Li Tingji

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Early in life, he entered the Taixue as a tribute student. In the fourth year of Longqing (1570), he placed first in the Shuntian provincial examination; in the eleventh year of Wanli (1583), he again placed first in the metropolitan examination, took second in the jinshi ranking as the bangyan, and received appointment as a compiler.[4]

His recorded family included his great-grandfather Li Minfu (李敏輔), grandfather Li Pu (李璞), father Li Zongyu (李宗禹), and mother Chen; his younger brother was Li Tingcai (李廷材), his wife Lin, and his sons Li Qitong (李啟同) and Li Qixiong (李啟熊).[5] He was a student of Huang Motang (黃墨堂).[6]

After his appointment as a compiler, he rose through the offices to jijiu, making strictness the guiding principle of instruction. He later became Vice Minister of Personnel in Nanjing, concurrently overseeing the Ministries of Revenue and Works with meticulous administrative management, and was summoned as Left Vice Minister of Rites.[7] In the twenty-fifth year of Wanli, he served as Junior Vice Director of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent; in the following year, he became Vice Minister of Personnel in Nanjing.[8]

His entry into the Grand Secretariat is dated either to the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606) or to the thirty-fifth year. At that point he was Minister of Rites concurrently serving as Grand Academician of the Eastern Pavilion and participating in state deliberations; he later became Grand Academician of the Wenyuan Cabinet and served as chief grand councillor.[9] Accounts of his time in the Grand Secretariat and in power also differ: one gives six months in the Secretariat and nine months in power, while another gives six years in the Secretariat and nine months in power.[10]

Political conflict and retirement

After entering the Grand Secretariat, court critics accused him of privately exchanging favors with Shen Shixing, Shen Yiguan, and others; memorials of impeachment followed, and Li Tingji repeatedly requested permission to leave office and ceased attending to affairs until his request was granted in the fortieth year of Wanli.[11] In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608), officials discussing the culpability of chief grand councillor Zhu Geng also implicated Li Tingji; he shut himself in for several months, while the newly appointed grand councillor Ye Xianggao handled the Secretariat’s affairs.[12]

Attacks continued for several years. Li Tingji resolved to resign, sold his Beijing property to provide relief to the poor, sent his relatives back to Quanzhou, and secluded himself in Zhenwu Temple; he sought retirement for five full years and submitted 120 memorials, but the emperor remained unresponsive, and he eventually returned to his native place on his own.[13] In the fortieth year of Wanli (1612), he was finally permitted to retire; in the ninth month he was advanced to Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent and returned home, dying four years later and receiving the posthumous honors of Lesser Protector and Wenjie.[14]

Character and public affairs

Li Tingji was regarded as incorruptible and firm in matters, but also as stubborn and lacking a sense of the larger situation.[15] During his participation in government, Sichuan Grand Coordinator Qiao Bixing wanted to attack An Yaochen of Zhenxiong but could not resolve the dispute with the Guizhou authorities; Li Tingji firmly advocated withdrawing the troops, after which nothing came of the expedition, and commentators praised his judgment.[16]

Writings and associations

He wrote the twenty-eight-juan Li Wenjie ji.[17] The collection preserves letters sent to Yang Daobin (楊道賓), replies to Ye Xianggao (葉向高), and a letter from Tang Xianzu (湯顯祖); Zhao Shiqing (趙世卿) and Tao Wangling (陶望齡) wrote prefaces to works by him.[18]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
吏部右侍郎萬曆南京
詹事府少詹事萬曆Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖李敏輔–
祖父李璞–
父李宗禹–
母陳氏(李廷機母)–
弟李廷材–
妻子林氏(李廷機妻)–
子李啟同–
子李啟熊–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一 行第
  • 久我 室名、別號
  • 九我 室名、別號
  • 文淸 諡號
  • 文節 諡號
  • 爾張 字

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
黃墨堂為黃墨堂之學生–
趙世卿為趙世卿所著書作序–
陶望齡為陶望齡所著書作序–
葉向高書序由葉向高所作–
嚴訥為嚴訥作墓誌銘–
陳以勤為陳以勤作墓誌銘–
丁自申為丁自申作墓誌銘–
李方至為李方至作墓誌銘–
李愷為李愷作墓誌銘–
呂本為呂本作墓誌銘–
何元述為何元述作墓誌銘–
周子義為周子義作墓誌銘–
許天琦為許天琦作墓誌銘–
楊元祥為楊元祥作墓誌銘–
劉思問為劉思問作墓誌銘–
穆文熙為穆文熙作墓誌銘–
錢立為錢立作墓誌銘–
羅尚賓為羅尚賓作墓誌銘–
蘇濬為蘇濬作墓誌銘–
沈鯉為沈鯉作祭文–
趙世卿為趙世卿作祭文–
李贄為李贄作祭文–
余有丁為余有丁作祭文–
陳經邦為陳經邦作祭文–
董份為董份作祭文–
蘇濬為蘇濬作祭文–
儲方慶祭文由儲方慶所作–
郝傑為郝傑作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
劉東星為劉東星作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
蔡國珍為蔡國珍作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
蔡國珍為蔡國珍作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
趙煥為趙煥作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
蘇濬為蘇濬作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
徐階為徐階作諡議–
周子義為周子義作碑陰–
高儀為高儀作神道碑–
蕭廩為蕭廩作神道碑–
沈瀚為沈瀚作神道碑–
李偉為李偉作神道碑–
陳矩為陳矩作神道碑–
劉思問為劉思問作墓表–
李春芳為李春芳作行狀–
許國為許國作行狀–
韓國楨為韓國楨作行狀–
李待問致書李待問–
楊道賓致書楊道賓–
郭惟賢致書郭惟賢–
方應選致書方應選–
李開芳致書李開芳–
周如砥致書周如砥–
陳蕖致書陳蕖–
程朝金致書程朝金–
蘇舜臣致書蘇舜臣–
沈天啟致書沈天啟–
馮夢禎被致書由馮夢禎–
湯顯祖被致書由湯顯祖–
王衡被致書由王衡–
丁賓被致書由丁賓–
郭正域被致書由郭正域–
徐顯卿被致書由徐顯卿–
趙南星被致書由趙南星–
趙南星被致書由趙南星–
劉應秋答劉應秋書–
唐文獻答唐文獻書–
王衡答王衡書–
曾同亨答曾同亨書–
趙世卿答趙世卿書–
劉東星答劉東星書–
楊時喬答楊時喬書–
楊時喬答楊時喬書–
李化龍答李化龍書–
丁繼嗣答丁繼嗣書–
方大鎮答方大鎮書–
王世揚答王世揚書–
沈儆炌答沈儆炌書–
李開芳答李開芳書–
何元述答何元述書–
周如砥答周如砥書–
洪文衡答洪文衡書–
茅國縉答茅國縉書–
孫瑋答孫瑋書–
徐三畏答徐三畏書–
徐大任答徐大任書–
徐申答徐申書–
梅國禎答梅國禎書–
曹時聘答曹時聘書–
張治具答張治具書–
陳子貞答陳子貞書–
莊國禎答莊國禎書–
楊芳答楊芳書–
楊時寧答楊時寧書–
葉向高答葉向高書–
葉向高答葉向高書–
裴應章答裴應章書–
鄭汝璧答鄭汝璧書–
滕伯輪答滕伯輪書–
陳所學答陳所學書–
吳中明答吳中明書–
李從心答李從心書–
岳和聲答岳和聲書–

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ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第一甲第二名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)
監生(籠統)
廩監生
廩監生

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
李文節集:二十八卷

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates and identity Li Tingji was born in 1542, died in 1616, and was a jinshi and official of the Ming dynasty.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The identity fields give the name, birth year, death year, and Ming affiliation.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The profile and biographical text identify him as a Ming figure with a jinshi career and give his life years.
    • WikidataLi Tingji (Q11096366)The English label and description identify Li Tingji as a Ming-dynasty jinshi of 1542–1616.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The authority entry confirms the name, dates, Ming affiliation, and jinshi status.
  2. [2] Names and posthumous title His courtesy name was Erzhang, his sobriquet Jiuwo or 久我, and his posthumous title was Wenjie, with Wenqing variants also preserved.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The alternate-name fields identify Erzhang as the courtesy name, Jiuwo and 久我 as studio names or sobriquets, and Wenjie and Wenqing as posthumous-title forms.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The profile and biographical passages use Erzhang, Jiuwo, and Wenjie.
    • WikidataLi Tingji (Q11096366)The name and claim fields preserve Erzhang, Jiuwo, 久我, Wenjie, and the Wenqing variant.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The authority entry lists Erzhang, Jiuwo, and Wenjie.
  3. [3] Native place Li Tingji was from Jinjiang in Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The address fields identify Jinjiang as his basic native-place address.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biography places him in Jinjiang, Quanzhou Prefecture, and the profile gives the modern location in Licheng, Quanzhou.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The birthplace field confirms the Quanzhou Prefecture location.
  4. [4] Examinations and entry into office He entered the Taixue as a tribute student, placed first in the Longqing provincial examination and the Wanli metropolitan examination, ranked second as the bangyan, and received appointment as a compiler.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biographical passage gives the Taixue entry, both examination results, the bangyan rank, and the appointment as compiler.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The examination and school entries confirm the first-class second rank, tribute-student status, and student status.
  5. [5] Family The family entries name his great-grandfather, grandfather, parents, younger brother, wife, and two sons.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The kinship fields list Li Minfu, Li Pu, Li Zongyu, Chen, Li Tingcai, Lin, Li Qitong, and Li Qixiong with their respective relationships.
  6. [6] Teacher Li Tingji was a student of Huang Motang.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The association fields define his relationship with Huang Motang as that of a student.
  7. [7] Official career He rose from compiler to jijiu, served in Nanjing as Vice Minister of Personnel, concurrently oversaw the Ministries of Revenue and Works, and later became Left Vice Minister of Rites.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biography lists jijiu, the Nanjing Personnel post, concurrent oversight of Revenue and Works, and the Left Vice Minister of Rites post, while describing his teaching and administration.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The office fields confirm the Personnel post and its Nanjing location.
  8. [8] Directorate and Nanjing appointments The office dates place the Directorate appointment in the twenty-fifth year of Wanli and the Nanjing Personnel appointment in the twenty-sixth.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The two office entries give the twenty-fifth-year Directorate appointment and the twenty-sixth-year Nanjing Personnel appointment.
  9. [9] Grand Secretariat and chief councillor The sources give two years for entry into the Grand Secretariat and describe his Eastern Pavilion and Wenyuan appointments and his position as chief grand councillor.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The two biographical passages differ between the thirty-fourth and thirty-fifth years of Wanli and together give the Rites, Eastern Pavilion, Wenyuan, and chief-councillor appointments.
  10. [10] Duration in the Secretariat The accounts differ over both the length of his affiliation with the Secretariat and the stated duration of his exercise of power.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)One passage gives six months in the Secretariat and nine months in power, while another gives six years in the Secretariat and nine months in power.
  11. [11] Impeachment and withdrawal Critics accused him of private exchanges with Shen Shixing and Shen Yiguan and others; he was impeached, repeatedly sought withdrawal, and obtained permission in the fortieth year of Wanli.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biographies describe the accusation involving Shen Shixing and Shen Yiguan, the impeachments, the repeated requests to leave, and the eventual approval.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The note adds that his stubbornness brought him into disagreement with Shen Yiguan and led him to seek departure.
  12. [12] Wanli thirty-sixth-year crisis In 1608, the discussion of Zhu Geng implicated Li Tingji; he withdrew behind closed doors and Ye Xianggao handled the Secretariat's affairs.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biography gives the 1608 Zhu Geng controversy, Li Tingji's seclusion, and Ye Xianggao's handling of Secretariat affairs.
  13. [13] Retirement struggle After years of attacks, he sold property to relieve the poor, sent his relatives to Quanzhou, secluded himself, made 120 submissions over five years, and finally returned home on his own.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biographical passage gives the continuing attacks, sale of the Beijing property, relief of the poor, return of relatives to Quanzhou, seclusion, five-year request, 120 memorials, and return home.
  14. [14] Retirement and posthumous honors He retired in 1612, returned home as Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent, died four years later, and received the posthumous titles Lesser Protector and Wenjie.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biographical passages and title list give the retirement, ninth-month promotion, return home, four-year interval before death, and posthumous honors.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The death-year and posthumous-name fields confirm the 1616 death and Wenjie title.
    • WikidataLi Tingji (Q11096366)The description and title fields preserve the Lesser Protector and Wenjie honors.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The death range falls in 1616, and the aliases include Wenjie.
  15. [15] Character Li Tingji was described as incorruptible and firm, but also stubborn and lacking a sense of the larger situation.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biographies associate him with incorruptibility and firmness while also describing him as obstinate and lacking a sense of the larger situation.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database李廷機 (A004028)The note describes his integrity, persistence, and stubborn character.
  16. [16] Withdrawal of troops During his participation in government, he advocated withdrawal in the Zhenxiong affair, after which the expedition did not occur and his judgment was praised.
    • Souyun李廷機 (47403)The biography describes Qiao Bixing's proposed attack, the unresolved discussion with Guizhou officials, Li Tingji's call to withdraw, and the subsequent praise.
  17. [17] Writing Li Tingji wrote the twenty-eight-juan Li Wenjie ji.
  18. [18] Correspondence and literary connections The collection-related entries connect Li Tingji with letters to Yang Daobin, replies to Ye Xianggao, a letter from Tang Xianzu, and prefaces by Zhao Shiqing and Tao Wangling.
    • CBDBLi Tingji (123964)The collection-related entries list letters sent to Yang Daobin, replies to Ye Xianggao, a letter from Tang Xianzu, and prefaces to his writings by Zhao Shiqing and Tao Wangling.