Xin Qiji

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

After the Central Plain fell at the end of the Jingkang era, Xin joined the resistance against Jin while still young.[3] In Shaoxing 31 (1161), he joined Geng Jing's loyalist army as secretary; the following year he submitted a memorial to the Song court. The emperor welcomed the army at Jiankang, appointed him secretary to the Tianping military command, and sent him with the commander's seal to summon Geng Jing.[4] Zhang Anguo, a commander under Geng Jing, murdered Geng and surrendered to Jin; Xin returned to Haizhou, led loyalist troops to the Jin camp, captured Zhang, brought him back, and was then transferred as a military judge at Jiangyin.[5]

At the beginning of the Qiandao era, Xin presented the memorial 《美芹十論》; in Qiandao 4 (1168) he became assistant prefect of Jiankang. In Qiandao 6, Emperor Xiaozong summoned him for an audience at Yanhe Hall, where he submitted a detailed memorial on the strategy of restoration, and in Qiandao 8 he became prefect of Chuzhou.[6] At Chuzhou he eased tax levies, attracted displaced people, trained local militia, and discussed tuntian.[7]

Over the following years he served as prefect of Jiangling, Longxing, and Tanzhou, and as pacification commissioner for Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan.[8] He also served as criminal justice inspector in Jiangxi, transport judge for Jingxi, criminal justice inspector in western Zhejiang, and prefect of Fuzhou with pacification responsibility in Fujian. While serving as prefect of Tanzhou and pacification commissioner for Hunan, he established the Feihu Army, which became a powerful regional force; his other appointments included Director of the Granary Section of the Ministry of Revenue, Grand Minister of the Court of the Treasury, and Junior Minister of the Court of Judicial Review.[9]

During his second term as prefect of Longxing, he was dismissed after independently diverting grain boats for famine relief.[10] In Shaoxi 2 (1191), he was recalled as inspector of criminal justice in Fujian, then became prefect of Fuzhou and pacification commissioner for Fujian, but was dismissed again soon afterward.[11] In Jiatai 3 (1203), he was recalled as prefect of Shaoxing and pacification commissioner for eastern Zhejiang, and was made a Hanlin academician-in-waiting; the following year he became prefect of Zhenjiang but soon lost office after an improper recommendation.[12] In Kaixi 3, he was summoned to the capital to present affairs and advanced to Director of the Privy Council, but died before receiving the appointment, at the age of sixty-eight; he was posthumously awarded the name Zhongmin.[13]

Family and associations

His father was Xin Wenyu; his grandfather was Xin Zan, his great-grandfather Xin Ji, and his fourth-generation ancestor Xin Shigu. His father-in-law was Fan Bangyan, his brother-in-law Fan Rushan, and his clan cousin Xin Zhu.[14] He had two concubines, Tian and Qian, and two daughters, who married Fan Yan and Chen Chengfu respectively.[15]

The family included a son, Xin 㔶, who died in 1184, as well as Xin Zhen, Xin Ju, Xin 稏, Xin Biao, Xin Rang, Xin Sui, Xin Jie, and Xin 褎, listed from eldest to eighth son.[16] Xin 稏 was born in 1181 and died in 1242, while Xin 褎 was born in 1205 and died in 1250;[17] he also had a grandson, Xin 鞬. His friends included Chen Liang, Zhu Xi, and Lu You.[18]

Thought and literary achievement

Xin made resistance to Jin and restoration his life's aims, measured himself by achievement, and was repeatedly appointed and dismissed before dying in grief and anger.[19] He was a major writer of ci and changduanju; his verse is tragic and impassioned, represents the bold and unconstrained style, and led to his being paired with Su Shi as “Su-Xin.”[20]

In late spring 1179, Xin was transferred from the Hubei to the Hunan transport commission. His colleagues held a farewell banquet for him at South Tower in Wuchang, where he composed 《水調歌頭·折盡武昌柳》 on the spot, expressing a bold, tragic, and frustrated mood.[21]

Works and transmission

His collections include 《稼軒詞》 and 《稼軒長短句》.[22]

Accounts differ on the transmission of 《稼軒集》. One says that the poetry collection was lost, while noting that Xin Qitai compiled 《稼軒集抄存》 during the Jiaqing era and Deng Guangming later expanded it as 《辛稼軒詩文抄存》; another says that 《稼軒集》 circulated.[23] Volume 401 of the 《宋史》 contains his biography, and Chen Si produced 《辛稼軒年譜》; 《辛稼軒詩文抄存》 also places newly collected poems outside the original collection in its second volume.[24]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1132 右承務郎
  2. 1161 節度掌書記 紹興
  3. 1162 簽書節度判官廳公事 紹興
  4. 1164 通判某軍事
  5. 1168 通判某府軍府事 乾道
  6. 1170 司農寺主簿
  7. 1172 右宣教郎
  8. 1172 知某州軍州事
  9. 1174 安撫使司(大使司)參議官
  10. 1174 尚書省戶部倉部司員外郎
  11. 1175 尚書省戶部倉部司郎中
  12. 1175 秘閣修撰
  13. 1175 路提點刑獄公事
  14. 1176 轉運司判官
  15. 1177 安撫使
  16. 1177 安撫使
  17. 1177 知某府軍府事
  18. 1177 知某府軍府事
  19. 1178 大理寺少卿
  20. 1178 轉運副使
  21. 1179 安撫使
  22. 1179 知某州軍州事
  23. 1179 轉運副使
  24. 1180 右文殿修撰
  25. 1180 安撫使
  26. 1180 知某州軍州事 淳熙
  27. 1181 奉議郎
  28. 1181 路提點刑獄公事
  29. 1192 路提點刑獄公事 紹熙
  30. 1193 太府寺卿
  31. 1193 安撫使
  32. 1193 朝散大夫
  33. 1193 知某州軍州事 紹熙
  34. 1193 集英殿修撰
  35. 1194 主管宮觀
  36. 1194 秘閣修撰
  37. 1198 主管宮觀 慶元
  38. 1198 集英殿修撰 慶元
  39. 1203 安撫使 嘉泰
  40. 1203 朝請大夫
  41. 1203 知某府軍府事 嘉泰
  42. 1204 寶謨閣待制
  43. 1204 提舉宮觀 嘉泰
  44. 1204 朝議大夫
  45. 1204 知某府軍府事
  46. 1205 主管宮觀 慶元
  47. 1205 朝散大夫
  48. 1205 知某府軍府事
  49. 1206 安撫使
  50. 1206 寶文閣待制
  51. 1206 知某府軍府事
  52. 1206 開國男
  53. 1207 尚書省兵部侍郎
  54. 1207 朝請大夫
  55. 1207 朝議大夫
  56. 1207 樞密院都承旨
  57. 1207 通奉大夫
  58. 1207 龍圖閣待制
  59. 1275 少師
  60. 1181 通直郎

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
右承務郎1132Era unknown
節度掌書記1161紹興天平軍節度
簽書節度判官廳公事11621164紹興江陰軍
通判某軍事11641167Era unknown廣德軍
通判某府軍府事11681170乾道建康府
司農寺主簿1170Era unknown
右宣教郎1172Era unknown
知某州軍州事11721173Era unknown滁州
安撫使司(大使司)參議官11741174Era unknown江南東路
尚書省戶部倉部司員外郎11741175Era unknown
尚書省戶部倉部司郎中11751175Era unknown
秘閣修撰11751180Era unknown
路提點刑獄公事11751176Era unknown江南西路
轉運司判官11761177Era unknown京西南路
安撫使11771177Era unknown荊湖北路
安撫使11771178Era unknown江南西路
知某府軍府事11771177Era unknown江陵府
知某府軍府事11771178Era unknown隆興府
大理寺少卿11781178Era unknown
轉運副使11781179Era unknown荊湖北路
安撫使11791180Era unknown荊湖南路
知某州軍州事11791180Era unknown潭州
轉運副使11791179Era unknown荊湖南路
右文殿修撰11801181Era unknown
安撫使11801181Era unknown江南西路
知某州軍州事11801181淳熙隆興府
奉議郎1181Era unknown
路提點刑獄公事11811181Era unknown江南西路
通直郎1181Era unknown
路提點刑獄公事11921193紹熙福建路
太府寺卿11931193Era unknown
安撫使11931194Era unknown福建路
朝散大夫1193Era unknown
知某州軍州事11931194紹熙福州
集英殿修撰11931194Era unknown
主管宮觀11941196Era unknown建寧府
秘閣修撰11941195Era unknown
主管宮觀1198慶元建寧府
集英殿修撰1198慶元
安撫使12031203嘉泰兩浙東路
朝請大夫1203Era unknown
知某府軍府事12031203嘉泰紹興府
寶謨閣待制1204Era unknown
提舉宮觀12041204嘉泰
朝議大夫12041205Era unknown
知某府軍府事12041205Era unknown鎮江府
主管宮觀1205慶元建寧府
朝散大夫12051207Era unknown
知某府軍府事12051205Era unknown隆興府
安撫使12061206Era unknown
寶文閣待制12061207Era unknown
知某府軍府事12061206Era unknown江陵府
開國男1206Era unknown
尚書省兵部侍郎12071207Era unknown
朝請大夫12071207Era unknown
朝議大夫1207Era unknown
樞密院都承旨1207Era unknown
通奉大夫1207Era unknown
龍圖閣待制1207Era unknown
少師1275Era unknown
Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
主管宮觀Era unknownUnknown
光祿大夫紹定Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
高祖;四世祖辛師古–
曾祖辛寂–
祖父辛贊–
父辛文郁–
岳父范邦彥–
妻兄范如山1130–1196
族弟辛助–
妾田氏(辛棄疾妾)–
妾錢氏(辛棄疾妾)–
女兒辛氏(范炎妻)–
女兒辛氏(陳成父妻)–
子辛㔶–1184
長子; 第一子辛稹–
次子辛秬–
三子辛稏1181–1242
四子辛穮–
五子辛穰–
六子辛穟–
七子辛秸–
八子辛褎1205–1250
孫辛鞬1209–1172

AliasesCBDB

  • 坦夫 字
  • 幼安 字
  • 忠敏 諡號
  • 稼軒居士 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 書法家
  • 士人
  • 義軍首領
  • 詩人
  • 歸正人
  • 文人
  • 詞人
  • 熟諳兵法韜略、軍事家
  • [為官者:文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
陳亮友–
朱熹友1199–
陸游友–
姜夔友–
鄧林友–
趙善珏彈劾1180–
黃茂材彈劾1178–
王藺被王藺彈劾–
黃艾被黃艾彈劾–
何澹被何澹彈劾–
謝深甫被謝深甫彈劾1194–
羅願推薦–
葉衡被葉衡推薦–
朱權欣賞/器重–
劉瞻為劉瞻之學生–
劉克莊書序由劉克莊所作1199–
劉辰翁書序由劉辰翁所作1199–
汪莘書序由汪莘所作1199–
謝枋得墓誌銘由謝枋得所作–
陳亮書跋由陳亮所作–
袁桷書跋由袁桷所作–
趙善括文風為趙善括所效法–
趙汝鐩幕僚為趙汝鐩1203–
楊冠卿相唱和–
韓玉相唱和–
陳德明相唱和–
党懷英同學、同門–
周必大傳記作者為周必大–
呂祖謙為呂祖謙作祭文–
周孚祝詞由周孚所作–
張安國逮捕–
趙充夫為趙充夫作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1190–
辛助為辛助作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1188–
杜斿與杜斿遊1199–
陳成父禮待–
袁説友向袁説友致賀1202–
陳亮畫贊(畫像記)由陳亮所作–
徐元傑畫贊(畫像記)由徐元傑所作–
劉過致書劉過–
陳亮被致書由陳亮–
陸九淵被致書由陸九淵–
黃榦被致書由黃榦–
朱熹收到朱熹的答啓–
杜旃收到杜旃的贈詩、文1188–
陳亮建築物得到陳亮的題詠、記、命名–
崔敦禮建築物得到崔敦禮的題詠、記、命名–
周孚建築物得到周孚的題詠、記、命名–
戴表元學記(書院記)由戴表元所作–
袁桷詩文跋由袁桷所作–
耿京上司為耿京–
傅大聲下屬為傅大聲–
趙希懌下屬為趙希懌–
楊岳為友人提供幫助–
田氏(辛棄疾妾)為田氏(辛棄疾妾)取名、字–
錢氏(辛棄疾妾)為錢氏(辛棄疾妾)取名、字–
周孚刊刻周孚之著述–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
歸明歸正補官

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
阿計替傳
稼軒詞
稼軒集

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates Xin Qiji was a Southern Song ci poet and political figure, known also for military expertise, and lived from 1140 to 1207.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The basic person record supplies the name and dates and classifies him as a poet and military specialist.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographical entry identifies him as a Southern Song ci poet and gives the 1140–1207 lifespan.
    • WikidataXin Qiji (Q1155987)The entity label and descriptions confirm his name, political and poetic identity, and the two life years.
  2. [2] Names and origin His courtesy names, sobriquet, and origin are given as Tanfu, You'an, Jiaxuan or Jiaxuan Jushi, and Licheng in Qizhou.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The name and address records give Tanfu, You'an, Jiaxuan Jushi, and Licheng.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies state that Tanfu was changed to You'an, give the Jiaxuan sobriquet, and place him in Qizhou Licheng near modern Jinan.
    • WikidataXin Qiji (Q1155987)The alias claims independently list You'an, Tanfu, and Jiaxuan Jushi.
  3. [3] Early resistance After the fall of the Central Plain, Xin joined the anti-Jin resistance while still young.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biography says that after the Central Plain fell at the end of Jingkang, he led resistance against Jin in his youth.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The status list identifies him as a leader of a loyalist army.
  4. [4] Service under Geng Jing In 1161 Xin joined Geng Jing as secretary, returned to the Song the next year, and received the Tianping military command secretaryship.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biography gives the Shaoxing 31 entry into Geng Jing's force, the following year's return to the Song, the Jiankang reception, and the appointment under Tianping.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The office record dates his Tianping command secretaryship to 1161.
  5. [5] Capture of Zhang Anguo After Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and defected to Jin, Xin captured him and was transferred to a post at Jiangyin.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biography recounts Zhang Anguo's defection, Xin's return to Haizhou and capture of Zhang, and the subsequent Jiangyin appointment.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The office record gives the 1162 Jiangyin appointment as a signed military judicial post.
  6. [6] Memorials and early offices Xin presented 《美芹十論》, served at Jiankang, received an imperial audience, memorialized a restoration strategy, and became prefect of Chuzhou.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies record the Meiqin memorial, the Qiandao 4 Jiankang appointment, the Qiandao 6 audience and memorial, and the Qiandao 8 Chuzhou appointment.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The office records confirm the Jiankang and Chuzhou postings and their dates.
  7. [7] Chuzhou administration At Chuzhou he eased tax levies, attracted displaced people, trained militia, and discussed tuntian.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographical account lists his tax, resettlement, militia, and tuntian measures at Chuzhou.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The office address identifies the Chuzhou posting.
  8. [8] Provincial offices Xin served as prefect of Jiangling, Longxing, and Tanzhou and as pacification commissioner in Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies list the three prefectures and the Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan pacification commissions.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment records give the prefectural posts and the Hubei, Jiangxi, and Hunan addresses for the pacification offices.
  9. [9] Other regional and central appointments He also held criminal justice, transport, Fuzhou, Fujian, revenue, treasury, and judicial review posts.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies list the Jiangxi, Jingxi, western Zhejiang, Fuzhou, and Fujian offices, as well as the Feihu Army and its regional strength.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment records supply the regional criminal justice, transport, Fuzhou, Fujian, Tanzhou, revenue, treasury, and judicial review offices.
  10. [10] Dismissal after famine relief During his second term at Longxing, Xin was dismissed after diverting grain boats for famine relief without authorization.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biography gives the unauthorized grain-boat relief action and the resulting dismissal.
  11. [11] Fujian service In Shaoxi 2 he was recalled to criminal justice service in Fujian, became prefect of Fuzhou and pacification commissioner, and was dismissed again.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies give the Shaoxi 2 recall, the Fujian and Fuzhou appointments, and the subsequent dismissal.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment records confirm the Fujian criminal justice, Fuzhou, and Fujian pacification posts.
  12. [12] Shaoxing and Zhenjiang In 1203 Xin returned as prefect of Shaoxing and pacification commissioner for eastern Zhejiang, received an honorific appointment, then lost office at Zhenjiang after an improper recommendation.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies record the Jiatai 3 Shaoxing and eastern Zhejiang appointments, the Bao-mo honorific, the Zhenjiang appointment, and the later dismissal.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment records list Shaoxing, eastern Zhejiang, Bao-mo, and Zhenjiang offices.
  13. [13] Death and posthumous title Summoned in Kaixi 3, Xin was advanced to a Privy Council post but died before taking it up at age sixty-eight and was posthumously awarded Zhongmin.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies jointly give the summons, Privy Council advancement, death before appointment, age sixty-eight, and posthumous title.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment record gives the Privy Council post and the name record identifies Zhongmin as a posthumous title.
  14. [14] Ancestry and in-laws His recorded family connections include his father, three earlier ancestors, father-in-law, brother-in-law, and clan cousin.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The kinship entries name Xin Wenyu, Xin Zan, Xin Ji, Xin Shigu, Fan Bangyan, Fan Rushan, and Xin Zhu and specify their relationships.
  15. [15] Concubines and daughters Two concubines and two daughters are listed, with the daughters married to Fan Yan and Chen Chengfu.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The kinship entries identify the two concubines and the two daughters through their marital relationships.
  16. [16] Children The family entries list Xin 㔶 and eight sons in order from eldest to eighth.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The kinship entries name Xin 㔶 and identify Xin Zhen through Xin 褎 as eldest, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth sons.
  17. [17] Children's dates The entries give the birth and death years of Xin 稏 and Xin 褎.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The kinship entries give the birth and death years for Xin 稏 and Xin 褎.
  18. [18] Grandson and friends The family entries name a grandson, and the association entries identify Chen Liang, Zhu Xi, and Lu You as friends.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The kinship entry names Xin 鞬 as a grandson, while the association entries classify Chen Liang, Zhu Xi, and Lu You as friends.
  19. [19] Political aims Xin made resistance to Jin and restoration his life's aims, valued achievement, and experienced repeated appointments and dismissals before dying in grief and anger.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The biographies describe his resistance to Jin, commitment to restoration and achievement, repeated reversals in office, and death in grief and anger.
  20. [20] Ci style His ci and changduanju were tragic and impassioned, representative of the bold and unconstrained style, and associated with the name Su-Xin alongside Su Shi.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The literary descriptions call his long-and-short lines tragic and intense, identify him with the bold style, and pair him with Su Shi as Su-Xin.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The status entries classify him as a ci poet, poet, and literary figure.
  21. [21] Wuchang farewell poem In 1179 he moved from the Hubei to the Hunan transport commission and composed 《水調歌頭·折盡武昌柳》 at a farewell banquet in Wuchang.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The entry dates the transfer to late spring 1179 and describes the Wuchang farewell banquet, poem, and emotional tone.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The appointment records list transport commissioner posts in the Hubei and Hunan circuits.
  22. [22] Ci collections The transmitted collection titles include 《稼軒詞》 and 《稼軒長短句》.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The literary entries name 《稼軒詞》 and 《稼軒長短句》 among his works.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The text title list includes 稼軒詞.
  23. [23] Transmission of Jiaxuan Ji The accounts disagree over whether 《稼軒集》 was lost or circulated, while also describing later compilations of his poetry.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The two texts give opposing statements about the loss or circulation of 《稼軒集》 and mention the later compilations by Xin Qitai and Deng Guangming.
    • CBDBXin Qiji (30359)The text title list also contains 稼軒集.
  24. [24] Biography and poetry scholarship The record of later transmission cites a biography in volume 401 of the 《宋史》, Chen Si's 《辛稼軒年譜》, and a second volume of poems collected outside the main corpus.
    • Souyun辛棄疾 (32928)The work history names the biography in volume 401 of the 《宋史》, Chen Si's 《辛稼軒年譜》, and the second-volume arrangement of poems outside the main collection.