Xu Xiangqing

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His birth and death dates are generally given as 1479–1557; one account leaves his death year unknown, while another gives the exact dates 1 October 1479 and 2 September 1557.[3]

Xu came from the Xu family of Haining. His recorded lineage included Xu Shun as a fourth-generation ancestor, Xu Zhen as great-grandfather, Xu Xun as grandfather, and Xu Zi as father; his mother was Lady Yu and his stepmother Lady Ju.[4] He had six younger brothers—Xu Shiqing, Xu Qiangqing, Xu Huaiqing, Xu Caiqing, Xu Ganqing, and Xu Tongqing—as well as a wife surnamed Shen, a second wife surnamed Li, a son, Xu Wenzao, and a grandson, Xu Dunjian.[5]

He first held the status of a licentiate and placed forty-first in the Zhejiang provincial examination of 1507, the second year of the Zhengde era. In 1517, the twelfth year of Zhengde, he ranked 267th in the metropolitan examination and 112th, in the second class, in the palace examination.[6] He then underwent observation service in the Censorate; after the accession of the Jiajing Emperor, he was selected in the eighth month of 1521 to serve as a remonstrator in the Military Section (兵科給事中), a post he held for about three years while repeatedly submitting memorials.[7]

In office he memorialized against the illegal redemption of crimes with money by the eunuchs Zhang Rui and Zhang Zhong, opposed the succession to office of Zhang Qin’s adopted son, and defended the upright official Lin Jun after he was slandered. He also argued that the sons of meritorious officials received fewer hereditary appointments than eunuch servants; his language was so pointed that he reproached the emperor as arrogant and indolent, leaving the entire court stunned, although his arguments were not heeded.[8]

Not long afterward, he requested leave on grounds of illness and returned home. Accounts differ about what followed: one career record places his restoration as a remonstrator in the Ritual Section in 1539, while another says that the 1529 decree removing officials who had been ill for more than three years but did not report to the capital left Xu dismissed and inactive, after which he did not return to office.[9]

Retirement and associations

After withdrawing to Haiyan, Xu moved from Ziyun Village to Chamoshan south of the village because of the scenery, cut through rock to draw water, and laid out plots for tea. He rode a yellow ox in a short rain cape and high hat, with two cranes following him through the valleys. During a heavy snow he climbed to the summit of Yunxiu to compose a poem, and people who saw him took him for an immortal, prompting the sobriquet Yuncun Laoren. He later bought a mountain at Yong’an Lake and established the Yuntao Estate at Duqugang; later generations consequently called the mountain Jiuqi.[10]

More than ten people recommended him for office, but he declined them all. He lived in seclusion for forty years without once entering a city, and Xia Yan held him in the highest esteem.[11]

After Xia Yan took power, he summoned Xu to return to office, but Xu declined. When Xia later passed through Jiahe, he wrote to Xu to ask whether he should proceed; officials at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels waited in boats along the route. Wearing a Ge cap and a li belt, Xu went to meet him in a small boat and said only that it was regrettable that Li Changyuan had been made an observation judge. Xia rose and thanked him, saying that he would submit a resignation memorial; Xu soon beat a drum and turned his boat back, the attendants dispersed, and Xia, angered by the episode, failed to resign and eventually died in a disaster.[12]

Poetry and works

Xu’s poetry is described as cool and sinewy, and his Huangmen ji circulated in his time.[13] Other bibliographic titles include Yuntun wenji (雲屯文集), Shihan fangjia (史漢方駕), Xu Xiangqing quanji (許相卿全集), in twenty-six juan, Yuncun ji (雲邨集), in ten juan, Ge chao zhi (革朝志), in ten juan, another Yuncun ji (雲村集), in fourteen juan, and Xu shi yimou sizhe (許氏貽謀四則), in one juan; the two Yuncun titles differ in both wording and length.[14]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1521 兵科給事中 正德
  2. 1539 禮科給事中 嘉靖

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
兵科給事中15211523正德
禮科給事中1539嘉靖

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
高祖;四世祖許橓–
曾祖許禎–
祖父許紃–
父許滋–
母俞氏(許相卿母)–
弟許栻卿–
弟許檣卿–
弟許槐卿–
弟許材卿–
弟許榦卿–
弟許桐卿–
妻子沈氏(許相卿妻)–
第二任妻李氏(許相卿繼妻)–
子許聞造–
孫許敦儉–
繼母居氏(許相卿繼母)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 九杞 室名、別號
  • 二 行第
  • 伯台 字
  • 伯臺 字
  • 台仲 字
  • 雲村老人 室名、別號
  • 雲邨 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 詩人
  • 理學家 — 陽明學派
  • [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
張福為張福之學生–
朱朴為朱朴所著書作序-9999–
陳與郊書序由陳與郊所作–
許相卿墓誌銘由許相卿所作–
許相卿為許相卿作墓誌銘–
沈南金為沈南金作墓誌銘–
沈南金為沈南金作墓誌銘–
吳鼎為吳鼎作墓誌銘–
吳鼎為吳鼎作墓誌銘–
祝繼龍為祝繼龍作墓誌銘–
徐咸為徐咸作墓誌銘–
董澐為董澐作墓誌銘–
朱朴相唱和-9999–
馮皐謨傳記作者為馮皐謨–
吳昂為吳昂作祭文–
吳昂為吳昂作祭文–
吳鼎為吳鼎作祭文–
吳鼎為吳鼎作祭文–
邵銳為邵銳作祭文–
祝繼龍為祝繼龍作祭文–
董澐為董澐作祭文–
韓邦奇為韓邦奇作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
韓邦奇為韓邦奇作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
吳巖為吳巖作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
許聞造年譜由許聞造所作–
胡世寧為胡世寧作神道碑–
胡世寧為胡世寧作神道碑–
陸廣為陸廣作墓表–
許聞造行狀由許聞造所作–
王守仁被致書由王守仁–
王守仁被致書由王守仁–
王守仁被致書由王守仁–
王守仁被致書由王守仁1517–
邢霖贈詩、文–
邢霖贈詩、文–
吳鼎收到吳鼎的贈詩、文–
查約為查約所作詩文作序–
婁志德稱道婁志德之政績–
婁志德稱道婁志德之政績–
朱朴刊刻朱朴之著述-9999–
劉瑞為劉瑞作祠記–
祝萃為祝萃作祠記–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
雲屯文集
史漢方駕
許相卿全集:二十六卷
雲邨集:十卷
革朝志:十卷
黃門集
雲村集:十四卷
許氏貽謀四則一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates Xu Xiangqing was born in 1479 and died in 1557. The evidence identifies him as a Ming official and poet and places him in the Yangming school of Neo-Confucianism.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The basic record identifies Xu Xiangqing as a Ming man, poet, and Yangming-school Neo-Confucian, with birth and death years 1479 and 1557.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical entries confirm the name, years, official career, and poetic identity.
    • WikidataXu Xiangqing (Q15920439)The item gives the English name, describes him as a politician, and supplies the years 1479 and 1557.
  2. [2] Names and origin His courtesy name and sobriquets are attested in several forms, and the records place his ancestral home at Haining and his later residence at Haiyan.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The name fields give Jiuqi, Botai, Taizhong, Yuncun Laoren, and Yuncun, while the address fields give Haining as the basic affiliation and Haiyan as the place of later residence.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical entries record his courtesy names, sobriquets, Haining origin, and residence in Haiyan.
    • WikidataXu Xiangqing (Q15920439)The name list independently preserves the English forms of his courtesy names and sobriquets.
  3. [3] Disputed dates The normal year range is 1479–1557, but one biographical entry leaves the death year unknown while another supplies the exact dates 1 October 1479 and 2 September 1557; the article therefore preserves the discrepancy.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The basic record gives 1479 as the birth year and 1557 as the death year.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)One entry gives 1479–? and another gives the exact dates 1 October 1479 and 2 September 1557, while the profile supplies the two years.
    • WikidataXu Xiangqing (Q15920439)The date claims give 1479 and 1557 as the birth and death years.
  4. [4] Family The recorded genealogy names his fourth-generation ancestor, great-grandfather, grandfather, parents, and stepmother.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The kinship fields identify Xu Shun as a fourth-generation ancestor, Xu Zhen as great-grandfather, Xu Xun as grandfather, Xu Zi as father, and Yu and Ju as his mother and stepmother.
  5. [5] Siblings and descendants The family record names six younger brothers, two wives, a son, and a grandson.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The kinship fields list the six younger brothers, Shen as wife, Li as second wife, Xu Wenzao as son, and Xu Dunjian as grandson.
  6. [6] Examinations Xu was a licentiate, ranked forty-first in the Zhejiang provincial examination of 1507, and later ranked 267th in the metropolitan examination and 112th in the second class of the palace examination in 1517.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The examination entries record licentiate, provincial-degree, and presented-scholar statuses and preserve the rank 41.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical entry gives the 1507 Zhejiang rank of 41, the 1517 metropolitan rank of 267, and the palace-examination result of second class, 112th.
  7. [7] Early office After his examination success, Xu served in observation at the Censorate and was appointed a Military Section remonstrator in 1521, serving for about three years and repeatedly submitting memorials.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The office record identifies the Military Section post and dates it from the sixteenth year of Zhengde to the second year of Jiajing.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical entries describe his Censorate observation, appointment after the emperor's accession, service for three years, and repeated memorials.
  8. [8] Memorials and criticism During his service as a remonstrator, Xu addressed eunuch abuses, disputed succession to office, and the slander of Lin Jun, while criticizing the unequal treatment of meritorious officials' sons; his direct language shocked the court but was not accepted.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical passages specify the cases involving Zhang Rui, Zhang Zhong, Zhang Qin's adopted son, and Lin Jun, as well as the issue of hereditary appointments and the court's reaction to Xu's remonstrances.
  9. [9] Career discrepancy The accounts disagree about the sequence of illness, dismissal, and restoration: one gives his return because of illness and dismissal under the 1529 decree, while the office data place a Ritual Section appointment in 1539.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The office data separately list a Ritual Section remonstrator appointment beginning in the eighteenth year of Jiajing, 1539.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical passages describe his illness-related return, the 1529 dismissal decree, and a restoration as Ritual Section remonstrator, leaving their sequence divergent.
  10. [10] Retirement landscape In retirement at Haiyan, Xu moved through Ziyun Village and Chamoshan, cultivated tea, adopted the sobriquet Yuncun Laoren, and established a mountain estate whose name gave rise to Jiuqi.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The address data confirm Haiyan as his later place of residence.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical passage gives the movements between Ziyun Village and Chamoshan, the tea cultivation and mountain life, the Yuncun Laoren sobriquet, and the estates at Yong'an Lake and Duqugang.
  11. [11] Seclusion and esteem Repeated recommendations did not bring Xu back to office; he remained in seclusion for forty years and was highly esteemed by Xia Yan.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The passages state that more than ten recommendations were declined, that Xu spent forty years without entering a city, and that Xia Yan esteemed him highly; they also describe Xia's later summons.
  12. [12] Meeting with Xia Yan Xu declined Xia Yan's summons, later met him at Jiahe, advised him through the allusion to Li Changyuan, and was followed by Xia's failed resignation and eventual death in disaster.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The passages describe Xia Yan's summons, the meeting at Jiahe, Xu's comment about Li Changyuan, Xia's intended resignation, the departure by boat, and Xia's later death in disaster.
  13. [13] Poetry and Huangmen ji Xu is identified as a poet whose verse was cool and sinewy, and Huangmen ji was said to circulate.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The status data identify him as a poet and the work list includes Huangmen ji.
    • Souyun許相卿 (50762)The biographical passage describes his poetry as cool and sinewy and says that Huangmen ji circulated.
  14. [14] Bibliographic titles The work list preserves titles of collections and treatises, including two Yuncun titles with different wording and lengths.
    • CBDBXu Xiangqing (34660)The work data list Yuntun wenji, Shihan fangjia, Xu Xiangqing quanji in twenty-six juan, Yuncun ji in ten juan, Ge chao zhi in ten juan, Huangmen ji, Yuncun ji in fourteen juan, and Xu shi yimou sizhe in one juan.