Gao Shi

TimelineCBDB

1. 753 節度使掌書記 天寶
2. 753 衛兵曹 天寶
3. 756 州刺史 至德
4. 758 太子少詹事 乾元
5. 759 州刺史 乾元
6. 759 監察御史
7. 760 州刺史 乾元
8. 762 州刺史 寶應
9. 763 節度使 廣德

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 忠 諡號
• 達夫 字
• 高三十五 行第
• 高常侍 未詳

StatusCBDB

• 詩人
• 文人
• [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Life dates and identity Gao Shi is identified as a Tang poet and official, with death in 765. The main birth date is about 700, but the evidence also preserves 699, 701, 702, 706, and 707 as alternatives.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The main record identifies Gao Shi, gives 700 and 765 as the birth and death years, places him in the Tang, and classifies him as a poet, writer, and literary official.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile and biographical entries place Gao Shi in the Tang period and use about 700–765 as the principal range, while one entry lists several alternative birth years.
   • WikidataGao Shi (Q706784)The entity is labelled Gao Shi and described as a Tang poet and official; it gives about 700–765 in Chinese, 707–765 in English, and also carries 702 and 765 date statements, so the English text preserves the birth-date variation.
2. [2] Names and posthumous title Gao Shi’s courtesy name was Dafu, with Zhongwu as an alternative; he was the thirty-fifth in birth order, received the posthumous name Zhong, and was known as Gao Changshi.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The alternate-name entries identify Dafu as the courtesy name, Zhong as the posthumous name, Gao Sanshiwu as the birth-order designation, and Gao Changshi as an established appellation.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile lists Dafu, Zhongwu, Zhong, Sanshiwu, and Gao Changshi; the biographical entries likewise record Dafu, Zhongwu, and the name Gao Changshi.
   • WikidataGao Shi (Q706784)The name records preserve the aliases Dafu, Zhong, Gao Sanshiwu, and Gao Changshi, while the statements also give Dafu, Zhongwu, and Zhong.
3. [3] Native place and commandery Gao Shi’s native place and ancestral commandery are associated with Tiao in Bohai, identified with present-day Jing County in Hebei.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The address entries identify Tiao County as both the basic native-place address and the ancestral place.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile gives Bohai Tiao, and the biographical entries call him a man of Bohai Tiao and identify the commandery as Tiao County in present-day Jing County, Hebei.
4. [4] Variant names for his father The two kin entries give different names for Gao Shi’s father, Gao Congwen and Gao Chongwen, and the text leaves the disagreement open.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The kin data contain two father relationships, one naming Gao Congwen and the other Gao Chongwen, thereby preserving a variant tradition.
5. [5] Early life Gao Shi grew up in poverty, lived in Lingnan with his father, failed to obtain office in Chang’an at about twenty, travelled through Jimen and Yan–Zhao, and later lived in Songcheng, Songzhou, among fishermen and woodcutters.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The three biographical entries describe his poverty, unsuccessful journey to Chang’an, residence in Liang–Song or Songzhou, and life among fishermen and woodcutters; one adds his stay in Lingnan with his father and travels through Jimen and Yan–Zhao.
6. [6] Examination and first appointment In 749, Zhang Jiugao recommended Gao Shi for the Youdao examination, which he passed before receiving the appointment as magistrate of Fengqiu.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The entries record recommendation and the Youdao examination, the association record identifies Zhang Jiugao as the recommender, and the office entry gives Fengqiu magistrate.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical entries date the examination to the eighth year of Tianbao, 749, and state that Zhang Jiugao recommended him for the Youdao examination and the Fengqiu appointment.
7. [7] Military staff appointment In 753, Gao Shi entered Geshu Han’s Hexi or Longyou staff, served as secretary, and held the related military-clerk post under variant titles.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The office data date the guard military-clerk and staff-secretary appointments to the twelfth year of Tianbao, 753.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile and biographies place Gao Shi in Geshu Han’s staff and use the Hexi or Longyou designation together with the secretary and Left Xiaowei clerk titles.
8. [8] Career after the rebellion began During the An Lushan rebellion, Gao Shi helped Geshu Han defend Tong Pass; after its fall he reached the travelling court and held the offices of Left Reminder, Investigating Censor, Palace Censor, Admonition Grandee, and military governor of Huainan.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The office data list Investigating Censor, Palace Censor, Admonition Grandee, and the Huainan military-governor post.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile and biographies describe his Left Reminder, Admonition Grandee, and Huainan appointments and his flight to the travelling court after Tong Pass fell.
9. [9] Provincial appointments Gao Shi then served as Junior Chamberlain of the Heir Apparent and in the eastern capital, followed by prefectures at Pengzhou in 759 and Shuzhou in 760.
   • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The office data list Junior Chamberlain of the Heir Apparent and the prefectures of Pengzhou and Shuzhou, dating the latter appointments to 758–760 and identifying the prefectural locations.
   • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile and biographies record the Junior Chamberlain appointment, service in the eastern capital, and the Peng and Shu prefectures.
10. [10] Jiannan and final offices In 763 Gao Shi became military governor of Jiannan Xichuan and also held responsibility for Dongchuan; recalled in 764, he became Vice Minister of Justice, Left Cavalier-attendant-in-ordinary, and Marquis of Bohai County.
    • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The office data list Vice Minister of Justice, Jiannan Xichuan military governor, and Left Cavalier-attendant-in-ordinary, dating the Jiannan appointment to 763.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The profile lists Jiannan Xichuan, concurrent Dongchuan, Vice Minister of Justice, and attendant offices; the biographies add the 763 appointment, the 764 recall to Chang’an, and the enfeoffment as Marquis of Bohai County.
11. [11] Death and posthumous honors Gao Shi died in Chang’an in the first month of Yongtai 1, 765, and was posthumously granted the rank of Minister of Rites and the name Zhong.
    • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The main record gives the death year as 765 and the alternate-name record gives the posthumous name Zhong.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical entries state that he died in Chang’an in the first month, received the posthumous grant of Minister of Rites, and was named Zhong; another entry identifies the year as Yongtai 1.
    • WikidataGao Shi (Q706784)The date statement gives the death year as 765.
12. [12] Frontier travel and associations Gao Shi crossed the frontier three times, associated with Li Bai and Du Fu, and is also listed as a friend of Yu Ti.
    • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The association data identify Du Fu and Yu Ti as friends of Gao Shi.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographies state that Gao Shi crossed the frontier three times and associated with Li Bai and Du Fu.
13. [13] Late commitment to poetry After the age of fifty, during the Tianbao era, Gao Shi began to attend seriously to poetry; his style changed within a few years and his poems were circulated by admirers.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical passage says that during Tianbao, after the age of fifty, Gao Shi began to attend to poetry, changed his poetic manner within several years, and had each piece recited by admirers.
14. [14] Frontier poetry Gao Shi wrote on frontier and military life, produced more than forty frontier poems, was paired with Cen Shen as a representative of High Tang frontier poetry, and was especially praised for Yan Ge xing.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical and critical entries describe his frontier poetry, give more than forty such poems, pair him with Cen Shen, and single out Yan Ge xing for praise.
15. [15] Poetic style Gao Shi’s poetry is direct and forceful, marked by qigu and a tragic, substantial tone; its seven-character archaic and song forms are vigorous, its five-character regulated verse forceful, and its seven-character regulated verse more calm and full.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The critical passages characterize his poetry as direct and forceful, tragic, and rich in qigu; they discuss the vigor of the seven-character archaic and song forms, the force of the five-character regulated form, and the more measured quality of the seven-character regulated form.
16. [16] Critical reception Yin Fan praised Gao Shi’s poetry as widely admired, Du Fu compared it with the Cao–Liu tradition, and Weng Fanggang praised its plain maturity; later critics also distinguished Gao Shi’s style from Cen Shen’s.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The critical entries preserve the assessments by Yin Fan, Du Fu, and Weng Fanggang and explicitly compare the different poetic styles of Gao Shi and Cen Shen.
17. [17] Collections Gao Yun ji was lost; Gao Changshi ji was transmitted in later editions, with a ten-volume form also reported, and Gao Shi ji and Gao Changshi shiji are also recorded titles.
    • CBDBGao Shi (30851)The works entries list the titles Gao Changshi ji, Gao Changshi shiji, and Gao Shi ji.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical entries say that Gao Yun ji in twenty volumes was lost, that later editors transmitted Gao Changshi ji, and that a ten-volume edition was in circulation; the original entries preserve variant title forms.
18. [18] Surviving poems and editions More than two hundred poems survive, mostly from before Gao Shi’s rise; they have broad subjects and substantial content, while the Tang poetry anthologies arrange or supplement the corpus and later scholars produced annotated editions.
    • Souyun高適 (21646)The biographical entry gives more than two hundred surviving poems, says that most were composed before his prominence, describes their range and depth, records four volumes in Quan Tang shi, twelve additional poems and four fragments in its supplements, and names the editions by Liu Kaiyang and Sun Qinshan.