign, he was recruited to work on the History of the Yuan Dynasty[10]. His fellow officials, including Li Minqing, admired his historical talent and literary reputation in the capital; another account dates the recruitment to Hongwu 3 and says that, after the work, he was given gold and silk and sent home[11]. In Hongwu 6, he was appointed assistant instructor at the Imperial Academy on recommendation and, with 張美和 and 聶鉉, was known as one of the “Three Assistant Instructors of Chengjun”; he also examined candidates in Zhejiang and requested to return home[12]. In Hongwu 9 he became assistant instructor at the Central Capital Imperial Academy, where he taught sons of meritorious officials; he retired in Hongwu 11[13]. He had a son, 貝翱[14].

At the historiographical academy, he was friendly with Song Lian of Jinhua, and the two deferred to each other in their writings[15]. Bei Qiong wrote a biography of Yang Weizhen and prefaces for works by Song Lian and others[16].

Literary thought and poetry

Bei Qiong studied poetry under Yang Weizhen. In discussing prose, he argued that effective writing should seek平衍可觀 rather than 嶄絕刻峭, and 豐腴可樂 rather than 荒唐險怪[17]. Although he came from Yang Weizhen’s school, he adopted its strengths without its weaknesses, and his literary principles did not wholly follow Yang’s[18].

His poetry was described as broad, vigorous, and incisive, with an exceptional distinction; it was also judged naturally lofty and graceful within its warmth, able to contend with the leading poets even without combining all their virtues[19]. One assessment compared its openness to Wang Guangyang, its ordered elegance to Liu Ji, its rounded grace to Lin Hong, its clear emptiness to Yuan Kai, its stylistic brilliance to Gao Qi, its lucid purity to Zhang Yu, and its ornate richness to Sun Fen; it hailed him as a leader of his time but also acknowledged that such local praise could be excessive[20]. Another local appraisal placed Qingjiang at the head of the poets of his commandery and ranked his talent no lower than “Gao and Yang.”[21]

Works and literary network

His works include 《清江貝先生文集》, 《清江文集》, 《清江集》, and 《清江詩》; 《清江詩》 is given as ten juan, and 《清江集》 as forty juan[22]. His writings span prefaces, biographies, tomb inscriptions, epitaphs, colophons, farewell prefaces, elegies, commemorative records, studio inscriptions, burial texts, and poems, as well as inscriptions on paintings and colophons on calligraphic works[23]. Named pieces include 《青蘿山房歌》 for Song Lian, 《鐵崖先生傳》 and 《筆議軒記》 associated with Yang Weizhen, and 《題倪雲林畫》 and 《跋趙文敏帖》[24].

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1373 國子助教 洪武
  2. 1376 中都國子助教 洪武

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
國子助教13731376洪武
中都國子助教13761378洪武

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
子貝翱–

AliasesCBDB

  • 仲琚 字
  • 廷琚 字
  • 廷臣 字
  • 貝闕 未詳
  • 闕 别名、曾用名

StatusCBDB

  • 詩人
  • [為官者：文]
  • 史學家
  • 經學家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
真真欣賞/器重–
宋濂為宋濂所著書作序–
楊維禎為楊維禎所著書作序–
吳儀為吳儀所著書作序–
李至剛為李至剛所著書作序–
金弘為金弘所著書作序–
馬琬為馬琬所著書作序–
鄭覺民為鄭覺民所著書作序–
王厚孫為王厚孫作墓誌銘–
任士林為任士林作墓誌銘–
任耜為任耜作墓誌銘1378–
吳恕為吳恕作墓誌銘1378–
周天祐為周天祐作墓誌銘–
孫元蒙為孫元蒙作墓誌銘–
黃許為黃許作墓誌銘–
鄭天覺為鄭天覺作墓誌銘–
周伯琦為周伯琦所著書作跋1378–
朱彝尊傳記作者為朱彝尊–
楊維禎為楊維禎作傳–
楊維禎為楊維禎作傳–
黃國華為黃國華作傳–
張樞為張樞作傳–
過宗一為過宗一作傳–
陶宗儀為陶宗儀之書、畫作跋–
倪瓚為倪瓚之書、畫作跋–
胡存道為胡存道之書、畫作跋–
馬琬為馬琬之書、畫作跋–
張渥為張渥之書、畫作跋–
楊維禎為楊維禎作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
危素為危素作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
危㫃為危㫃作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1378–
石光著為石光著作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1378–
胡奎為胡奎作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1378–
貢師泰為貢師泰作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1378–
黃中玉為黃中玉作哀辭–
孔克表為孔克表作佛寺記–
周宗仁為周宗仁作齋、堂銘–
韓性為韓性作墓表–
戴表元為戴表元作墓表–
徐誠為徐誠作墓表–
張仁近為張仁近作墓表–
鄭覺民為鄭覺民作墓表–
釋尚為釋尚作墓表–
郭士元為郭士元作挽詩、詞–
宋濂贈詩、文–
鄧宇贈詩、文–
楊維禎為楊維禎之建築物題詠、記、命名–
周宗仁為周宗仁之建築物題詠、記、命名–
王熙為王熙之建築物題詠、記、命名–
宋子正為宋子正之建築物題詠、記、命名–
李至剛為李至剛之建築物題詠、記、命名–
邾經為邾經之建築物題詠、記、命名–
郭士元為郭士元作壙記–
趙孟頫為趙孟頫之詩文作跋–
周伯琦為周伯琦之詩文作跋–
王國瑞受王國瑞之請作序、記–
朱隱老為朱隱老作祠記–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 鄉貢舉人

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
元史
清江貝先生文集
清江文集
清江詩:十卷

Citations

  1. [1] English name The English name is Bei Qiong, paired with the Chinese name 貝瓊.
  2. [2] Chinese name The Chinese name is 貝瓊.
  3. [3] Birth and death The birth year is presented inconsistently: one account leaves it unknown while a time claim gives 1314; the death year is 1379.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographical entry renders the lifespan as ?–1379, and the profile gives the death year as 1379.
    • WikidataBei Qiong (Q16138226)The time claims give 1314 as the birth year and 1379 as the death year.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The principal record gives the death year as 1379.
  4. [4] Identity Bei Qiong belonged to the late Yuan and early Ming and is classified as a poet, historian, and classical scholar.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographical material places him in the late Yuan and early Ming.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The status categories identify him as a poet, historian, and classical scholar.
  5. [5] Names and sobriquet His recorded courtesy names are 廷琚, 廷珍, 廷臣, and 仲琚; 闕 and 貝闕 are forms of his original name, and 清江 is his sobriquet.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The alternate-name data gives 仲琚, 廷琚, 廷臣, 貝闕, and 闕, with the relevant name types.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The profile and biographies give 廷琚, 廷珍, 廷臣, 闕, and 清江 as courtesy names, original name, or sobriquet.
    • WikidataBei Qiong (Q16138226)The name table also records 仲琚, 廷琚, 廷臣, 貝闕, and 闕.
  6. [6] Hometown He came from Chongde in Zhejiang.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The profile and biographies give Zhejiang Chongde or Chongde as his native place.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The address entries give Chongde and Chongde Zhou.
  7. [7] Early education Gifted in youth, he studied with Huang Cishan and Yang Lianfu, after which his learning advanced.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biography calls him gifted in youth, names Huang Cishan and Yang Lianfu as his teachers, and says that his learning advanced.
  8. [8] Local recommendation At forty-eight he finally received a Yuan local examination recommendation, corresponding to the status of a recommended provincial candidate.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies state that at forty-eight he first received the Yuan local recommendation.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The examination entry classifies him as a recommended provincial candidate.
  9. [9] Zhang Shicheng period When Zhang Shicheng occupied Wu, Bei Qiong repeatedly declined summons, withdrew to Mount Shu, and taught pupils.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies say that he declined repeated summons under Zhang Shicheng, withdrew to Mount Shu, and taught students.
  10. [10] History of the Yuan The accounts differ on the date of his recruitment to work on the History of the Yuan Dynasty: one says early in Hongwu, while another says Hongwu 3 and adds that he received gold and silk and was sent home afterward.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies variously give early Hongwu or Hongwu 3 for the recruitment to compile the History of the Yuan Dynasty; the latter also states that he was given gold and silk and sent home.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The bibliography names the History of the Yuan Dynasty.
  11. [11] Reputation in the capital Fellow officials, including Li Minqing, admired his historical talent and literary reputation in the capital; another account dates the recruitment to Hongwu 3 and says that he received gold and silk and was sent home after the work.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)One biography records the admiration of Li Minqing and his colleagues; another dates the recruitment to Hongwu 3 and says that he received gold and silk and was sent home.
  12. [12] Hongwu six appointment In Hongwu 6 he became an assistant instructor at the Imperial Academy on recommendation, was grouped with Zhang Meihe and Nie Xuan as the Three Assistant Instructors of Chengjun, examined candidates in Zhejiang, and requested to return home.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies record the Hongwu 6 appointment, the Three Assistant Instructors designation, the Zhejiang examination, and his request to return.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The office entry identifies the Imperial Academy assistant instructorship and places its beginning in Hongwu 6, or 1373.
  13. [13] Central Capital appointment and retirement In Hongwu 9 he became assistant instructor at the Central Capital Imperial Academy, taught sons of meritorious officials, and retired in Hongwu 11.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies state that he changed to the Central Capital post in Hongwu 9, taught sons of meritorious officials, and retired in Hongwu 11.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The office entry gives the Central Capital assistant instructorship from Hongwu 9 through Hongwu 11.
  14. [14] Son His son was named 貝翱.
  15. [15] Friendship with Song Lian At the historiographical academy he was friendly with Song Lian of Jinhua, and the two deferred to each other in their writings.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biography describes his friendship with Song Jinglian of Jinhua and their mutual deference in writing.
  16. [16] Biographies and prefaces He wrote a biography of Yang Weizhen and prefaces for works by Song Lian and others.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The association entries connect a biography with Yang Weizhen and a preface for a work by Song Lian.
  17. [17] Poetic training and theory He studied poetry under Yang Weizhen and argued that writing should favor平衍可觀 and 豐腴可樂 over刻峭險怪 and荒唐.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The literary discussion says that he studied poetry under Yang Weizhen and stated the contrast between平衍可觀、豐腴可樂 and嶄絕刻峭、荒唐險怪.
  18. [18] Independent literary principles Although he came from Yang Weizhen’s school, he adopted its strengths without its weaknesses and did not wholly follow Yang’s literary principles.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The assessment says that although he came from Yang Weizhen’s school, he learned its strengths rather than its weaknesses and did not share its principles completely.
  19. [19] Poetic style His poetry was called broad, vigorous, incisive, and distinctive, with natural loftiness and grace within its warmth, and able to contend with other leading poets.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The poetry assessments call it broad, incisive, and distinctive, and say that it is naturally lofty and graceful within its warmth despite not combining every other poet’s strength.
  20. [20] Comparative criticism A detailed comparison associates his poetry with seven named poets and both praises him as a leader of his time and cautions that local praise could be excessive.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The poetry commentary compares the verse with Wang Guangyang, Liu Ji, Lin Hong, Yuan Kai, Gao Qi, Zhang Yu, and Sun Fen, calls it a leader of its time, and says the local praise may be excessive.
  21. [21] Local appraisal Another appraisal placed Qingjiang at the head of the poets of his commandery and ranked his talent no lower than Gao and Yang.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The appraisal makes Qingjiang the foremost poet of the commandery and says that his talent was no lower than Gao and Yang.
  22. [22] Works His named works include the Qingjiang collections and Qingjiang Poetry, with the stated juan counts.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The bibliography names the Qingjiang Beixiansheng collection, Qingjiang wenji, and Qingjiang Poetry in ten juan.
    • Souyun貝瓊 (41544)The biographies mention Qingjiang wenji and Qingjiang ji, including a forty-juan Qingjiang ji.
  23. [23] Genres and forms The associated pieces cover prefaces, biographies, tomb inscriptions, epitaphs, colophons, farewell prefaces, elegies, records, studio inscriptions, burial texts, poems, and inscriptions or colophons for paintings and calligraphic works.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The association categories cover prefaces, biographies, tomb inscriptions, epitaphs, painting and picture colophons, farewell pieces, elegies, Buddhist-temple records, studio inscriptions, burial records, poems, and literary colophons.
  24. [24] Named pieces and network Named pieces include a poem for Song Lian, two works associated with Yang Weizhen, and pieces on a Ni Zan painting and a Zhao Mengfu calligraphic text.
    • CBDBBei Qiong (27835)The association entries connect the named pieces with Song Lian, Yang Weizhen, Ni Zan, and Zhao Mengfu respectively.