Wu Zhonghang

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Born into a degree-holding family, Wu was the son of Wu Xing, a Shangbao cheng, and the brother of Wu Kexing, a compiler; both father and brother passed the jinshi examination. His grandfather was Wu Li and his great-grandfather was Wu Hao. His mother was Lady Duan; he also had a stepmother, Lady Du. His wife was Lady Mao, and his younger brothers included Wu Shangxing and Wu Tongxing.[4]

His recorded children include Wu Yi, Wu Xuan, Wu Liang, Wu Xiang, Wu Yuan, and Wu Zongwen; Wu Zongwen was his daughter, Cao Chenke was his son-in-law, and a sixth-generation descendant was Wu Shimo (1751–1821). One account states that his sons Wu Liang, Wu Yi, and Wu Yuan all passed the jinshi examination, while Wu Xiang entered officialdom as a juren; Wu Liang served as a censor, Wu Yi as magistrate of Longxi, Wu Yuan in the Huguang administration, and Wu Xiang as magistrate of Cangzhou before being dismissed after offending a powerful eunuch.[5]

At about twenty, he passed the Yingtian Prefecture provincial examination in 132nd place; his father warned him against premature advancement, so he did not immediately sit the metropolitan examination.[6] In the Xinwei examination of the fifth year of the Longqing reign (1571), he ranked fifteenth in the metropolitan examination and eighteenth in the second class of the jinshi list.[7] Zhang Juzheng was the chief examiner and Wu’s examination patron. Wu was selected as a shujishi and appointed a Hanlin compiler.[8]

Remonstrance and official career

In the fifth year of the Wanli reign (1577), Zhang Juzheng, while observing mourning for his father, resumed office under duoqing; Wu submitted the memorial 《諫止張居正奪情疏》 in protest, arguing that the action violated the moral order of the ages, the teachings of the sages, and the ancestral laws. Wu and Zhao Yongxian each received sixty strokes of the court staff, were struck off the registers, and expelled from the capital. Wu briefly stopped breathing after the beating; the Secretariat clerk Qin Zhu brought a physician and medicine, reviving him. He returned south while seriously injured, and dozens of pieces of necrotic flesh were cut away, the wound reaching a depth of one cun. The two became known together as Wu–Zhao, and their reputation for integrity resounded throughout the realm.[9]

At the ninth-year review of metropolitan officials, Wu was placed among the five officials on the censure register and barred from reappointment. After Zhang Juzheng’s death, court officials repeatedly recommended him; he was restored to his former office, promoted to you zhongyun, and assigned to the Classics Mat. Grand Secretary Xu Guo attacked Li Zhi and Jiang Dongzhi, denouncing Wu as a member of their faction; Wu defended himself in a memorial and requested resignation but was refused, then was promoted to you yude.[10]

After Censor Cai Xizhou impeached Li Zhi and again implicated Wu, Wu submitted four memorials requesting leave; he was given silver and patterned silk and sent home by courier. Though repeatedly recommended, he was held back by the ministers; eventually he was recalled as shijiang xueshi and placed in charge of Nanjing Hanlin Academy. His offices also included shidu xueshi, Hanlin shidu, and the duty of 管國子監司業事.[11]

After a fellow townsman, the commissioner Xu Changji, sued him in a matter that had already been settled, the geishizhong Wang Jiamo revived an old charge. Wu was ordered to remain at home pending recall, died soon afterwards in 1594, and was posthumously granted the title libu you shilang.[12]

Works

His works include the fourteen-volume 《賜餘堂集》; 《復菴集》 is also attested as a title.[13]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown11
OfficeEraPosting
侍讀學士萬曆南京
右中允Era unknownUnknown
右諭德Era unknownUnknown
尚寶司丞Era unknownUnknown
庶吉士Era unknownUnknown
掌南京翰林院事Era unknownUnknown
禮部右侍郎Era unknownUnknown
管國子監司業事萬曆Unknown
經筵官Era unknownUnknown
編修Era unknownUnknown
鄉賢Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖吳昊–
祖父吳禮–
父吳性–
母段氏(吳中行母)–
兄吳可行–
弟吳尚行–
弟吳同行–
妻子毛氏(吳中行妻)–
女兒吳宗文–
從子;姪子吳宗達1572–1636
子吳奕1575–
子吳玄–
女婿曹塵客–
六世孫;昆孫吳士模1751–1821
十四子吳亮–
十四子吳襄–
繼母杜氏(吳中行前母)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 四 行第
  • 子道 字
  • 復菴 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
張居正彈劾-9999–
秦柱為秦柱作墓誌銘–
蘇祐為蘇祐作墓誌銘–
趙南星傳記作者為趙南星–
曹三暘為曹三暘作傳–
余有丁為余有丁作祭文–
閔煦為閔煦作神道碑–
白啟常為白啟常作墓表–
吳情為吳情作墓表–
秦汴為秦汴作墓表–
陳崇慶為陳崇慶作行狀–
吳中行畫贊(畫像記)由吳中行所作–
吳中行為吳中行作畫贊(畫像記)–
薛敷教致書薛敷教–
唐鶴徵致書唐鶴徵–
鄒元標致書鄒元標–
屠隆致書屠隆–
王錫爵致書王錫爵–
張位致書張位–
艾穆致書艾穆–
馮夢禎被致書由馮夢禎–
湯顯祖被致書由湯顯祖–
馮夢禎收到馮夢禎的答書–
高拱贈詩、文–
呂本贈詩、文–
陳崇慶贈詩、文–
張居正考官為張居正–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)
科舉: 進士(籠統)第二甲第十八名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
賜餘堂集:十四卷

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates and identity Wu Zhonghang was born in 1540, died in 1594, and was a Ming political figure and Hanlin official.
  2. [2] Courtesy name and hao His courtesy name was Zidao, while his hao appears in the written forms 復菴 and 復庵.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The alternate-name fields identify Zidao as the courtesy name and 復菴 as the hao.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The biographical texts use Zidao and both 復菴 and 復庵.
    • WikidataWu Zhonghang (Q10918590)The name list and claims give the aliases Fuan and Zidao and the Chinese forms 子道 and 復菴.
  3. [3] Native place His principal registered affiliation was Wujin in Changzhou Prefecture, with Beiqu li in Yixing County given as the ancestral home; other locality forms include Yixing, Jingjiang, and Zhenjiang Prefecture.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The locality fields give Wujin, Yixing, Jingjiang, and Zhenjiang Prefecture.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The profile and biographical text identify Wujin in Changzhou Prefecture, its present administrative association, and Beiqu li in Yixing County.
  4. [4] Family The family relationships include Wu Xing, Wu Kexing, Wu Li, Wu Hao, Lady Duan, Lady Du, Lady Mao, Wu Shangxing, and Wu Tongxing; the biographical account gives the father’s and brother’s offices and their jinshi degrees.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The kinship fields give the named relatives, while the biographical texts add the father’s and brother’s offices and degrees.
  5. [5] Children and descendant The kinship entries name Wu Yi, Wu Xuan, Wu Liang, Wu Xiang, Wu Zongwen, Cao Chenke, and the sixth-generation descendant Wu Shimo, whose dates are 1751–1821; Wu Yuan appears in the account of the sons.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The kinship fields provide the family names, relationships, and dates; the family account gives Wu Yuan and the children’s examination and office careers.
  6. [6] Early examinations At about twenty he passed the Yingtian Prefecture provincial examination in 132nd place; his father warned him against premature advancement, so he did not immediately sit the metropolitan examination.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The biographical text gives the Yingtian Prefecture ranking and the account of his father’s warning and deferred metropolitan examination.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The biography describes his early provincial examination and deferred metropolitan examination; the examination field gives rank 132.
  7. [7] Longqing examination In 1571, the Xinwei examination placed him fifteenth in the metropolitan examination and eighteenth in the second class of the jinshi list.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The biographical texts give the Longqing Xinwei examination, year, metropolitan rank, and second-class rank.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The examination field gives the second-class eighteenth rank, and the biographies confirm the Longqing Xinwei jinshi degree.
  8. [8] Hanlin appointment Zhang Juzheng was the chief examiner and Wu’s examination patron; Wu was selected as a shujishi and appointed a Hanlin compiler.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The profile and biographies identify the chief examiner, examination relationship, shujishi appointment, and Hanlin compiler post.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The office fields and biographies list the shujishi and compiler appointments.
  9. [9] Memorial against duoqing In 1577, Zhang Juzheng resumed office while mourning his father. Wu submitted 《諫止張居正奪情疏》 in protest, arguing that the action violated the moral order of the ages, the sages’ teachings, and ancestral law.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The biographical texts give the 1577 duoqing episode, memorial, beating, rescue, wounds, and public reputation.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The summary, full biography, and association record confirm the remonstrance, punishment, medical rescue, and Wu–Zhao reputation.
  10. [10] Restoration and Xu Guo’s attacks At the ninth-year review Wu was censured and barred from reappointment; after Zhang’s death he was restored, promoted to you zhongyun, and assigned to the Classics Mat. Xu Guo then attacked his alleged factional affiliation, but Wu’s defense failed to prevent only a later promotion to you yude.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The biography and office fields give the censure, restoration, right zhongyun, Classics Mat, Xu Guo controversy, and right yude appointment.
  11. [11] Return to Nanjing After Cai Xizhou’s renewed accusation, Wu requested leave four times, received silver and patterned silk, and returned home by courier; later he was recalled as shijiang xueshi and placed in charge of the Nanjing Hanlin Academy.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The biography and office fields give the renewed accusation, four requests to leave, gifts, courier return, suppressed recommendations, and the Nanjing and additional offices.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The profile and biographies confirm the shijiang xueshi, Hanlin shidu, and Nanjing Hanlin appointments.
  12. [12] Final accusation and posthumous title After Xu Changji’s lawsuit, Wang Jiamo revived an old charge; Wu was confined at home pending recall, died soon afterward in 1594, and received the posthumous title libu you shilang.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The biography gives the lawsuit, renewed impeachment, home confinement, death, and posthumous libu you shilang title.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The profile gives 1594 and the libu you shilang title, while the biographical text links his death to the period of home confinement.
  13. [13] Works His works include the fourteen-volume 《賜餘堂集》, while 《復菴集》 is also given as a title.
    • CBDBWu Zhonghang (128144)The works field gives the fourteen-volume 《賜餘堂集》.
    • Souyun吳中行 (43694)The biographical texts give 《賜餘堂集》 and 《復菴集》 as titles associated with his works.