Hao Jing

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life and career

Hao Jing's grandfather was Hao Tianting.[4] After the fall of Jin and amid war, his family moved to Shuntian. He lodged in the households of the commanders Zhang Rou and Jia Fu, read widely, and was successively engaged as tutor to their sons; he also discussed the methods of poetry and prose with Yuan Haowen.[5]

His career entries include the staff post of muguan, entered through recruitment and dated 1260.[6] When Kublai, then the imperial prince, established his appanage, Hao was summoned to an audience.[7] During the campaigns in Jing and E, he submitted a memorial arguing that Song should not yet be conquered and advocating moral cultivation, beneficence, and waiting for the right moment; under Möngke, he was appointed deputy in the Jiang-Huai, Jing, and Hunan-and-Hubei pacification offices.[8]

In the first year of Zhongtong (1260), after Kublai's accession, he was appointed a Hanlin shidu xueshi (翰林侍讀學士); his embassy is also associated with the title Hanlin shijiang xueshi (翰林侍講學士).[9] He carried a golden tiger tally, served as a national-trust envoy, and took a letter to Song to negotiate peace.[10] Jia Sidao, claiming credit for the lifting of the siege of Ezhou and fearing that Hao's mission would expose the situation, detained him at Zhenzhou.[11] He remained there for sixteen years, from 1260 to 1275.[12]

In the eleventh year of the Zhiyuan era, Boyan's southern campaign led to Hao's courteous release and return north. He fell ill and died at Yanjing at the age of fifty-three.[13] He was successively granted the posthumous honors of Grand Academician of the Zhaowen Hall, Situ, and Duke of Ji, and received Wenzhong as his posthumous name.[14]

Family and associations

His father was Hao Siwen (1191–1258), his brother was Hao Yi, and his sons-in-law were Wang Liangjie and Xiao Jie.[15] His sons included Hao Abao (1244–1246), Hao Achang (1255–1259), and Hao Cailin; the first two are both identified as the eldest or first son, while Cailin is identified as the third son.[16]

Hao Jing was also a retainer of Zhang Rou and Jia Fu and composed epitaphs for both men.[17] Song Lian and Wang Yun wrote biographies of him, while Lu Zhi and Yan Fu composed his epitaphs.[18]

Learning and writings

His learning was directed toward practical use; under the severe confinement of his detention at Zhenzhou, he devoted still greater effort to writing.[19] His works included 《續後漢書》, 《春秋外傳》, 《易外傳》, and 《太極演原》, as well as 《陵川文集》[20]; 《陵川集》 also appears, and the titles 《易春秋外傳》 and 《太極演》 are also found[21]. The size of his corpus is variously given as "several juan" and "several hundred juan."[22]

In the fifth year of the Yanyou era, an imperial order directed Jiangxi provincial authorities to print the collection. His prose was described as rich and expansive, his poetry as unusual and rugged, and his Zhenzhou poems as especially mournful.[23] At Wuchang in the late Song and early Yuan, he wrote the five-character old-style poem 《黃鶴樓》, which depicts the tower, surrounding mountains and rivers, famous sites, and legends while expressing a sense of historical reflection.[24]

In the year of his return north, people in the capital shot a wild goose at Jinming Lake and found a silk note attached to it. The note included the following poem and identified him as the national-trust envoy writing at the new quarters of the Zhenzhou Zhongyong Army: “霜落風高恣所如，歸期回首是春初。上林天子援弓繳，窮海孤臣有帛書。中統十五年九月一日放雁，獲者勿殺，國信大使郝經書于真州忠勇軍營新館。” Because north and south were cut off, the note still used the date “the fifteenth year of Zhongtong,” unaware that the era name had changed to Zhiyuan. Yuan writers admired his integrity and compared him with Su Ziqing.[25]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1260 幕官

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
幕官1260Era unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父郝思溫1191–1258
弟郝彝–
女婿王良傑–
女婿蕭玠–
長子; 第一子郝阿寶1244–1246
長子; 第一子郝阿長1255–1259
三子郝采麟–

AliasesCBDB

  • 伯常 字
  • 文忠 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者：文]
  • 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
王惲被王惲推薦–
韓希孟欣賞/器重–
趙素為趙素所著書作序–
盧摯墓誌銘由盧摯所作1275–
閻復墓誌銘由閻復所作1275–
元好問為元好問作墓誌銘1275–
張柔為張柔作墓誌銘–
賈輔為賈輔作墓誌銘1275–
苟宗道為苟宗道作墓誌銘–
劉伯熙為劉伯熙作墓誌銘–
張柔為張柔之門客1275–
賈輔為賈輔之門客1275–
宋濂傳記作者為宋濂–
王惲傳記作者為王惲–
元好問為元好問作祭文–
賈輔為賈輔作祭文1275–
王惲祭文由王惲所作1275–
宋濂書、畫由宋濂作跋–
孟攀鱗為孟攀鱗作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
張子良為張子良作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
趙復為趙復作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
劉德淵為劉德淵作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
撖擧為撖擧作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
王惲哀辭由王惲所作–
元好問為元好問作哀辭–
劉祁為劉祁作哀辭–
賈輔為賈輔作哀辭–
王粹為王粹作哀辭–
高嶷為高嶷作哀辭–
元好問向元好問致賀–
苟宗道向苟宗道致賀–
盧摯神道碑由盧摯所作–
賈輔為賈輔作神道碑–
何伯祥為何伯祥作神道碑–
楊惟中為楊惟中作神道碑–
王惲墓表由王惲所作–
楊果為楊果作挽詩、詞–
郝經行狀由郝經所作–
喬惟忠為喬惟忠作行狀–
郝經為郝經作行狀–
元好問為元好問作畫贊(畫像記)–
王積翁為王積翁作畫贊(畫像記)–
楊奐致書楊奐–
王粹致書王粹–
趙復致書趙復–
撖擧致書撖擧–
王逢被致書由王逢–
高鳴答高鳴書–
苟宗道贈詩、文–
趙復贈詩、文–
劉至臨贈詩、文–
元好問收到元好問的贈詩、文–
賈居貞為賈居貞之建築物題詠、記、命名–
賈輔為賈輔之建築物題詠、記、命名–
王積翁為王積翁之建築物題詠、記、命名–
姜彧為姜彧之建築物題詠、記、命名–
吳澄詩文跋由吳澄所作–
袁桷詩文跋由袁桷所作–
張翥詩文跋由張翥所作–
王惲詩文跋由王惲所作–
張之翰詩文跋由張之翰所作–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
徵辟

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
陵川集

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates Hao Jing was born in 1223 and died in 1275; the date values differ in their day-level detail but agree on the years.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The basic person record gives 1223 as the birth year and 1275 as the death year.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)Two biographical entries explicitly give the life span as 1223–1275.
    • WikidataHao Jing (Q15920243)The date claims give a birth year of 1223 and death dates in 1275, with differing day values.
  2. [2] Identity Hao Jing is identified as a Yuan official, thinker, and poet associated with Neo-Confucian learning.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The basic person record places him in the Yuan and classifies him as a literary official and thinker.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The profile places him in the early Yuan and lists Hanlin and national-trust offices; the biographical entry calls him a Neo-Confucian thinker and poet.
    • WikidataHao Jing (Q15920243)The English description identifies him as a Yuan dynasty official.
  3. [3] Names and origin His courtesy name was Bochang, his posthumous name Wenzhong, and his home was Lingchuan in Zezhou, now part of Jincheng, Shanxi.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The basic person record gives the courtesy name Bochang, the posthumous name Wenzhong, and Lingchuan as his native place.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies and profile identify him as a native of Zezhou Lingchuan, now Jincheng in Shanxi, and confirm his courtesy and posthumous names.
    • WikidataHao Jing (Q15920243)The English name data supplies the forms Bochang and Wenzhong.
  4. [4] Grandfather Hao Jing's grandfather was Hao Tianting.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographical entries identify him as the grandson of Hao Tianting.
  5. [5] Migration and early education After the Jin fell, Hao Jing moved with his family to Shuntian, lodged with Zhang Rou and Jia Fu, read widely, tutored their sons, and discussed poetic and prose composition with Yuan Haowen.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies describe the move to Shuntian after Jin fell, his lodging with Zhang Rou and Jia Fu, his wide reading, successive appointment as tutor to their sons, and his discussion of poetry and prose with Yuan Haowen.
  6. [6] Career entry A career entry lists the post of muguan, associates it with recruitment into office, and gives 1260 as its starting year.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The career data gives the post muguan, the year 1260, and recruitment as the mode of entry.
  7. [7] Summons to Kublai When Kublai established his appanage as imperial prince, Hao Jing was summoned to an audience.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies describe Kublai's appanage and the summons that brought Hao Jing to an audience.
  8. [8] Policy memorial During the Jing-E campaigns, Hao Jing argued that Song should not yet be conquered, advocated moral cultivation and beneficence, and was later made a deputy in the pacification offices.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographical account gives his memorial on Song, his advice to cultivate virtue and distribute beneficence while awaiting the right moment, and his appointment as deputy in the listed pacification offices.
  9. [9] Hanlin titles After Kublai's accession in the first year of Zhongtong, Hao Jing's title is given as Hanlin shidu xueshi, while the embassy is also associated with Hanlin shijiang xueshi.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies confirm the Zhongtong appointment as Hanlin shidu xueshi, while another biography and the profile preserve the Hanlin shijiang xueshi form.
  10. [10] Embassy to Song Hao Jing carried a golden tiger tally, served as national-trust envoy, and took a letter to Song to negotiate peace.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biography records the golden tiger tally, the national-trust embassy, and the letter carried to Song for peaceful relations.
  11. [11] Detention at Zhenzhou Jia Sidao claimed credit for lifting the siege of Ezhou and detained Hao Jing at Zhenzhou because he feared the mission would reveal the situation.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies agree that Jia Sidao detained Hao Jing at Zhenzhou and give the credit for the lifting of the Ezhou siege and fear of disclosure as the stated context.
  12. [12] Years in detention Hao Jing was held in Zhenzhou for sixteen years, from 1260 to 1275.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The three biographies confirm sixteen years of detention in Zhenzhou or Song, with one giving the span 1260–1275.
  13. [13] Return and death After Boyan's southern campaign in the eleventh year of Zhiyuan, Hao Jing was courteously released and returned north, then died of illness at Yanjing at age fifty-three.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biography records Boyan's campaign, Hao Jing's courteous return, and his death from illness at Yanjing at age fifty-three.
  14. [14] Posthumous honors Hao Jing was successively granted the honors of Grand Academician of the Zhaowen Hall, Situ, and Duke of Ji, and received Wenzhong as his posthumous name.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies give the successive honors and the posthumous name Wenzhong.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The basic person record gives Wenzhong as the posthumous name.
  15. [15] Father and affinal family His father was Hao Siwen, his brother Hao Yi, and his sons-in-law Wang Liangjie and Xiao Jie.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The kinship data identifies his father Hao Siwen and his dates, his brother Hao Yi, and his sons-in-law Wang Liangjie and Xiao Jie.
  16. [16] Children His listed sons were Hao Abao, Hao Achang, and Hao Cailin; the first two are each marked as eldest or first son, while Cailin is marked as the third son, with dates given for the first two.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The kinship data lists Hao Abao, Hao Achang, and Hao Cailin as sons, gives dates for the first two, and supplies their stated birth order.
  17. [17] Zhang and Jia Hao Jing was a retainer of Zhang Rou and Jia Fu and composed epitaphs for both.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The association data identifies Hao Jing as a retainer of Zhang Rou and Jia Fu and as the author of epitaphs for both.
  18. [18] Biographies and epitaphs Song Lian and Wang Yun are identified as biographers of Hao Jing, while Lu Zhi and Yan Fu are identified as authors of his epitaphs.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The association data names Song Lian and Wang Yun as biographers and Lu Zhi and Yan Fu as epitaph authors.
  19. [19] Practical learning Hao Jing treated learning as something that should be useful, and severe confinement during his detention led him to devote greater effort to writing.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies describe learning directed toward practical use and intensified writing under the pressure of confinement at Zhenzhou.
  20. [20] Principal works His works include 《續後漢書》, 《春秋外傳》, 《易外傳》, 《太極演原》, and 《陵川文集》.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The biographies and literary profile jointly attest the listed works, with the literary entry giving the complete group of titles.
  21. [21] Alternative titles The titles 《陵川集》, 《易春秋外傳》, and 《太極演》 also occur in the preserved title forms.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)One biography uses 《陵川集》, while another gives the forms 《易春秋外傳》 and 《太極演》.
    • CBDBHao Jing (29510)The works data also gives the title 《陵川集》.
  22. [22] Corpus size The corpus is variously described as consisting of several juan or several hundred juan.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The two biographical entries give differing descriptions of the corpus size, one saying several juan and the other several hundred juan.
  23. [23] Printing and style In the fifth year of Yanyou the collection was ordered to be printed by Jiangxi provincial authorities; his prose was expansive, his poetry rugged and unusual, and his Zhenzhou poems especially mournful.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The literary entry records the Yanyou printing order and characterizes the prose, poetry, and Zhenzhou poems in these terms.
  24. [24] Yellow Crane Tower poem At Wuchang in the late Song and early Yuan, Hao Jing wrote the five-character old-style poem 《黃鶴樓》, whose imagery includes the tower, local landscapes, famous sites, legends, and historical reflection.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The profile records the five-character old-style poem 《黃鶴樓》 at Wuchang and describes its landscape, sites, legends, and historical feeling.
  25. [25] Goose letter and integrity On his return north, a goose shot at Jinming Lake was found carrying a silk note with a poem and Hao Jing's signature as national-trust envoy at Zhenzhou; because north and south were cut off, it retained the obsolete Zhongtong date, and Yuan writers compared his integrity with that of Su Ziqing.
    • Souyun郝經 (40248)The literary entry gives the goose episode, the complete silk-note poem and signature, the obsolete era date caused by the separation of north and south, and the comparison with Su Ziqing.