Huang Zongxi

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 南雷 室名、別號
• 南雷先生 未詳
• 古藏室史臣 未詳
• 太冲 字
• 德冰 字
• 文孝 未詳
• 文孝先生 未詳
• 梨洲 室名、別號
• 梨洲先生 室名、別號
• 石庫 未詳
• 續鈔堂 室名、別號
• 證人堂長 未詳
• 雙瀑院住持 未詳
• 黎洲 未詳

StatusCBDB

• 士人
• 拒絕出仕
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Huang Zongxi lived from 1610 to 1695 and was a late-Ming and early-Qing scholar, thinker, and classicist.
   • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The biographical data supplies his name, dates, and designation as a thinker.
   • WikidataHuang Zongxi (Q31754)The identity record describes him as a Chinese naturalist, political theorist, and philosopher who lived from 1610 to 1695.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The profile and biographical text give his name, dates, and late-Ming/early-Qing setting.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority record gives the 1610–1695 date range and identifies him as a classicist of the late Ming and early Qing.
2. [2] Names and native place His courtesy name was Taichong, Debing was also listed as a courtesy name, and his sobriquets included Lizhou and Nanlei; he came from Yuyao in Zhejiang.
   • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The name data classifies Taichong and Debing as courtesy names, lists Lizhou and Nanlei as sobriquets, and gives Yuyao as his native place.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The profile and biography give Taichong, Lizhou, and Yuyao in Zhejiang.
   • WikidataHuang Zongxi (Q31754)The names and claims list Taichong, Debing, Lizhou, and Nanlei among his alternative names.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority record also gives Huang Taichong, Huang Lizhou, and Yuyao.
3. [3] Family and the death of Huang Zunsu Huang Zongxi was Huang Zunsu’s eldest son; Huang Zunsu died in the imperial prison after impeaching the Wei eunuch faction.
   • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The kinship data identifies his father as Huang Zunsu and gives the dates 1584–1626.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography calls him Huang Zunsu’s eldest son and says that his father died in prison after impeaching the Wei eunuch.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note says that his father Huang Zunsu was persecuted by the eunuch faction.
4. [4] Seeking redress After the Chongzhen Emperor’s accession, the nineteen-year-old Huang went to the capital to seek redress and attacked Xu Xianchun with an awl.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography gives his age, journey to the capital, petition for redress, and attack on Xu Xianchun.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note likewise says that he went to the capital to seek redress for his father.
5. [5] Study under Liu Zongzhou After completing the funeral arrangements, Huang devoted himself to scholarship, studied under Liu Zongzhou, and read history closely.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography says that after the burial he devoted himself to learning and studied under Liu Zongzhou.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note adds that he studied under Liu Zongzhou and read historical books closely.
6. [6] The Ruan Dacheng affair In the eleventh year of the Chongzhen reign, Huang and Wu Yingji composed the Liudu Fangluan Gongjie against Ruan Dacheng; after the Prince of Fu’s accession, Ruan sought to kill 140 people, but the attempt failed when Qing troops moved south.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography gives the Chongzhen date, the composition of the proclamation with Wu Yingji, the attack on Ruan Dacheng, and the failed plan to kill 140 people.
7. [7] Fu She and anti-Qing activity Huang took part in anti-Qing activity and was one of the leaders of the Fu She.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note identifies his participation in anti-Qing activity and his leadership in the Fu She.
8. [8] Service with the Prince of Lu After the fall of the Ming, Huang led several hundred local followers from Yuyao in support of the Prince of Lu, formed the Shizhong Camp, and held the offices of Zhifang secretary and censor.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography describes his leadership of several hundred Yuyao followers under the Prince of Lu, the Shizhong Camp, and the successive appointments.
   • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The office data lists Zhifang secretary, military Zhifang secretary, and censor.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note confirms his participation in anti-Qing activity.
9. [9] Later Lu campaign and variant office title After the Prince of Lu went to sea, Huang maintained a stronghold in the Siming Mountains and sought him at sea; the office is given as Left Vice Censor-in-Chief in one account and Left Assistant Censor-in-Chief in another.
   • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)One biographical passage gives Left Vice Censor-in-Chief, while another gives Left Assistant Censor-in-Chief, and both passages concern his later Lu campaign.
   • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The office data also lists the rank of Vice Censor-in-Chief.
10. [10] Return and teaching When restoration appeared hopeless, Huang returned home with his mother, wrote and taught, and attracted a growing following of scholars.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography describes his return with his mother, writing and teaching, and the growing number of scholars who followed him.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note likewise describes his withdrawal, writing, and teaching after the Ming’s fall.
11. [11] Kangxi invitations During the Kangxi era, Huang declined nominations for the Boxue Hongci examination and for work on the History of the Ming, although the historical bureau continued to seek his advice.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biographies state that he declined the Boxue Hongci nomination and the recommendation to assist with the History of the Ming, while the historical bureau still consulted him.
12. [12] Refusal of Qing summons After the Ming fell, Huang repeatedly declined summons from the Qing court.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note explicitly says that he repeatedly declined summons from the Qing court.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The status data also lists refusal to enter official service.
13. [13] Jiansheng status and posthumous honor Huang was listed as a jiansheng and was later enshrined in the Temple of Confucius.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The examination-status data lists him as a jiansheng.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)A biographical anthology says that he was enshrined in the Temple of Confucius.
14. [14] Family His family included his mother Yao, his wife Ye Baolin, his younger brother Huang Zongyan, his son Huang Baijia, and his son-in-law Liu Maolin.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The kinship data names his mother, wife, younger brother with dates, son with birth year, and son-in-law.
15. [15] Friends His friends included Mao Qiling, Wan Tai, Yan Ruju, Tang Bin, Hu Wei, and Chen Que.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The association data classifies Mao Qiling, Wan Tai, Yan Ruju, Tang Bin, Hu Wei, and Chen Que as friends.
16. [16] Classics and history Huang’s teaching emphasized exhaustive study of the Classics and reading history, with particular depth in historiography.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography says that his teaching centered on exhaustive study of the Classics and history and that he was especially deep in historiography.
17. [17] Scholarly following His writing and teaching attracted an increasing following of scholars from many regions.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography says that scholars from all directions increasingly followed him in his writing and teaching.
18. [18] Political thought The Mingyi daifang lu criticized monarchs’ crimes and made enlightened autocracy its ideal, crystallizing Huang’s political and social thought.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography directly characterizes the book’s criticism of monarchs, its ideal of enlightened autocracy, and its place in Huang’s political and social thought.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The works data lists the one-juan Mingyi daifang lu.
19. [19] Poetics In the preface to the Shili, Huang argued that poetry requires broad reading in the Classics and the hundred schools, expresses personal feeling and the world’s order and disorder, and should be judged by genuineness rather than literary schools.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The preface argues for reading the Classics and the hundred schools, treats poetry as containing personal feeling and the world’s governance, and rejects rigid literary classification.
20. [20] Learning and literary compilations Huang wrote the sixty-juan Mingru xue’an and the unfinished Songyuan xue’an, later completed by Quan Zuwang; he collected Ming writings in Ming wen’an and expanded it into Ming wenhai, and also produced Mingshi an.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography describes the unfinished Songyuan xue’an and its continuation by Quan Zuwang, as well as the expansion from Ming wen’an to Ming wenhai.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The works data lists Mingru xue’an in sixty juan, Songyuan xue’an, Ming wen’an in 200 juan, Ming wenhai in 482 juan, and Mingshi an in 240 juan.
21. [21] Historical and poetic works His historical writings include Longwu jinian and Yongli jinian, collectively known as Xingchao lu; his poetry and prose include Nanlei wending and Nanlei shili.
    • Souyun黃宗羲 (56201)The biography groups the Longwu and Yongli chronicles as Xingchao lu and lists Nanlei wending and Nanlei shili among his poetry and prose.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The works data lists Yongli jinian, Xingchao lu, Nanlei wending, and Nanlei shili.
22. [22] Wider range of writings and collected works Other titles range across water geography, calendrical calculation, mathematics, astronomy, and musical theory, and modern editors have compiled the Complete Works of Huang Zongxi.
    • CBDBHuang Zongxi (30713)The works data lists Jin shuijing, Lidai jiazi kao, Gehuan baxian jie, Jugu tushuo, Datong li tuifa, and Lülü xinyi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note says that modern editors compiled the Complete Works of Huang Zongxi.
23. [23] Later reputation Huang Zongxi was grouped with Gu Yanwu and Wang Fuzhi as the Three Great Confucians of the Early Qing and was called the Father of Chinese Enlightenment thought.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database黃宗羲 (A008584)The authority note gives both the Three Great Confucians designation and the title Father of Chinese Enlightenment thought.