Tang Wenxian

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His great-grandfather was Tang Min (唐珉), his grandfather Tang Bin (唐濱), his father Tang Fuxi (唐敷錫), and his mother was Liu (劉氏)[6]. He had brothers 唐文燈、唐文燭、唐文熟、唐文勳、唐文烈、唐文蒸、唐文然, and 唐文濤; his wife was Gu (顧氏)[7]. His sons were 唐允恭、唐允執, and another whose name appears as “唐允?”; his nephew was 唐允振 and his grandson was 唐克宏[8].

In 1585, he passed the Yi-you Shuntian Prefecture provincial examination as the 47th-ranked juren[9]. The following year he passed the Bingxu metropolitan examination in 149th place[10] and took first place in the first degree at the palace examination, becoming the zhuangyuan[11]. After the examination, he was appointed a Hanlin Academy compiler (修撰) and served as an Eastern Palace lecturer (東宮講官); in the seventeenth year of the Wanli era he held the office of zhengshi (正使), in the twenty-ninth year he became a Junior Metropolitan in the Directorate of the Heir Apparent (詹事府少詹事), and in the thirty-first year he became its Director (詹事)[12]. He later served as Vice Minister of Rites (禮部侍郎), a Hanlin Academician (翰林院學士), and an instructor of shujishi (教習庶吉士), took charge of Hanlin affairs, and ultimately became Vice Minister of Rites to the right (禮部右侍郎)[13].

He had studied under Zhao Yongxian (趙用賢); the two esteemed one another for their commitment to moral integrity, and his conduct in office did not betray his stated principles[14]. He was also connected in a teacher-disciple relationship with Yang He (楊鶴) and Cui Erjin (崔爾進)[15]. When Shen Yiguan (沈一貫) sought to bring down Guo Zhengyu (郭正域) in the “demon book” affair, Tang went with Yang Daobin (楊道賓), Zhou Rudi (周如砥), and Tao Wangling (陶望齡) to confront Shen and argue for Guo’s innocence; the case eased, although the episode cost him the favor of the governing authorities[16]. When the investigating secretary Li Yi (李沂) was beaten in court after impeaching Zhang Jing (張鯨), Tang helped him out and supplied medicine; when Hua Yu (華鈺), the judicial commissioner of Jingzhou, was imprisoned for offending a tax supervisor, Tang interceded on his behalf and secured his release from the threat of execution[17]. While he was in charge of Hanlin affairs, an official evaluation was held and a member of the governing council sought to protect one person, but Tang refused[18].

He corresponded with Chen Jiru (陳繼儒), Lu Shusheng (陸樹聲), Dong Qichang (董其昌), Wang Tu (王圖), Yang Daobin (楊道賓), Wang Xijue (王錫爵), and Wang Heng (王衡)[19]. His correspondents also included Zhu Wubi (朱吾弼), Zeng Chaojie (曾朝節), Zhang Xianwen (章憲文), Gu Longzhen (顧龍禎), Liu Weiji (劉為楫), Zhao Biao (趙標), Quan Tianxu (全天敘), and Shen Shilai (沈時來)[20]. He also received letters from Feng Shike (馮時可), Lu Shusheng, He Sanwei (何三畏), and Dai Shilin (戴士琳), as well as reply letters from Feng Mengzhen (馮夢禎), Feng Qi (馮琦), and Li Tingji (李廷機)[21].

He died in office on the fifteenth day of the third month of the thirty-third year of the Wanli era (1605)[22]. After his death, he was posthumously granted the rank of Minister of Rites, additionally honored as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and given the posthumous name Wenke (文恪)[23].

Writings

His works include the fifteen-volume Zhanxingtang ji (《占星堂集》)[24].

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown8
OfficeEraPosting
修撰Era unknownUnknown
掌翰林院事Era unknownUnknown
東宮講官Era unknownUnknown
正使萬曆Unknown
禮部侍郎Era unknownUnknown
禮部尚書Era unknownUnknown
詹事府少詹事萬曆Unknown
詹事府詹事萬曆Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖唐珉–
祖父唐濱–
父唐敷錫–
母劉氏(唐文獻母)–
兄唐文燈–
兄唐文燭–
兄唐文熟–
兄唐文勳–
兄唐文烈–
兄唐文蒸–
兄唐文然–
兄唐文濤–
妻子顧氏(唐文獻妻)–
從子;姪子唐允振–
子唐允恭–
子唐允執–
子唐允?–
孫唐克宏–

AliasesCBDB

  • 三 行第
  • 元徵 字
  • 抑所 室名、別號
  • 文恪 諡號
  • 柳所 室名、別號
  • 道徵 字

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
楊鶴為楊鶴之門人–
崔爾進為崔爾進之門人–
郭正域支持–
湯賓尹墓誌銘由湯賓尹所作–
楊守勤墓誌銘由楊守勤所作–
方應選從方應選處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
董其昌行狀由董其昌所作–
陳繼儒致書陳繼儒–
陸樹聲致書陸樹聲–
董其昌致書董其昌–
王圖致書王圖–
楊道賓致書楊道賓–
王錫爵致書王錫爵–
王衡致書王衡–
朱吾弼致書朱吾弼–
曾朝節致書曾朝節–
章憲文致書章憲文–
顧龍禎致書顧龍禎–
劉為楫致書劉為楫–
趙標致書趙標–
全天敘致書全天敘–
沈時來致書沈時來–
馮時可被致書由馮時可–
馮時可被致書由馮時可–
陸樹聲被致書由陸樹聲–
何三畏被致書由何三畏–
何三畏被致書由何三畏–
何三畏被致書由何三畏–
何三畏被致書由何三畏–
何三畏被致書由何三畏–
戴士琳被致書由戴士琳–
趙標答趙標書–
馮夢禎收到馮夢禎的答書–
馮琦收到馮琦的答書–
馮琦收到馮琦的答書–
李廷機收到李廷機的答書–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第一甲第一名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

Citations

  1. [1] Name and dates The biographical materials identify Tang Wenxian and give 1549 as his birth year and 1605 as his death year.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile gives Tang Wenxian's name and the years 1549 and 1605.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority record places his birth in 1549 and his death in 1605.
    • WikidataTang Wenxian (Q10922795)The item label, description, and date claims identify Tang Wenxian and date his life to 1549–1605.
  2. [2] Ming official Tang Wenxian is identified as a Ming official.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The principal record places him in the Ming dynasty.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile identifies the Ming dynasty and presents him through official and examination titles.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority summary explicitly calls him a Ming official.
    • WikidataTang Wenxian (Q10922795)The item description identifies him as a political figure of the Ming dynasty.
  3. [3] Style names and posthumous name He was styled Daozheng, later Yuanzheng, used Yisuo as a sobriquet, and was also known as Liusuo.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The name table lists Daozheng and Yuanzheng as style names and Yisuo and Liusuo as sobriquets.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile lists Yuanzheng, Daozheng, and Yisuo, while the biographical text says that Daozheng was later changed to Yuanzheng.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority record lists Tang Yuanzheng and Yisuo among his names.
    • WikidataTang Wenxian (Q10922795)The name and title entries list Daozheng, Yuanzheng, Yisuo, Liusuo, and Wenke.
  4. [4] Native place and status He came from Huating County in Songjiang Prefecture, belonged to the artisan register, and traced his ancestral home to Jingnan in Huguang; Huating is now in Shanghai.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The address entries identify Huating as his basic native-place address.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile and biographical text identify Huating in Songjiang Prefecture, now in Shanghai, and give his artisan registration and ancestral origin in Jingnan, Huguang.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority record names Huating as his place of birth.
  5. [5] Birth-order designation His birth-order designation was San.
  6. [6] Family background His great-grandfather was Tang Min, his grandfather Tang Bin, his father Tang Fuxi, and his mother Liu.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The kinship entries list Tang Min, Tang Bin, Tang Fuxi, and Liu in the stated family relationships.
  7. [7] Brothers and wife The kinship entries list eight brothers and identify Gu as his wife.
  8. [8] Children and descendants His sons included Tang Yun'gong, Tang Yun'chi, and one person whose name appears as Tang Yun?, followed by nephew Tang Yunzhen and grandson Tang Kehong.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The kinship entries list nephew Tang Yunzhen, sons Tang Yun'gong and Tang Yun'chi, an uncertain name shown as Tang Yun?, and grandson Tang Kehong.
  9. [9] Provincial examination In 1585 he passed the Yi-you Shuntian Prefecture examination and ranked forty-seventh among the juren.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The biographical text gives the 1585 Yi-you Shuntian Prefecture examination and the forty-seventh juren ranking.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The examination and school entries identify him as a xianggong juren and give the number forty-seven.
  10. [10] Metropolitan examination ranking The following year he passed the Bingxu metropolitan examination in 149th place.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The biographical text places him 149th in the 1586 Bingxu metropolitan examination.
  11. [11] Top examination degree He placed first in the first degree at the palace examination and became the zhuangyuan.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The examination entry gives first place in the first degree, while the biographical notes call him first in the Bingxu palace examination and first among the presented candidates.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile and biographical texts identify him as the first-ranked candidate and zhuangyuan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority summary explicitly calls him the 1586 zhuangyuan.
    • WikidataTang Wenxian (Q10922795)The item description identifies him as a Ming examination champion.
  12. [12] Early offices After the examination, he became a Hanlin compiler and Eastern Palace lecturer, held zhengshi in Wanli 17, served as Junior Metropolitan in the Directorate of the Heir Apparent in Wanli 29, and became its Director in Wanli 31.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The office entries list the compiler, Eastern Palace lecturer, zhengshi, and the Wanli 29 and 31 offices in the Directorate of the Heir Apparent.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The biographical texts confirm his appointment as a compiler and his subsequent service as a Director of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent.
  13. [13] Later offices He later held offices as Vice Minister of Rites, Hanlin Academician, instructor of shujishi, keeper of Hanlin affairs, and ultimately right Vice Minister of Rites.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The office entries include Vice Minister of Rites and charge of Hanlin affairs.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile and biographical texts list the right Vice Minister of Rites, Hanlin affairs, Vice Minister of Rites, Hanlin Academician, and instructor of shujishi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority summary states that he reached the office of right Vice Minister of Rites while taking charge of Hanlin affairs.
  14. [14] Zhao Yongxian and integrity He studied under Zhao Yongxian, shared an esteem for moral integrity with him, and acted in office consistently with his stated principles.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The biographical note says that Tang came from Zhao Yongxian's school and that they valued one another for integrity.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The introduction adds that he came from Zhao Yongxian's school and did not fail his own words in office.
  15. [15] Other teacher-disciple links Association entries connect him with Yang He and Cui Erjin through a teacher-disciple relationship; the wording does not establish a date.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)Both relationship values say that he was a disciple of the associated person, named Yang He and Cui Erjin.
  16. [16] Defense of Guo Zhengyu During the demon-book affair, Tang argued for Guo Zhengyu's innocence with several colleagues, helping to ease the case but losing the favor of the governing authorities.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The biographical notes and support relationship describe Shen Yiguan's attack on Guo Zhengyu, Tang's defense with his colleagues, the easing of the case, and the resulting loss of official favor.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The biographical text confirms that Tang defended Guo Zhengyu's innocence.
  17. [17] Aid to Li Yi and Hua Yu Tang helped Li Yi after his beating and intervened for Hua Yu when the latter was imprisoned, securing Hua's survival.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The two biographical notes describe Tang helping Li Yi out after the beating and supplying medicine, and intervening so that Hua Yu escaped execution after offending a tax supervisor.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The biographical text confirms the episodes involving Li Yi and Hua Yu.
  18. [18] Hanlin evaluation While in charge of Hanlin affairs, Tang refused a request by a governing official to shield one person during an official evaluation.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The biographical note says that during the evaluation of officials, a member of the governing body sought to protect one person and Tang refused.
  19. [19] Correspondence one His correspondence included Chen Jiru, Lu Shusheng, Dong Qichang, Wang Tu, Yang Daobin, Wang Xijue, and Wang Heng.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The letter relationships are marked as letters sent and name Chen Jiru, Lu Shusheng, Dong Qichang, Wang Tu, Yang Daobin, Wang Xijue, and Wang Heng.
  20. [20] Correspondence two His correspondence also included Zhu Wubi, Zeng Chaojie, Zhang Xianwen, Gu Longzhen, Liu Weiji, Zhao Biao, Quan Tianxu, and Shen Shilai.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The letter relationships are marked as letters sent and name Zhu Wubi, Zeng Chaojie, Zhang Xianwen, Gu Longzhen, Liu Weiji, Zhao Biao, Quan Tianxu, and Shen Shilai.
  21. [21] Received correspondence He received letters from Feng Shike, Lu Shusheng, He Sanwei, and Dai Shilin, as well as reply letters from Feng Mengzhen, Feng Qi, and Li Tingji.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The relationships identify letters received from Feng Shike, Lu Shusheng, He Sanwei, and Dai Shilin, and reply letters from Feng Mengzhen, Feng Qi, and Li Tingji.
  22. [22] Death Tang Wenxian died in office on the fifteenth day of the third month of Wanli 33, in 1605.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The principal record gives 1605 as his death year and the biographical note says that he died in office.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile gives 1605, while the biographical text supplies the Wanli thirty-third-year date and the fifteenth day of the third month.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority record limits his death to the year 1605.
    • WikidataTang Wenxian (Q10922795)The item description and death-date claim likewise point to 1605.
  23. [23] Posthumous honors After his death he was granted the rank of Minister of Rites, honored as Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and given the posthumous name Wenke.
    • CBDBTang Wenxian (123861)The office and name entries list Minister of Rites and the posthumous name Wenke, while the biographical note states that the rank was granted after death.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)The profile and title list include Minister of Rites and Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, while the biographical entry gives the posthumous honors and name.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority summary gives the posthumous name Wenke.
  24. [24] Writings His works include the fifteen-volume Zhanxingtang ji.
    • Souyun唐文獻 (44300)All three biographical entries list Zhanxingtang ji.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database唐文獻 (A011345)The authority summary specifies that Zhanxingtang ji comprises fifteen volumes.