Emperor Gaozong of Tang

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

In 631 he was enfeoffed as Prince of Jin.[5] From 633 to 643 he held a prefectural governorship at Taiyuan;[6] in 643 he was installed as crown prince, and in June 649 he acceded to the throne.[7] His reign lasted thirty-four years and largely continued Taizong's institutions.[8] Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Wei Siqian, and Zhang Wenguan were among the ministers who assisted him in government.[9]

He campaigned against the Western Turks and ordered Li Ji to lead six regional commands against Goryeo.[10] In his early years he also destroyed Baekje and Goguryeo, bringing Tang territory to its greatest extent.[11] He deposed Empress Wang and made Wu Zetian empress.[12] Wu had originally been Taizong's stepmother, a consort known as Wucairen; the two became involved early on, and he eventually raised her to the empress's position.[13]

In later life he suffered from eye disease, and political power came to be controlled by Empress Wu.[14]

Family

Li Zhi was the son of Li Shimin (Emperor Taizong) and Changsun; his fathers-in-law were Wu Shiyue and Wang Renyou.[15] His first wife was Wang,[16] later the deposed empress.[17] Xiao was his Liangdi, and Wu Zhao (Wu Zetian) was also his wife.[18]

His sons included Li Xian (Emperor Zhongzong), Li Dan (Emperor Ruizong), Li Xian, Li Zhong, Li Shangjin, Li Sujie, and Li Hong; his daughters included Princess Taiping, Princess Yiyang, and Princess Anding.[19] His son-in-law was Quan Yi, and his granddaughters included Princess Yongtai, Li Xianhui, and Princess Jinxian.[20]

Literary work and posthumous titles

He was skilled in literary composition.[21] His collected works are given as eighty-six juan,[22] and a work titled *Collected Works of Li Zhi* (《文集（李治）》) is separately listed.[23] In the fifth year of the Xianheng era he adopted the designation “Tianhuang”;[24] after his death he received the posthumous title Tianhuang Dadi and the temple name Gaozong.[25] The longer posthumous form appears in two variants, “天皇大聖大宏孝皇帝” and[26] “天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝.”[27] In 684, Wu Zetian buried Tianhuang Dadi at Qianling.[28]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 633 州刺史 貞觀
  2. 643 皇太子 貞觀
  3. 649 皇帝 貞觀

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
州刺史633643貞觀太原
皇太子643貞觀
皇帝649貞觀
Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
未詳Era unknownUnknown
諸王Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父李世民(唐太宗)598–649
岳父武士彠–622
岳父王仁祐–
母長孫氏(李世民妻)601–636
妻子武曌(武則天)624–705
妻子蕭氏(高宗良娣)–655
第一任妻王氏(高宗廢后)–655
女兒李氏(太平公主)–
女兒李下玉(義陽公主)–
子李顯(唐中宗)656–710
子李旦(唐睿宗)662–716
子李賢654–684
子李忠–714
子李上金–714
子李素節–714
子李弘652–675
女婿權毅647–691
孫女李仙蕙(永泰公主)685–701
孫女李氏(金仙公主)689–732
長女李氏(唐高宗安定公主)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 天皇大帝 諡號
  • 天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝 諡號
  • 為善 字
  • 高宗 廟號

StatusCBDB

  • 工於文
  • [皇帝]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
房遺愛其（或追隨者）殺害房遺愛653–
李元景其（或追隨者）殺害李元景653–
武曌(武則天)為武曌(武則天)所葬684–
陸羽贈詩、文–
朱放贈詩、文–
李弘贈詩、文–
李氏(太平公主)贈詩、文–
崔渙贈詩、文–
朱昉贈詩、文–
蕭叔子贈詩、文–
韓揆贈詩、文–
閻士和贈詩、文–
許敬宗收到許敬宗的贈詩、文–
楊思玄收到楊思玄的贈詩、文–
李元嘉收到李元嘉的贈詩、文–
李嶠收到李嶠的贈詩、文–
裴守真收到裴守真的贈詩、文–
沈佺期收到沈佺期的贈詩、文–
王德真收到王德真的贈詩、文–
杜審言收到杜審言的贈詩、文–
盧照鄰收到盧照鄰的贈詩、文–
上官婉兒收到上官婉兒的贈詩、文–
任敬臣收到任敬臣的贈詩、文–
劉禕之收到劉禕之的贈詩、文–
胡元範收到胡元範的贈詩、文–
釋皎然收到釋皎然的贈詩、文–
許圉師收到許圉師的贈詩、文–
薛克構收到薛克構的贈詩、文–
郭正一收到郭正一的贈詩、文–
李貞收到李貞的贈詩、文–
元萬頃收到元萬頃的贈詩、文–
賈言忠收到賈言忠的贈詩、文–
蕭楚材收到蕭楚材的贈詩、文–
賀敱收到賀敱的贈詩、文–
鄭義真收到鄭義真的贈詩、文–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
繼位

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
文集(李治)

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates Li Zhi was born in 628 and died in 683.
    • CBDBLi Zhi (Emperor Gaozong of Tang) (19241)The entry identifies Li Zhi and gives 628 as his birth year and 683 as his death year.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)Both biographical passages give the span 628–683 and identify the personal name as Zhi.
    • WikidataEmperor Gaozong of Tang (Q9703)The name and date values identify Li Zhi, a birth date in 628, and a death date in 683; this article uses the shared years.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority entry names Li Zhi and supplies birth and death dates falling in 628 and 683.
  2. [2] Imperial status Li Zhi was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The biographical note explicitly calls him the third emperor of the Tang dynasty.
    • WikidataEmperor Gaozong of Tang (Q9703)The Chinese description identifies him as the third emperor of the Tang dynasty.
  3. [3] Courtesy and temple names His courtesy name was Weishan and his temple name was Gaozong.
  4. [4] Native and ancestral places His native place was Chang'an and his ancestral home was Chengji.
  5. [5] Prince of Jin Li Zhi was made Prince of Jin in 631.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The biographical passages state that he was made Prince of Jin in the fifth year.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note also says that he was initially made Prince of Jin.
  6. [6] Taiyuan office From 633 to 643 he held the office of prefectural governor in Taiyuan.
  7. [7] Crown prince and accession He was installed as crown prince in 643 and acceded to the throne in June 649.
    • CBDBLi Zhi (Emperor Gaozong of Tang) (19241)The office and succession entries give the 643 crown-prince appointment, the 649 imperial office, and the succession category.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The biographical passages specify the seventeenth year for the crown-prince appointment and the twenty-third year, in June, for accession.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note identifies the accession as the twenty-third year of Zhenguan, 649.
  8. [8] Continuation of Taizong's institutions His reign lasted thirty-four years and largely continued Taizong's institutions.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The biographical passages state that he largely continued Taizong's old institutions and reigned for thirty-four years.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note gives a thirty-four-year reign from 649 to 683.
  9. [9] Ministers Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Wei Siqian, and Zhang Wenguan assisted him in government.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note names Changsun Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Wei Siqian, Zhang Wenguan, and other ministers as assisting in government.
  10. [10] Campaigns against the Western Turks and Goryeo He campaigned against the Western Turks and ordered Li Ji to lead six regional commands against Goryeo.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The biographical passage says that he sent forces to defeat the Western Turks and ordered Li Ji to lead six commanderies against Goryeo.
  11. [11] Territorial expansion Early conquests of Baekje, the Western Turks, and Goguryeo brought Tang territory to its greatest extent.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note says that he destroyed the Western Turks, Baekje, and Goguryeo early in his reign and thereby brought Tang territory to its greatest extent.
  12. [12] Deposition and enthronement of Wu Zetian He deposed Empress Wang and made Wu Zetian empress.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The biographical passage states that he deposed Empress Wang and established Wu Zetian as empress.
  13. [13] Wu Zetian's earlier relationship Wu Zetian had been Taizong's consort and stepmother; she and Gaozong became involved early on, and he ultimately made her empress.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note describes Wu as the former Wucairen, Taizong's consort and Gaozong's stepmother, and says that she ultimately became empress after their early association.
  14. [14] Late political situation In later life he suffered from eye disease, and political power came to be controlled by Empress Wu.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李治 (A002146)The authority note links his late-life eye disease with political power being controlled by Empress Wu.
  15. [15] Parents and fathers-in-law Li Zhi was the son of Li Shimin and Changsun; his fathers-in-law were Wu Shiyue and Wang Renyou.
  16. [16] First wife Wang was identified as his first wife.
  17. [17] Deposed empress Wang Wang was also designated the deposed empress.
  18. [18] Other consorts Xiao was his Liangdi, and Wu Zhao was also his wife.
  19. [19] Children The kinship entries list seven sons—Li Xian, Li Dan, Li Xian, Li Zhong, Li Shangjin, Li Sujie, and Li Hong—and three daughters: Princess Taiping, Princess Yiyang, and Princess Anding.
  20. [20] Son-in-law and granddaughters Quan Yi was a son-in-law, and the granddaughters listed are Princess Yongtai, Li Xianhui, and Princess Jinxian.
  21. [21] Literary ability Li Zhi was described as skilled in literary composition.
  22. [22] Collection size His collected works are given as eighty-six juan.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The literary passage gives the collection as eighty-six juan.
  23. [23] Collection title A work titled Collected Works of Li Zhi is separately listed.
  24. [24] Designation of Tianhuang In the fifth year of Xianheng he adopted the designation Tianhuang.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The literary passage states that he was called Tianhuang in the fifth year of Xianheng.
  25. [25] Posthumous and temple names After his death he received the posthumous title Tianhuang Dadi and the temple name Gaozong.
  26. [26] Variant posthumous form one One longer posthumous form is written as 天皇大聖大宏孝皇帝.
    • Souyun李治 (13962)The literary passage gives the longer form as 天皇大聖大宏孝皇帝.
  27. [27] Variant posthumous form two Another form is written as 天皇大聖大弘孝皇帝.
  28. [28] Burial at Qianling In 684 Wu Zetian buried Tianhuang Dadi at Qianling.