Zhu Changwen

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Zhu Changwen was a grandson of Zhu Yi (朱億) and a son of Zhu Gongchuo (朱公綽).[5] He studied under Sun Fu (孫復) and was admired by Hu Yuan (胡瑗), and he counted Fan Shijing (范世京) and Lin Xi (林希) among his friends.[6] He passed the jinshi examination in the fourth year of the Jiayou era (1059), although one account places it in the second year of Jiayou (1057);[7] as he was still under age, the Ministry of Personnel deferred his appointment.[8] The following year he was appointed assistant for revenue affairs (sihu canjun) at Xu Prefecture (許州), but after a fall from a horse injured his foot he declined to take office, and he lived in retirement west of Suzhou for some thirty years.[9] His family had an old garden with terraces, ponds, bamboo, rocks and fine trees, which men of letters delighted to visit; the prefect Zhang Bowang (章伯望) named his residence the Lepu quarter.[10]

In 1086, the first year of the Yuanyou era, he was recommended and appointed professor of the prefectural school of Suzhou; Su Shi (蘇軾) had submitted a memorandum recommending Zhu Changwen for the post.[11] He was afterwards made collator in the Palace Library (mishu sheng jiaoshu lang), transferred to assistant for revenue affairs at Xu Prefecture, and appointed professor at Suzhou.[12] In 1093 he was summoned as erudite of the Imperial University (taixue boshi).[13] In 1097, the fourth year of Shaosheng, he was promoted to corrector in the Palace Library (mishu sheng zhengzi) and editor of the Bureau of Military Affairs (shumi yuan bianxiu wenzi).[14] He died in the second month of the first year of Yuanfu (1098), aged sixty.[15] Other titles recorded for him include shang qingche duwei and dianzhong sheng shangshe fengyu.[16]

Friends and associates

He was a fellow graduate of Lin Shao (林邵), Lin Yan (林顏) and Ding Yan (丁偃); he received a reply letter from Cheng Yi (程頤), and in 1093 Cheng Ju (程俱) wrote a farewell piece for him.[17] He composed colophons for the writings, poems and calligraphy of Fan Chunren (范純仁), and a shrine record for Lin Gai (林概).[18] Funerary inscriptions by him are recorded for Cai Ting (蔡挺), Cai Qin (蔡欽), Cai Zheng (蔡拯), Cai Tianjing (蔡天經), Cai Xin (蔡昕), Cai Qian (蔡潛) and Cai Ting's wife née Wang.[19] He exchanged poems with Yang Yiru (楊懿孺) and the monk Zuyin (釋祖印).[20]

Writings

Zhu Changwen was a prolific author who discoursed on all six classics.[21] His works include the Chunqiu tongzhi (春秋通志) in 20 juan, the Wujun tujing xuji (吳郡圖經續記) in 3 juan, the Yijing jie (易經解), the Mochi bian (墨池編) in 6 juan, the Qinshi (琴史) in 6 juan, the Qintai zhi (琴臺志), and the Lepu wenji (樂圃文集) in 100 juan.[22] As a calligrapher he followed Yan Zhenqing (顏真卿) and was held in equal repute with Xu Ji (徐積).[23] His collected works were destroyed in the wars towards the end of the Northern Song; in the Southern Song his grandnephew Zhu Si (朱思) gathered the surviving writings into the ten-juan Wujun Lepu Zhu xiansheng yugao (吳郡樂圃朱先生餘稿).[24]

Legacy

After his death Mi Fu (米芾) wrote his tomb tablet inscription and Zhang Jingxiu (張景修) his epitaph.[25] His biography appears in juan 444 of the Song Shi (宋史).[26] He had three sons, Zhu Si (朱耜), Zhu Fa (朱發) and Zhu Geng (朱耕); his fifth-generation descendant was Zhu Qinyan (朱寢炎), and later descendants include Zhu Liangyu (朱良育) and Zhu Xiwen (朱希文).[27]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown4
OfficeEraPosting
上輕車都尉Era unknownUnknown
司戶參軍Era unknown許州
司戶參軍Era unknown許州
殿中省尚舍奉御Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
祖父朱億–
父朱公綽–
長子; 第一子朱耜1075–1117
次子朱發–
三子朱耕–
直系後裔朱良育–
直系後裔朱希文–
五世孫;來孫朱寢炎–

AliasesCBDB

  • 伯原 字
  • 樂圃 室名、別號
  • 樂圃先生 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 士人

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
范世京友–
林希友1086–
林邵同年友1059–
林顏同年友1059–
丁偃同年友–
胡瑗欣賞/器重–
孫復為孫復之學生1098–
米芾墓誌銘由米芾所作1098–
張景修墓誌銘由張景修所作1098–
蔡挺為蔡挺作墓誌銘1098–
蔡欽為蔡欽作墓誌銘–
蔡拯為蔡拯作墓誌銘–
蔡天經為蔡天經作墓誌銘–
王氏(蔡挺妻)為王氏(蔡挺妻)作墓誌銘–
蔡昕為蔡昕作墓誌銘–
蔡潛為蔡潛作墓誌銘1098–
范純仁為范純仁所著書作跋–
胡安國從遊者為胡安國1098–
楊懿孺相唱和–
釋祖印相唱和–
蔡天經同學、同門1098–
丁偃同場屋/同應舉–
脫脫傳記作者為脫脫–
程俱臨別得到程俱所作贈言(送別詩、序)1093–
米芾墓表由米芾所作–
蘇軾被致書由蘇軾–
程頤收到程頤的答書–
范純仁題范純仁的書帖–
范純禮為范純禮之建築物題詠、記、命名–
蔡抗為蔡抗之建築物題詠、記、命名–
林概為林概之建築物題詠、記、命名–
林虙為林虙之建築物題詠、記、命名–
林祖德為林祖德之建築物題詠、記、命名–
范純禮為范純禮作學記（書院記）–
范純仁為范純仁之詩文作跋–
晏知止上司為晏知止–
程俱被送別1093–
林概為林概作祠記–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 舉進士、諸科不第
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
樂圃餘稿
易經解撰著者
吳郡圖經續記
墨池編撰著者
琴史撰著者
春秋通志:二十卷
琴臺志

Citations

  1. [1] Name and identity Zhu Changwen was a Northern Song literatus and calligrapher; the entry's dates are 1039–1098.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB gives his name as Zhu Changwen, a man of the Song, born 1039 and died 1098.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Chinese biographical dictionary gives his name as Zhu Changwen, a man of the Northern Song, with dates 1039–1098.
    • WikidataZhu Changwen (Q11094899)Wikidata gives his label as Zhu Changwen (朱長文) and describes him as a Song-dynasty literatus, 1039–1098.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The DILA authority file names him Zhu Changwen and calls him a Northern Song calligrapher.
  2. [2] Names and styles His courtesy name was Boyuan; his sobriquets were Lepu and Lepu xiansheng, and he was also known as Qianxi yinfu.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records his courtesy name as Boyuan and his style names as Lepu and Lepu xiansheng.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi gives his courtesy name as Boyuan and notes that he was commonly known as Lepu xiansheng.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file lists the alternative names Zhu Boyuan, Lepu xiansheng and Qianxi yinfu.
    • WikidataZhu Changwen (Q11094899)Wikidata lists the aliases Boyuan, Lepu and Lepu xiansheng.
  3. [3] Native place He was a native of Wu County, Suzhou (present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu).
  4. [4] Alternative dates Some sources date him 1041–1100, differing from the usual 1039–1098.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The DILA authority file places his birth in 1041 and his death in 1100.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB gives 1039–1098, differing from the 1041–1100 dating.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The biographical database gives 1039–1098, differing from the 1041–1100 dating.
    • WikidataZhu Changwen (Q11094899)Wikidata gives 1039 and 1098, differing from the 1041–1100 dating.
  5. [5] Family His grandfather was Zhu Yi and his father Zhu Gongchuo.
  6. [6] Teachers and friends He studied under Sun Fu, was admired by Hu Yuan, and counted Fan Shijing and Lin Xi as friends.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records that he was a pupil of Sun Fu, that Hu Yuan admired him, and that he was a friend of Fan Shijing and Lin Xi.
  7. [7] Jinshi degree He took the jinshi degree in 1059 (fourth year of Jiayou), though one account places it in 1057.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Chinese biographical dictionary and the Quan Song wen place his jinshi degree in the fourth year of Jiayou, while the Quan Song shi places it in the second year of Jiayou (1057).
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The DILA authority file records a jinshi degree of 1059 (fourth year of Jiayou).
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB's examination entries record both a general jinshi status and a note that he sat the examinations without passing, and its note on his fellow graduate Ding Yan states that the two passed the jinshi together in the fourth year of Jiayou.
  8. [8] Deferred appointment As he was under age, the Ministry of Personnel deferred his appointment.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records that because he was under age the Ministry of Personnel deferred his appointment; the Quan Song wen likewise says he took his degree before coming of age.
  9. [9] Office and retirement The following year he was appointed assistant for revenue affairs at Xu Prefecture, declined office after a fall from a horse, and retired west of Suzhou for about thirty years.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records his appointment as assistant for revenue affairs at Xu Prefecture the next year and his refusal of office after a fall from a horse.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file records that he did not take office after a fall from a horse, retired west of Suzhou, and lived there for some thirty years.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records a posting as assistant for revenue affairs at Xu Prefecture.
  10. [10] The Lepu garden His old garden was much visited by men of letters, and the prefect Zhang Bowang named his residence the Lepu quarter.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi describes the old garden with its terraces, ponds, bamboo, rocks and fine trees that men of letters delighted to visit, and the prefect Zhang Bowang's naming of his residence after Lepu; the biographical dictionary adds that he built his home at the Lepu quarter and read and wrote there.
  11. [11] 1086 professorship In 1086 he was recommended as professor of the Suzhou prefectural school, on a memorandum from Su Shi.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records that in the first year of Yuanyou (1086) he was recommended as professor of the Suzhou prefectural school.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file records that Su Shi recommended him for the professorship of his prefecture with a memorandum.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records that he received a letter from Su Shi.
  12. [12] Palace Library collator He was afterwards made collator in the Palace Library, transferred to Xu Prefecture, and appointed professor at Suzhou.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song wen records his appointment as collator in the Palace Library, his transfer to Xu Prefecture, and his professorship at Suzhou.
  13. [13] Imperial University erudite In 1093 he was summoned as erudite of the Imperial University.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records his summons as erudite of the Imperial University in the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093); the Quan Song wen and the biographical dictionary agree in substance.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file also records his summons as erudite of the Imperial University.
  14. [14] Palace Library corrector In 1097 he was promoted to corrector in the Palace Library and editor of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records his promotion in the fourth year of Shaosheng (1097) to corrector in the Palace Library and editor in the Bureau of Military Affairs; the Quan Song wen has him concurrently editing there.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file records his appointment as corrector in the Palace Library and editor in the Bureau of Military Affairs.
  15. [15] Death He died in the second month of 1098, aged sixty.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song wen records his death in the second month of the first year of Yuanfu (1098) at the age of sixty; the Quan Song shi likewise gives his age at death as sixty.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB gives his year of death as 1098.
  16. [16] Other titles Other titles recorded for him are shang qingche duwei and dianzhong sheng shangshe fengyu.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB lists the titles shang qingche duwei and dianzhong sheng shangshe fengyu.
  17. [17] Fellow graduates and correspondence He was a fellow graduate of Lin Shao, Lin Yan and Ding Yan, received a reply letter from Cheng Yi, and in 1093 Cheng Ju wrote a farewell piece for him.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records Lin Shao, Lin Yan and Ding Yan as his fellow graduates, a reply letter from Cheng Yi, and a farewell piece from Cheng Ju in 1093.
  18. [18] Colophons and shrine record He wrote colophons on Fan Chunren's writings, poems and calligraphy, and a shrine record for Lin Gai.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records colophons by him on Fan Chunren's writings, poems and calligraphy, and a shrine record (the Ruxue Lin gong citang ji) for Lin Gai.
  19. [19] Funerary inscriptions written Funerary inscriptions by him are recorded for Cai Ting, several of his kinsmen, and Cai Ting's wife née Wang.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records funerary inscriptions written by him for Cai Ting, Cai Qin, Cai Zheng, Cai Tianjing, Cai Xin, Cai Qian and Cai Ting's wife née Wang.
  20. [20] Poetic exchanges He exchanged poems with Yang Yiru and the monk Zuyin.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records that he exchanged poems with Yang Yiru and the monk Zuyin, as preserved in the Lepu yugao.
  21. [21] Scholarship He was a prolific author who discoursed on all six classics.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Chinese biographical dictionary calls him a prolific writer who discoursed on all six classics.
  22. [22] Works His works include the Chunqiu tongzhi, Wujun tujing xuji, Yijing jie, Mochi bian, Qinshi, Qintai zhi and the Lepu wenji of 100 juan.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song wen lists the Chunqiu tongzhi in 20 juan, the Wujun tujing xuji in 3 juan, the Yijing jie, the Mochi bian in 6 juan, the Qinshi in 6 juan and the Lepu wenji in 100 juan; the biographical dictionary adds the Qintai zhi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file also records the Mochi bian, the Qinshi and the Wujun tujing xuji.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB lists the Yijing jie, Wujun tujing xuji, Mochi bian, Qinshi, Chunqiu tongzhi (20 juan) and Qintai zhi.
  23. [23] Calligraphy As a calligrapher he followed Yan Zhenqing and ranked with Xu Ji.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database朱長文 (A018359)The authority file says that he worked in calligraphy after Yan Zhenqing and was held in equal repute with Xu Ji.
  24. [24] Transmission of the collected works His collected works were destroyed at the end of the Northern Song, and his grandnephew Zhu Si gathered the survivors into a ten-juan collection.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi records that his Lepu ji in 100 juan was destroyed in the wars at the end of the Northern Song, and that in the Southern Song his grandnephew Zhu Si collected the surviving pieces into a ten-juan collection.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB lists his Lepu yugao.
  25. [25] Tomb inscriptions After his death Mi Fu wrote his tomb tablet inscription and Zhang Jingxiu his epitaph.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records that Mi Fu wrote his tomb tablet inscription (the Lepu xiansheng mu biao) and lists both Mi Fu and Zhang Jingxiu as authors of his epitaph.
  26. [26] Song Shi biography His biography appears in juan 444 of the Song Shi.
    • Souyun朱長文 (27322)The Quan Song shi and the Quan Song wen both note a biography in juan 444 of the Song shi.
  27. [27] Descendants He had three sons and later descendants, including a fifth-generation descendant Zhu Qinyan.
    • CBDBZhu Changwen (11316)CBDB records his sons Zhu Si, Zhu Fa and Zhu Geng, his fifth-generation descendant Zhu Qinyan, and the later descendants Zhu Liangyu and Zhu Xiwen.