Cheng Yi

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 伊川先生 室名、別號
• 正 諡號
• 正叔 字

StatusCBDB

• 削籍官員
• 經學家
• 經學家—春秋
• [為官者：文]
• 思想家
• 入元祐黨籍者

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Cheng Yi lived from 1033 to 1107 and is identified as a Northern Song Neo-Confucian philosopher and thinker.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The record supplies Cheng Yi’s name, dates, Song affiliation, and classifications as a thinker and classical scholar.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The three biographies date Cheng Yi to 1033–1107 and place him in the Northern Song Neo-Confucian tradition.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority record identifies him as a Northern Song Neo-Confucian scholar and gives the 1033–1107 date range.
   • WikidataCheng Yi (Q558380)The item identifies him as Cheng Yi and describes him as a Chinese philosopher of 1033–1107.
2. [2] Names and titles His courtesy name was Zhengshu, he was styled Yichuan and known as Master Yichuan, and he had several additional sobriquets and honorific titles.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The record gives the forms Yichuan, Zheng, and Zhengshu, identifies Luoyang as his native place, and associates the Guogong title with Luoguo.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biographies call him Zhengshu and Yichuan and identify him as a native of Luoyang in Henan.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority record lists Cheng Zhengshu, Little Cheng, Zheng Gong, Yichuan, Duke of Luo, Cheng Yichuan, and Count of Yiyang, with Luoyang as his birthplace.
   • WikidataCheng Yi (Q558380)The item confirms the English name Cheng Yi and records the forms Zhengshu, Zheng, and Yichuan xiansheng.
3. [3] Family Cheng Yi’s ancestry, parents, elder brother, and father-in-law are identified by name.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The kinship entries name Cheng Yu as the fourth-generation ancestor, Cheng Xiang as father, Peng Siyong as father-in-law, Madam Hou as mother, and Cheng Hao as elder brother.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biographies explicitly identify Cheng Hao as Cheng Yi’s younger brother.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority note also calls Cheng Hao his full brother.
4. [4] Children and descendants His sons were Cheng Duanzhong and Cheng Duanque, he had a son-in-law named Xi Yanzheng, and Cheng Duanque lived from 1064 to 1068.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The kinship entries identify Cheng Duanzhong as the eldest son, Cheng Duanque as the second son, Xi Yanzheng as son-in-law, and give Cheng Duanque’s dates.
5. [5] Education and early study As a young man, Cheng Yi studied under Zhou Dunyi, entered the Imperial Academy at eighteen, wrote the Yan essay under variant titles, and gained Hu Yuan’s approval and a teaching appointment.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biography describes his study with Cheng Hao under Zhou Dunyi, his studies at the Imperial Academy at eighteen, the essay, and Hu Yuan’s appointment.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The association and text entries confirm the teacher–student relation with Zhou Dunyi, Hu Yuan’s esteem, and the two essay titles.
6. [6] Examination and early recommendations After the failed palace examination of 1059, Cheng Yi did not sit again, and later recommendations did not bring him into office; his early service included the Ruzhou tuanlian tuiguan, and he was recommended by Sima Guang and Lü Gongzhu.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biographies describe the failed Jiayou 4 palace examination, repeated recommendations, and the recommendation by Sima Guang and Lü Gongzhu.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority note lists the Ruzhou tuanlian tuiguan among his offices.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The association entry confirms a recommendation relationship with Sima Guang.
7. [7] Appointment sequence The biographical accounts differ in the sequence of the appointments at the Western Capital Directorate of Education, the Palace Library, and the Chongzheng Hall.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)One biography gives the Yuanyou 1 summons, Tongzhilang and Chongzhengdian appointments, and the following-year transfer; the other gives the sequence beginning with the declined professorship and continuing through the Palace Library, Chongzheng Hall, Directorate, and zhi Mige appointments.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The office list also includes the Chongzhengdian shuoshu appointment.
8. [8] 馆职名称 The sources preserve both the zhi Mige and zhi Longtu ge forms of the later institutional title.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biography records the later addition of zhi Mige.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The office list separately records the title zhi Longtu ge.
9. [9] Exile, restoration, and retirement Cheng Yi was entered on the Yuanyou faction register, stripped of office, sent to Fuzhou, later restored after an amnesty, and finally retired after further reversals of his appointments.
   • Souyun程頤 (29922)The three biographies cover the faction-register entry, stripping of office, Fuzhou confinement, the Huizong-era move and amnesty, restoration, later revocation, and retirement; one supplies the fourth, first, and fifth year dates.
   • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The status entries classify him as an official whose register status was removed and as an entrant on the Yuanyou faction register.
10. [10] Death and age Cheng Yi died in Daguan 1, or 1107, at the age of seventy-five.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)Two biographies state that he died in Daguan 1 at the age of seventy-five.
    • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The basic record gives 1033 as the birth year and 1107 as the death year.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority record places his death in 1107.
    • WikidataCheng Yi (Q558380)The item’s date value places his death in 1107.
11. [11] Er Cheng and Luoxue Together with Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi was a founder of Northern Song Neo-Confucianism; their teaching was known as Luoxue because of his long activity in Luoyang.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biographies describe the brothers as the Er Cheng, identify them as founders of Northern Song Neo-Confucianism, and explain the name Luoxue.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority record places him in the Er Cheng group and attributes the creation of Luoxue to him and Cheng Hao.
    • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The status entries classify him as a classical scholar and thinker.
12. [12] Philosophical teaching His teaching centered on qiongli, emphasized gewu zhizhi, maintained that human nature is principle, and opened the way for Zhu Xi’s learning.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biography identifies qiongli as the central principle of his teaching and emphasizes gewu zhizhi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority note states that he held xing ji li and that his teaching opened the way for Zhu Xi’s learning.
13. [13] Academy and students He taught tirelessly, established Yigao Academy, and had students including Yang Shi, Xie Liangzuo, and Yin Tun.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biography describes his tireless teaching and the large number of students who came from his school.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority note records his establishment of Yigao Academy and teaching there.
    • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The association entries identify Yang Shi, Yin Tun, and Xie Liangzuo as his students.
14. [14] Works and titles His early essay and major writings are preserved under several titles, including works on the Changes, the Spring and Autumn Annals, and his collected writings.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biographies give the titles Yi zhuan, Yichuan Yizhuan, Chunqiu zhuan, Yichuan wenji, Er Cheng quanshu, and the associated collected works and their juan counts.
    • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The text catalogue lists Yichuan wenji, Yicheng zhuan, the two Yan-zi essay titles, the collected Cheng works, and Er Cheng yulu with its twenty-seven-juan form.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority note also names the Er Cheng collected works, Yi zhuan, and Jing shuo.
15. [15] Posthumous honors He received the posthumous name Zheng, was enfeoffed as Count of Yiyang, entered the Temple of Confucius, and was later styled Duke of Luo.
    • Souyun程頤 (29922)The biography records the Jiading 13 posthumous name Zheng, the Chunyou 1 enfeoffment as Count of Yiyang, and admission to the Temple of Confucius.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程頤 (A007883)The authority record lists Zheng Gong, Duke of Luo, and Count of Yiyang and repeats the posthumous honors and temple status.
    • CBDBCheng Yi (3105)The record gives Zheng as the posthumous title and preserves the Guogong title associated with Luoguo.