Tao Wangling

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was the son of Tao Chengxue (陶承學)[10], who was Nanjing Minister of Rites[11]; he was known for literary talent from an early age[12]. His family included his younger brother 陶奭齡, agnatic cousin 陶德望, elder brother 陶與齡, who died in 1585, and his adopted son 陶履平, explicitly identified as not an heir[13].

In 1585 he placed second in the Zhejiang provincial examination and was listed as a xianggong juren (鄉貢舉人)[14]. In 1589 he became a jinshi[15]; in the ji-chou metropolitan examination he ranked first and in the palace examination third[16], taking third place in the first class—the tanhua[17]. He was appointed a Hanlin compiler, participated in the compilation of the dynastic history, and[18] later rose to director of the Imperial Academy (Guozijian jijiu; 司成)[19]; his offices also included shijiang (侍講)[20]. In 1604 he left the capital and returned home[21].

In 1609, he died after being overcome by grief during mourning for his mother[22].

Learning and associations

He favored the teachings of Wang Shouren, became known for lecturing[23], studied Wang’s writings, and followed the learning of Zhou Rudeng[24]. His teachers included Li Kuiyang, Huang Xueshi, and Zhang Ying[25]. Dong Yongshi admired and valued him, while Huang Hui praised his learning[26].

He was a member of the Gong’an school[27], exchanged poems with Yuan Hongdao, traveled with him, and received poetry and prose from him[28]. He wrote prefaces for works by Li Tingji and Zhou Rudeng, and a sacrificial text for Zhou Rudeng[29]; he wrote biographies of Xu Wei, Luo Wanhua, and Chen, the wife of Tao She[30]. He also wrote tomb inscriptions for Tao Dashun, Wang Erkang, Lin Xiechun, Fan Jia, Gao Congli, Xu Yandeng, Shang Weizheng, and Zhao Tang[31], as well as xingzhuang for Tao Dashun, Zhao Jin, Wu Dui, Wang Yuanjing, Wang Jiaping, Shang Weizheng, and Qian Li[32].

Works

His works include the sixteen-volume 《歇庵集》[33], 《墨雜說》 in one volume, and 《放生辨惑》 in one volume[34]. Other works include 《解莊》 and 《水天閣集》, the latter also appearing as 《天水閣集》[35]; a collected 《陶望齡全集》 was compiled in later times[36].

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown3
OfficeEraPosting
侍講Era unknownUnknown
國子祭酒Era unknownUnknown
翰林院編修Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父陶承學1518–1598
弟陶奭齡–
從兄陶德望–
長兄陶與齡–1585
養子(非嗣子)陶履平–

AliasesCBDB

  • 周望 字
  • 文簡 諡號
  • 石簣 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
董用時欣賞/器重–
李葵陽為李葵陽之學生–
黃學士為黃學士之學生–
章頴為章頴之學生–
李廷機書序由李廷機所作–
周汝登書序由周汝登所作–
陶大順為陶大順作墓誌銘–
王爾康為王爾康作墓誌銘–
林偕春為林偕春作墓誌銘–
范檟為范檟作墓誌銘–
高從禮為高從禮作墓誌銘–
徐彥登為徐彥登作墓誌銘–
商為正為商為正作墓誌銘–
趙鏜為趙鏜作墓誌銘–
袁宏道相唱和–
袁宏道相唱和–
徐渭為徐渭作傳–
羅萬化為羅萬化作傳–
陳氏(陶設妻)為陳氏(陶設妻)作傳–
黃輝其學得到黃輝之讚揚–
李贄為李贄作祭文–
周汝登祭文由周汝登所作–
袁宏道臨別得到袁宏道所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
周汝登臨別得到周汝登所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
周汝登宗周汝登之學–
王守仁研讀王守仁的著作–
釋圓澄禮待–
陶大順為陶大順作行狀–
趙錦為趙錦作行狀–
吳兌為吳兌作行狀–
王元敬為王元敬作行狀–
王家屛為王家屛作行狀–
商為正為商為正作行狀–
錢立為錢立作行狀–
董其昌致書董其昌–
焦竑致書焦竑–
劉東星致書劉東星–
余懋衡致書余懋衡–
周汝登致書周汝登–
姜文魁致書姜文魁–
湯賓尹致書湯賓尹–
蔡獻臣致書蔡獻臣–
吳用先致書吳用先–
朱敬循致書朱敬循–
孫繼皋被致書由孫繼皋–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
許孚遠答許孚遠書–
程大約答程大約書–
何三畏答何三畏書–
陶珽答陶珽書–
孫繼皋收到孫繼皋的答書–
鄭汝璧贈詩、文–
袁宏道收到袁宏道的贈詩、文–
羅相稱道羅相之政績–
袁宏道與袁宏道旅遊–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第1甲第3名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
歇庵集:十六卷撰著者
墨雜說一卷撰著者
放生辨惑 一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name and birth The person was Tao Wangling, born in 1562.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The main person record gives the English and Chinese names and the birth year 1562.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile gives the name and birth year 1562.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The authority record names him and places his birth within 1562.
    • WikidataTao Wangling (Q15933413)The item supplies the English and traditional Chinese labels and a 1562 birth value.
  2. [2] Disputed death year The death year is given as 1609 in some records, while another account leaves it unspecified.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile and one biographical text give 1609, while another text writes the lifespan as 1562–?.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The death field places his death within 1609, and the summary gives the same year.
  3. [3] Literary identity He was a literary figure of the Ming dynasty.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile identifies the Ming dynasty, and the biography calls him a literary figure.
  4. [4] Political identity He held official posts and is also described as a political figure.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The Ming person record lists the Hanlin compiler and Imperial Academy director among his offices.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile identifies the Ming dynasty and lists compiler and Imperial Academy director among his titles.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The authority record identifies the Ming dynasty and gives his official posts.
    • WikidataTao Wangling (Q15933413)The item describes him in English as a politician.
  5. [5] Courtesy name His courtesy name was Zhou Wang.
  6. [6] Style names His style names were 歇菴 and 石簣.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The alternate-name record classifies 石簣 as a studio or style name.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile and biography give the style names 歇庵 and 石篑, corresponding to the traditional forms used here.
    • WikidataTao Wangling (Q15933413)The item records 石簣 among his names and titles.
  7. [7] Posthumous name His posthumous name was Wenjian.
  8. [8] Other name forms The authority record also preserves four additional name forms.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The authority record lists all four additional name forms.
  9. [9] Place of origin He came from Kuaiji in Zhejiang, specifically Taoyan in present-day Shaoxing.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The address records all give Kuaiji as his native or household place.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile gives Zhejiang Kuaiji, now Shaoxing, and the biography identifies Taoyan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The birth-place field gives Kuaiji.
  10. [10] Parentage Tao Wangling was the son of Tao Chengxue.
  11. [11] Father's office Tao Chengxue held the office of Nanjing Minister of Rites.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography identifies Tao Chengxue as Nanjing Minister of Rites.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The summary gives the same office for Tao Chengxue.
  12. [12] Early literary reputation He was known for literary talent from a young age.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The summary says that he had a literary reputation when young.
  13. [13] Family relations His recorded family relations include his younger brother, agnatic cousin, elder brother, and adopted son.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The kinship records list the younger brother, agnatic cousin, elder brother, and adopted son, including the elder brother's death in 1585 and the adopted son's status as not an heir.
  14. [14] Provincial examination In 1585 he placed second in the Zhejiang provincial examination and was listed as a xianggong juren.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography gives the 1585 Zhejiang provincial examination result as second place.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The examination record lists the qualification 鄉貢舉人.
  15. [15] Jinshi degree He became a jinshi in 1589.
  16. [16] Examination rankings He ranked first in the ji-chou metropolitan examination and third in the palace examination.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The examination texts give first place in the ji-chou metropolitan examination and third place in the palace examination.
  17. [17] Tanhua rank His palace-examination result was third place in the first class, the tanhua.
  18. [18] Hanlin appointment He was appointed a Hanlin compiler and participated in compiling the dynastic history.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The office record lists the Hanlin compiler post.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography records appointment as a Hanlin compiler.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The summary records both the Hanlin appointment and participation in compiling the dynastic history.
  19. [19] Imperial Academy office He later rose to director of the Imperial Academy, also called Sichen.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The office record lists Guozi jijiu, director of the Imperial Academy.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biographies state that he rose to Guozi jijiu or Guozijian jijiu.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The summary calls him Guozijian jijiu and gives the designation Sichen.
  20. [20] Shijiang office His offices also included shijiang (侍講).
  21. [21] Return from the capital He left the capital and returned home in 1604.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography says that he left the capital and returned home in 1604.
  22. [22] Death He died in 1609 after being overcome by grief during mourning for his mother.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The profile and biography give 1609 and attribute his death to grief during mourning for his mother.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The death field gives 1609, and the summary gives the same cause of death.
  23. [23] Wang Shouren and lecturing He favored Wang Shouren's teachings and became known for lecturing.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography says that he favored Wang Shouren's teachings and was known for lecturing.
  24. [24] Study and intellectual affiliation He studied Wang Shouren's writings and followed the learning of Zhou Rudeng.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The association records state that he followed Zhou Rudeng's learning and studied Wang Shouren's writings.
  25. [25] Teachers His recorded teachers included Li Kuiyang, Huang Xueshi, and Zhang Ying.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The association records identify the three people as teachers from whom he studied.
  26. [26] Contemporary appraisals Dong Yongshi admired and valued him, and Huang Hui praised his learning.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The association records attribute admiration and esteem to Dong Yongshi and praise of his learning to Huang Hui.
  27. [27] Gong'an school He was a member of the Gong'an school.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biography identifies him as a member of the Gong'an school.
  28. [28] Yuan Hongdao He exchanged poems with Yuan Hongdao, traveled with him, and received poetry and prose from him.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The association records show poetic exchange, travel, and the receipt of poetry and prose in his relationship with Yuan Hongdao.
  29. [29] Prefaces and sacrificial text He wrote prefaces for works by Li Tingji and Zhou Rudeng and a sacrificial text for Zhou Rudeng.
  30. [30] Biographies He wrote biographies of Xu Wei, Luo Wanhua, and Chen, the wife of Tao She.
  31. [31] Tomb inscriptions He wrote tomb inscriptions for eight named individuals.
  32. [32] Xingzhuang He wrote xingzhuang for seven named individuals.
  33. [33] Xie'an ji He wrote the sixteen-volume 《歇庵集》.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The works record lists the sixteen-volume 《歇庵集》 and identifies him as its author.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biographical texts also list 《歇庵集》 or 《歇菴》.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The works summary lists 《歇庵集》.
  34. [34] Other recorded works The works record also lists 《墨雜說》 and 《放生辨惑》, each in one volume.
    • CBDBTao Wangling (130726)The works record lists both one-volume works and identifies him as their author.
  35. [35] Title variants Other works include 《解莊》 and 《水天閣集》, with 《天水閣集》 as a variant title.
    • Souyun陶望齡 (51362)The biographical texts list 《解莊》 and 《水天閣集》, with another text giving 《水天閣》.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The works summary gives 《解庄》 and 《天水閣集》, supplying the alternate title form.
  36. [36] Collected works A collected 《陶望齡全集》 was compiled in later times.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database陶望齡 (A007225)The works summary says that later generations compiled 《陶望齡全集》.