Li Shangyin

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

In 829, Li paid his respects to Linghu Chu in Luoyang, followed him to Yunzhou, and became a circuit staff officer under the Tianping military command. In the sixth and eighth years of the Dahe era, he successively served on Linghu Chu’s Taiyuan staff and in the Yanhai administration of Cui Rong.[3]

His appointments also included 押左右萬騎, a command secretaryship, and a circuit-observation assistantship.[4]

He passed the jinshi examination in 837. In the spring of 838 he failed the erudite-and-broad-learning examination, entered the Jingyuan staff of Wang Maoyuan, and married Wang’s daughter.[5]

As factional conflict intensified, one account aligned Linghu Chu with the Niu faction and Wang Maoyuan with the Li faction, so that Li’s marriage was treated as a betrayal and Linghu Tao later kept him under long-term pressure. Whether Li belonged to the Li faction, the Niu faction, moved between the two, or stood outside the factional struggle has remained disputed; another view holds that Wang Maoyuan was not a Li partisan.[6]

Li Shangyin’s father was Li Si, his father-in-law was Wang Maoyuan, and his son was Li Tinggui.[7]

In 839 he entered official service as a Secretariat Proofreader and was soon transferred to become magistrate of Hongnong. He nearly lost his post after offending the surveillance commissioner Sun Jian by trying to remit or reduce the punishments of wrongfully accused prisoners; when Yao He replaced Sun, he was restored to office.[8]

In the winter of 840 he joined Wang Maoyuan’s Chenxu staff. In 842 he re-entered the Secretariat as a Corrector after passing the examination in written judgments, then observed mourning for his mother; he moved his household from the Guanzhong region to Yongle in 844, and after completing mourning returned to the capital in 845, again serving as a Secretariat Corrector.[9]

In 847 he followed Zheng Ya, the observer of the Gui管 circuit, to Guilin as a staff assistant responsible for memorial writing. After Zheng was demoted to Xunzhou in 848, Li left the staff and returned north; later that year he reached Chang’an, became magistrate of Zhouzhi, and was retained by the Jingzhao prefect as a provisional assistant in military affairs, where he drafted official memorials.[10]

In the tenth month of 849, Lu Hongzhi, military commissioner of Wuning, appointed him staff judge with the title of Investigating Censor, and he went to Xuzhou. In the summer of 850 he followed Lu to the Bianzhou staff and once undertook a mission through the passes; he left the staff and returned to the capital in the spring or summer of 851.[11]

His wife, Wang, had already died when he returned to the capital, where he became a Erudite of the Imperial Academy. When Liu Zhongying took charge of East Sichuan, Li joined his staff as a military-secretariat secretary, later becoming staff judge at Zizhou; the associated title is given as Investigating Gentleman of the Ministry of Works, with another form reading Assistant Investigating Gentleman of the Ministry of Works.[12]

Around the end of the seventh year of the Dazhong era he probably returned to the capital to see his children. In the spring of Dazhong 10 (856), he followed Liu Zhongying back to court and became a Salt and Iron Investigator; he may have travelled in Jiangdong during this period. In Dazhong 12, illness forced him to return to Zhengzhou, where he died soon afterward.[13]

Literary work

Li Shangyin’s early prose was striking and archaic in manner, and he studied memorial composition under Linghu Chu. He excelled in parallel prose and regulated verse; his ornate prose won him fame alongside Wen Tingyun and Duan Chengshi as the “Thirty-Six Styles,” while his poetry was paired with Wen as “Wen and Li” and with Du Mu as the “Lesser Li and Du.”[14]

One explanation for the name “Thirty-Six Styles” is that all three writers were ranked sixteenth in their families.[15]

His poems often express concern for the fate of the state and satire of current affairs, as in “A Hundred Rhymes Written on the Journey through the Western Suburbs,” “Two Poems with the Feeling,” “Renewed Feelings,” and “曲江”; other poems voice personal aspirations and the pathos of his circumstances, including “On the Tower at Anding” and “Late Clearing.”[16]

His historical poems, poems on objects, and untitled poems are especially accomplished, as are his regulated and quatrain verse in seven-character form. His poetry is marked by novel conception, rich imagination, exact parallelism, brilliant coloration, melodious tone, and mastery of allusion.[17]

He frequently used symbolic suggestion and turned personal circumstances into reflective feeling, producing a melancholic tone and often hazy emotional landscapes. The melancholy of Song Yu, the gravitas of Du Fu, and the symbolism of Li He exerted particularly deep influence on him.[18]

Later judgments often summarized his regulated verse as “deeply felt and lingering,” “learned and magnificently beautiful,” and “deep in implication and gentle in diction”; later poets also took it as a model.[19]

Some accounts additionally grouped him with Li Bai and Li He as the “Three Lis.”[20]

Works and reception

Three volumes of Yuxisheng shi circulated. Fannan jiaji and Yiji were each in twenty volumes, while Fu and Wen were each in one volume and were largely lost; later editors assembled a six-volume Li Yishan shiji, and the Fannan wenji and its supplement continued to circulate.[21]

The Quan Tang shi preserves three volumes of his poetry, while the Quan Tang shi waibian and Quan Tang shi xushi add four poems and five fragments. Other titles listed among his authored works include 義山雜纂, 雜纂, 義山雜記一卷, 宜都內人, and 齊魯二生.[22]

In his later years, bereavement and frustration in official life led him toward a firm commitment to Buddhism. Twenty-two of his poems are included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems, the fourth-highest number in that anthology.[23]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 829 押左右萬騎 大和
  2. 842 秘書省正字 會昌
  3. 847 節度使掌書記 大中
  4. 849 節度使判官 大中
  5. 856 鹽鐵推官 大中
  6. 855 節度使判官

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
押左右萬騎829大和
秘書省正字842會昌
節度使掌書記847大中
節度使判官849大中武寧軍節度
節度使判官855Era unknown劍南東川軍節度
鹽鐵推官856大中
Year unknown8
OfficeEraPosting
判官Era unknown劍南東川軍節度
太學博士Era unknownUnknown
府尹掾曹Era unknown京兆府
秘書省校書郎Era unknownUnknown
節度使掌書記Era unknownUnknown
節度觀察支使Era unknownUnknown
縣尉Era unknown弘農
縣尉Era unknown盩厔

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父李嗣–
岳父王茂元–843
子李廷珪–

AliasesCBDB

  • 李十六 行第
  • 玉溪生 未詳
  • 義山 字

StatusCBDB

  • 書法家
  • 詩人
  • 文人
  • 工於文
  • [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
白居易為白居易作墓誌銘858–
葛密文風為葛密所效法858–
王安石詩作為王安石所稱道858–
楊億編輯楊億之詩/文858–
韓愈贈詩、文–
杜甫贈詩、文–
李德裕贈詩、文–
杜牧贈詩、文–
楊汝士贈詩、文–
楊虞卿贈詩、文–
牛僧孺贈詩、文–
令狐楚贈詩、文–
令狐綯贈詩、文–
李賀贈詩、文–
韋蟾贈詩、文–
李肱贈詩、文–
楊嗣復贈詩、文–
沈亞之贈詩、文–
周墀贈詩、文–
鄭虔贈詩、文–
鄭愚贈詩、文–
封敖贈詩、文–
韓翃贈詩、文–
韓偓贈詩、文–
韓琮贈詩、文–
蔡京贈詩、文–
駱峻贈詩、文–
宇文鼎贈詩、文–
王質贈詩、文–
魏扶贈詩、文–
崔珏贈詩、文–
盧鈞贈詩、文–
盧弘止贈詩、文–
鄭畋贈詩、文–
李遠贈詩、文–
胡証贈詩、文–
庾道蔚贈詩、文–
釋玄微贈詩、文–
李袞師贈詩、文–
謝防贈詩、文–
郭旼贈詩、文–
王顔贈詩、文–
王瓘贈詩、文–
王茂元贈詩、文–
王全贈詩、文–
張審禮贈詩、文–
孫綺贈詩、文–
孫樸贈詩、文–
孫簡贈詩、文–
簡子蒙贈詩、文–
釋住一贈詩、文–
崔雍贈詩、文–
崔袞贈詩、文–
崔福贈詩、文–
崔裕贈詩、文–
崔戎贈詩、文–
崔明贈詩、文–
白雲贈詩、文–
伊愼贈詩、文–
定子贈詩、文–
宗魯贈詩、文–
宋華陽贈詩、文–
溫庭筠贈詩、文–
某在蒙贈詩、文–
李方玄贈詩、文–
李讓山贈詩、文–
李褎贈詩、文–
李丕贈詩、文–
李西華贈詩、文–
李上謩贈詩、文–
李定言贈詩、文–
李潘贈詩、文–
李樞言贈詩、文–
李藩贈詩、文–
李執方贈詩、文–
李閬之贈詩、文–
李羲叟贈詩、文–
李余贈詩、文–
李炎贈詩、文–
李燁贈詩、文–
韋潘贈詩、文–
李蟲娘(李隆基女)贈詩、文–
姚栖筠贈詩、文–
蕭澣贈詩、文–
韓瞻贈詩、文–
薛巖賓贈詩、文–
杜勝贈詩、文–
杜悰贈詩、文–
獨孤雲贈詩、文–
楊戴贈詩、文–
楊戎贈詩、文–
楊籌贈詩、文–
柳仲郢贈詩、文–
柳枝贈詩、文–
趙滂贈詩、文–
趙祝贈詩、文–
趙晳贈詩、文–
曹確贈詩、文–
契苾通贈詩、文–
羅劭輿贈詩、文–

Showing the first 100 of 115 records; the interactive page loads the full list.

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)
吏部試 (隋唐)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
義山雜纂撰著者
乙集
文
文集(李商隱)
李商隱詩歌集解
李義山詩文集詳注
李義山集
梁詞人麗句
樊南文州補編
樊南甲集
玉溪生詩
蜀爾雅
賦(李商隱)
金鑰
雜纂撰著者
義山雜記 一卷撰著者
宜都內人撰著者
齊魯二生撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Dates and identity The biographical fields provide Li Shangyin’s name, dates, Tang affiliation, and classifications as poet, writer, and calligrapher; the biographical prose preserves the alternative birth years 812 and 811.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The person fields give the name, dates, Tang affiliation, and the classifications calligrapher, poet, writer, and skilled in prose.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The profile and biographical entries jointly identify Li Shangyin, give his dates and Tang setting, and describe him as a poet and writer while preserving the birth-year variation.
    • WikidataLi Shangyin (Q203782)The English label is Li Shangyin and the description identifies him as a Chinese poet and writer.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李商隱 (A009732)The person record supplies his name and Tang-dynasty affiliation.
  2. [2] Names and origin The sentence combines the courtesy name, literary names, family rank, Henei origin, move to Zhengzhou, and Longxi Chengji affiliation.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The names and residence fields provide Li Shiliu, Yuxisheng, Yishan, and Henei.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The profile and biography give Yishan, Yuxisheng, Fannansheng, the family rank of sixteen, Henei in present-day Qinyang, the move to Zhengzhou from the grandfather’s generation, and Longxi Chengji.
    • WikidataLi Shangyin (Q203782)The alias collection includes Li Shiliu, Yuxisheng, and Yishan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李商隱 (A009732)The person record supplies Yuxisheng, Fannansheng, Li Yishan, Huai Prefecture, and the family’s move from Henei toward Zhengzhou.
  3. [3] Early service The biography gives the 829 meeting with Linghu Chu, the move to Yunzhou, the Tianping post, and the later Taiyuan and Yanhai assignments in sequence.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography explicitly gives the 829 meeting in Luoyang, the Tianping circuit post, and the successive Taiyuan and Yanhai assignments.
  4. [4] Additional posts The structured appointment list adds 押左右萬騎, command-secretary, and circuit-observation assistant posts.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields list 押左右萬騎, 節度使掌書記, and 節度觀察支使.
  5. [5] Examination and marriage The biographical entries and examination and kinship fields support the 837 jinshi success, the failed 838 examination, Wang Maoyuan’s staff, and the marriage.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the 837 jinshi success, the failed examination in the following spring, entry into Wang Maoyuan’s staff, and the marriage.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The examination field confirms the jinshi entry and the kinship field identifies Wang Maoyuan as father-in-law.
  6. [6] Factional dispute The sentence preserves the conventional factional explanation, the resulting pressure from Linghu Tao, and the competing views about Li Shangyin’s and Wang Maoyuan’s factional affiliations.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give both the traditional Niu-Li explanation and Linghu Tao’s hostility, while also listing the competing interpretations of Li Shangyin’s factional position and the view that Wang Maoyuan was not a Li partisan.
  7. [7] Family The kinship fields identify Li Si as father, Wang Maoyuan as father-in-law, and Li Tinggui as son.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The kinship fields give the three relationships and the names Li Si, Wang Maoyuan, and Li Tinggui.
  8. [8] Hongnong appointment The biography and appointment fields support the 839 appointments and the conflict over the treatment of wrongly accused prisoners.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography gives the 839 appointments, the dispute with Sun Jian over wrongful punishments, Yao He’s succession, and Li’s restoration.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields confirm the Secretariat Proofreader post and the Hongnong magistracy.
  9. [9] Huichang years The biography and appointment fields provide the Chenxu staff, 842 examination, secretariat post, mourning, relocation, and return to office.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the Chenxu staff, the 842 written-judgment examination and Secretariat Corrector post, mourning, move to Yongle, and return to the capital.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment field confirms the Secretariat Corrector post beginning in 842.
  10. [10] Guilin and Chang’an The biography and appointment fields support the Guilin staff post, the return after Zheng Ya’s demotion, and the Zhouzhi and Jingzhao assignments.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography gives the 847 Guilin staff appointment, Zheng Ya’s demotion, Li’s return north, and the Zhouzhi and Jingzhao assignments.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields add the circuit assistant, 847 staff-secretary, Zhouzhi magistrate, and Jingzhao office posts.
  11. [11] Xuzhou and Bianzhou The biography and appointment fields support the 849 Xuzhou appointment, the Investigating Censor title, the Bianzhou move, and the return to the capital.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the 849 Wuning appointment, Investigating Censor title, Xuzhou posting, Bianzhou staff, mission through the passes, and return to the capital.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields confirm the Wuning staff judgeship beginning in 849 and the subsequent Imperial Academy post.
  12. [12] East Sichuan and late career The biographical and appointment records support Wang’s death, the Imperial Academy post, Liu Zhongying’s staff, the alternative Ministry of Works titles, and the Zizhou judgeship.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give Wang’s death, the Imperial Academy post, Liu Zhongying’s East Sichuan staff, and the Zizhou appointment; the title list gives the Investigating Gentleman form, while another biography gives the Assistant form.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields confirm the Imperial Academy post and the East Sichuan staff judgeship.
  13. [13] Final years The biography preserves the approximate visit to the capital, the 856 Salt and Iron appointment, the possible Jiangdong journey, and the uncertain timing of his return and death.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the approximate return to see his children, the 856 Salt and Iron post, the possible Jiangdong trip, and the return to Zhengzhou before death.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The appointment fields give the East Sichuan end date of 855 and the Salt and Iron appointment beginning in 856.
  14. [14] Parallel prose and literary names The biographical entries support his study of memorial composition, parallel prose, regulated verse, the Thirty-Six Styles, Wen-Li, and the Lesser Li and Du.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies describe his early prose, instruction by Linghu Chu, parallel prose, regulated verse, the Thirty-Six Styles, and the Wen-Li and Lesser Li and Du pairings.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The status fields classify him as a poet, writer, and person skilled in prose.
  15. [15] Origin of the Thirty-Six Styles The person note preserves the explanation that the three writers all ranked sixteenth in their families.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李商隱 (A009732)The note links the shared family rank of sixteen among Li Shangyin, Duan Chengshi, and Wen Tingyun to the name Thirty-Six Styles.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies confirm the Thirty-Six Styles name and its association with Wen Tingyun and Duan Chengshi.
  16. [16] Poetic subjects The biography lists poems concerned with the state and current affairs as well as poems expressing personal feeling and the hardships of life.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography gives both poetic subjects and all of the examples named in the sentence.
  17. [17] Forms and technique The biography supports the special achievement of the historical, object, and untitled poems and seven-character forms, together with the listed technical qualities.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies describe the favored genres and the poetry’s conception, imagination, parallelism, coloration, tone, and use of allusion.
  18. [18] Symbolic style and influences The biography describes symbolic suggestion, personal reflection, melancholic and hazy feeling, and the influence of Song Yu, Du Fu, and Li He.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography explicitly discusses symbolic suggestion, hazy emotional landscapes, and the influence of Song Yu, Du Fu, and Li He.
  19. [19] Critical reception The biography supplies the three critical formulations and notes later imitation.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the three critical formulations and describe later poets’ taking his poetry as a model.
  20. [20] Three Lis A later biographical entry gives the additional grouping of Li Shangyin with Li Bai and Li He as the Three Lis.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The entry gives the Three Lis grouping and the English sentence preserves it as an additional account.
  21. [21] Collections and transmission The biographical entries provide the named collections, their volumes, the extent of loss, and the later assembled editions.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biographies give the three-volume poetry collection, the volumes of Fannan jiaji, Yiji, Fu, and Wen, their loss, and the later poetry and prose collections.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The work-title fields add Yiji, Wen, Fannan jiaji, Yuxisheng shi, Fu, and the collected prose title.
  22. [22] Quan Tang shi and other titles The biography gives the anthology counts, and the authored-work fields list the additional titles.
    • Souyun李商隱 (16489)The biography gives the three volumes in Quan Tang shi and the four additional poems and five fragments.
    • CBDBLi Shangyin (24412)The authored-work fields list the five additional titles as works attributed to Li Shangyin.
  23. [23] Later life and anthology The person note links bereavement and official frustration with his turn toward Buddhism and gives the Three Hundred Tang Poems count.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李商隱 (A009732)The note gives the connection between late bereavement, official frustration, and Buddhist commitment, and states that twenty-two poems were included, ranking fourth by number.