Luo Congyan

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was precocious as a child and did not occupy himself with the learning of words and texts; as he grew up he disciplined himself rigorously and set his heart on seeking the Way.[3] He first studied under Wu Guohua,[4] began studying under Yang Shi in the second year of Zhenghe (1112),[5] and also sought instruction from Cheng Yi, at one point selling his fields and carrying grain to Luoyang to meet him.[6] He was named together with Yang Shi and Li Tong as one of the "Three Masters of Nanjian."[7]

In the fourth year of Jianyan (1130) he was appointed registrar of Boluo County in Huizhou by special examination; one account dates the appointment to the second year of Shaoxing (1132) and gives the office as county sheriff.[8] He later retired to Mount Luofu, where he sat in meditation and pursued his studies, giving up all thought of an official career.[9] He died in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135), aged sixty-four.[10]

Scholarship and writings

Luo Congyan was known for Neo-Confucian learning and was also regarded as a thinker; in classical studies he specialized in the Spring and Autumn Annals.[11] Zhu Xi esteemed him and privately adopted his learning, and said of Yang Shi that although many scholars had studied at his gate, Luo Congyan alone thought deeply, worked hard, bore heavy responsibility, and reached the utmost.[12]

His works include the Maoshi jie (毛詩解), Chunqiu jie (春秋解), Chunqiu zhigui (春秋指歸), Zhongyong shuo (中庸説), Yumeng jie (語孟解), Yilun yaoyu (議論要語), Sheng Song zun Yao lu (聖宋遵堯録) and Taiheng lu (台衡録); the Yilun yaoyu and Sheng Song zun Yao lu survive.[13] His collected works, the Yuzhang wenji (豫章文集), also entitled Yuzhang Luo xiansheng wenji (豫章羅先生文集), run to seventeen juan.[14]

Family and associates

His father was Luo Shenji;[15] Luo You, a member of his lineage, was adopted as his heir.[16] Li Yu, Xiao Yi and Chen Yan were his fellow students under Yang Shi, and Liao Ya was a friend.[17] Li Tong was his pupil.[18]

Posthumous honours and later transmission

In the Chunyou period he received the posthumous name Wenzhi, variant records giving Wenzhen or Wenjing;[19] Yang Dong petitioned for the posthumous title, and Zhou Tan and Chen Xie wrote opinions on it.[20] Later prefaces to the Yuzhang wenji were written by Ke Qian, Zhang Boxing, Shen Han and Feng Mengde, among others; Lin Biaomin and Huang Daren wrote colophons to his surviving drafts,[21] Shi Gongzhe, Gao Side and Liu Yunji composed sacrificial addresses, and Mao Nianshi compiled the Luo Yuzhang xiansheng shishi.[22]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown1
OfficeEraPosting
縣主簿Era unknown博羅

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父羅神繼–
過繼的嗣子羅友–
族子羅友–

AliasesCBDB

  • 仲素 字
  • 文貞 諡號
  • 文質 諡號
  • 文靖 諡號
  • 豫章先生 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 理學家
  • 經學家—春秋
  • 士人
  • 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
廖衙友1131–
楊時為楊時之門人1131–
吳儀為吳儀之學生–
朱熹學生為朱熹–
李侗學生為李侗1131–
詹體仁書序由詹體仁所作–
張伯行書序由張伯行所作–
柯潛書序由柯潛所作–
馮夢得書序由馮夢得所作–
沈涵書序由沈涵所作–
林表民書跋由林表民所作–
黃大任書跋由黃大任所作–
司馬光為司馬光所著書作跋–
王蕃為王蕃所著書作跋–
楊時為楊時所著書作跋–
陳瓘為陳瓘所著書作跋–
王詵為王詵所著書作跋–
朱松為朱松所著書作跋–
李布為李布所著書作跋–
李布為李布所著書作跋–
林逋為林逋所著書作跋–
朱熹節行為朱熹所稱道–
李大耕為李大耕作字說、名述–
李郁同學、同門–
蕭顗同學、同門–
陳彥同學、同門–
毛念恃傳記作者為毛念恃–
富弼為富弼作傳–
韓琦為韓琦作傳–
寇準為寇準作傳–
司馬光為司馬光作傳–
杜衍為杜衍作傳–
王曾為王曾作傳–
程顥為程顥作傳–
陳瓘為陳瓘作傳–
范仲淹為范仲淹作傳–
李沆為李沆作傳–
王旦為王旦作傳–
石公轍祭文由石公轍所作–
高斯得祭文由高斯得所作–
劉允濟祭文由劉允濟所作–
楊棟諡議由楊棟所作–
周坦諡議由周坦所作–
陳協諡議由陳協所作–
任宗易為任宗易作硯銘–
朱熹其學為朱熹所私淑–
陳淵致書陳淵–
李侗被致書由李侗–
陳淵收到陳淵的答書–
朱松為朱松之建築物題詠、記、命名–
劉允濟被劉允濟奏論–

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
豫章文集

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates and period Luo Congyan was a Song-dynasty Neo-Confucian, born in 1072 and dying in 1135.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB gives his name as Luo Congyan, his birth year as 1072, his death year as 1135, and his dynasty as Song, and records his status as a Neo-Confucian.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records his dates as 1072–1135 and calls him a man of Song; the person record likewise gives his name, birth year 1072, death year 1135 and the Song period.
    • WikidataLuo Congyan (Q11608582)Wikidata gives his name as Luo Congyan, with birth year 1072 and death year 1135.
  2. [2] Courtesy name, sobriquet and native place His courtesy name was Zhongsu and he was known as Mr. Yuzhang; his native place is given as Jianpu in Nanjian Prefecture, or alternatively Luoyuan.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records his courtesy name as Zhongsu, his sobriquet as Mr. Yuzhang, and his native place as Jianpu, with Nanjian Prefecture as an alternative.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian makes him a native of Jianpu in Nanjian Prefecture, courtesy name Zhongsu, known as Mr. Yuzhang; the Quan Song shi makes him a native of Luoyuan (in present-day Fujian), known to scholars as Mr. Yuzhang; the Quan Song wen places him in Yanping, Nanjian Prefecture (present-day Nanping, Fujian).
    • WikidataLuo Congyan (Q11608582)Wikidata lists Zhongsu and Mr. Yuzhang among his aliases.
  3. [3] Early years He was precocious, avoided mere word-and-text learning, and devoted himself to the Way.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song wen records that he was precocious and did not occupy himself with the learning of words and texts, and that as he grew up he disciplined himself and set his heart on the Way.
  4. [4] Study under Wu Guohua He first studied under Wu Guohua, whose name CBDB gives as Wu Yi.
  5. [5] Study under Yang Shi Quan Song shi dates the start of his study under Yang Shi to Zhenghe 2 (1112); CBDB dates its record of the discipleship to 1131.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song shi dates his first study under Yang Shi to the second year of Zhenghe (1112); the Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian and the Quan Song wen also record his study under Yang Shi.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records him as a disciple of Yang Shi, dated 1131.
  6. [6] Study under Cheng Yi He also studied under Cheng Yi, once carrying grain to Luoyang to meet him.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records that he also studied under Cheng Yi; the Quan Song wen records that he sold his fields and carried grain to Luoyang to meet Cheng Yi.
  7. [7] Three Masters of Nanjian He was named with Yang Shi and Li Tong as one of the Three Masters of Nanjian.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song wen records that he was named together with Yang Shi and Li Tong as the "Three Masters of Nanjian".
  8. [8] Appointment at Boluo He received a special-examination appointment as registrar of Boluo County in Huizhou; the sources date it to 1130 or 1132, and one account gives the office as county sheriff.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records that in the fourth year of Jianyan he received the office of registrar of Boluo by special examination; the Quan Song wen likewise dates the appointment to the fourth year of Jianyan and gives the office as registrar of Boluo county, Huizhou; the Quan Song shi dates it to the second year of Shaoxing (1132) and notes one account giving the office as county sheriff.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that he served as county registrar of Boluo.
  9. [9] Retreat to Mount Luofu He retired to Mount Luofu to meditate and study, renouncing office.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records that he afterwards entered Mount Luofu to sit in meditation and study, having given up any thought of office.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that he sat in meditation on Mount Luofu and gave up all thought of office.
  10. [10] Death He died in 1135 at the age of sixty-four; Quan Song wen says he died in office.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song shi records that he died in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135) at the age of sixty-four; the Quan Song wen says he died in office at sixty-four; the Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian gives his dates as 1072–1135.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB gives his death year as 1135.
    • WikidataLuo Congyan (Q11608582)Wikidata gives his death year as 1135.
  11. [11] Scholarly identity He was known as a Neo-Confucian and a thinker, and as a classicist of the Spring and Autumn Annals.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records him as a Neo-Confucian, a thinker and a scholar-gentleman, and as a classicist of the Spring and Autumn Annals.
  12. [12] Zhu Xi's esteem Zhu Xi esteemed him and privately adopted his learning, remarking that among Yang Shi's many disciples Luo alone thought deeply and bore the weight to the utmost; CBDB also lists Zhu Xi as his student and derives Zhu Xi's learning from Li Tong and Luo Congyan.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records that he was esteemed by Zhu Xi; the Quan Song shi preserves Zhu Xi's words on Yang Shi and his school.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that his conduct was praised by Zhu Xi and that his learning was privately adopted by Zhu Xi; it also lists Zhu Xi as his student and states that Zhu Xi's learning came from Li Tong and Luo Congyan.
  13. [13] Writings His works include eight titles listed in Quan Song wen, of which the Yilun yaoyu and Sheng Song zun Yao lu survive.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song wen lists his works, including the Maoshi jie, Chunqiu jie, Chunqiu zhigui, Zhongyong shuo, Yumeng jie, Yilun yaoyu, Sheng Song zun Yao lu and Taiheng lu, and notes that the Yilun yaoyu and Sheng Song zun Yao lu survive.
  14. [14] Collected works His collected works are known as the Yuzhang wenji, also styled Yuzhang Luo xiansheng wenji (seventeen juan).
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian records his Yuzhang wenji; the Quan Song shi records the Yuzhang Luo xiansheng wenji in seventeen juan; the Quan Song wen likewise refers to his collected works as the Yuzhang xiansheng wenji.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB lists his collected works under the title Yuzhang wenji.
  15. [15] Father His father was Luo Shenji.
  16. [16] Adopted heir Luo You, a member of his lineage, was adopted as his heir.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that Luo You was both a member of his lineage and his adopted heir.
  17. [17] Fellow students and friend Li Yu, Xiao Yi and Chen Yan were his fellow students under Yang Shi; Liao Ya was a friend.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that Li Yu, Xiao Yi and Chen Yan studied with him under Yang Shi, and that Liao Ya was a friend.
  18. [18] Pupil Li Tong was his pupil.
  19. [19] Posthumous name He received the posthumous name Wenzhi in the Chunyou period; Wenzhen and Wenjing also appear.
    • Souyun羅從彥 (30981)The Quan Song wen records that he was given the posthumous name Wenzhi in the Chunyou period; the Zhongguo lidai renming dacidian gives the posthumous name Wenzhi.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records three posthumous names: Wenzhen, Wenzhi and Wenjing.
    • WikidataLuo Congyan (Q11608582)Wikidata likewise lists Wenjing, Wenzhi and Wenzhen.
  20. [20] Posthumous-title deliberations Yang Dong petitioned for the posthumous title, and Zhou Tan and Chen Xie wrote opinions on it.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that Yang Dong wrote the petition for the posthumous title, and that Zhou Tan and Chen Xie wrote opinions on it.
  21. [21] Prefaces and colophons Prefaces to the Yuzhang wenji were written by Ke Qian, Zhang Boxing, Shen Han and Feng Mengde; Lin Biaomin and Huang Daren wrote colophons.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records prefaces to the Yuzhang wenji by Ke Qian (Ming), Zhang Boxing (Qing), Shen Han (Qing) and Feng Mengde, and colophons to his surviving drafts by Lin Biaomin and Huang Daren.
  22. [22] Sacrificial addresses and biography Shi Gongzhe, Gao Side and Liu Yunji wrote sacrificial addresses, and Mao Nianshi compiled the Luo Yuzhang xiansheng shishi.
    • CBDBLuo Congyan (25127)CBDB records that the three sacrificial addresses for him were written by Shi Gongzhe, Gao Side and Liu Yunji, and that Mao Nianshi compiled the Luo Yuzhang xiansheng shishi.