Cheng Minzheng

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Cheng Xin was his father; his great-grandfather was Cheng Dushou, his grandfather Cheng Sheng, and his mother was surnamed Lin. He married a daughter of Li Xian; his younger brothers were Cheng Minde and Cheng Minxing, and his son was Cheng Xun.[5]

As a child, he accompanied his father to Sichuan. The Sichuan governor Luo Qi recommended him as a child prodigy, and after the Yingzong Emperor summoned him for examination, he was ordered to study at the Hanlin Academy.[6] His early examination record also lists him as a licentiate and a provincial recommended candidate. In 1462 he placed second in the Shuntian provincial examination; in 1466 he passed as the second-ranked candidate in the first class, the bangyan, and was appointed a Hanlin compiler.[7]

While serving as a compiler, he participated in the compilation of the *Da Ming yitong zhi* and *Hongwu zhengyun*. When the *Xu Tongjian gangmu* was completed in 1476, he was promoted the following year to Left Admonisher in the Left Spring Office.[8]

By 1487 he had been promoted to Junior Administrator of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent, concurrently serving as an Academician Lecturer, and he also took charge of the academy. He was impeached and forced into retirement in the tenth month of the first Hongzhi year.[9] At the opening of the 1488 court lectures, he lectured in the rear hall of the Palace of Literary Brilliance on the *Book of Documents*, the *Mencius*, and the *Extended Meaning of the Great Learning*; after the lecture, the emperor addressed the lecturers as “先生,” and in the seventh month Cheng received a gold-woven crimson robe, a gold belt, a black gauze cap, and black boots.[10]

He was cleared in 1492 and returned to Beijing the following year, resuming his former offices and the court lectures. His later offices included Grand Court卿, Director of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Academician Reader; he ultimately became Vice Minister of Rites and also served in the imperial lecture corps. His career was marked by repeated impeachments and two forced retirements.[11]

Scholarship and writings

Cheng was known for the breadth of his learning; a contemporary saying paired “Cheng Minzheng for breadth of learning” with “Li Dongyang for the finest prose.”[12]

Examination case and posthumous status

In 1499, Cheng presided over the metropolitan examination and greatly admired Tang Yin’s provincial-examination essays. Rumors that Xu Jing, a wealthy candidate from Jiangyin who was sitting with Tang Yin, had bribed Cheng’s household servant to obtain the examination questions led Hu Chang to impeach Cheng on suspicion that he had leaked them in advance; Cheng, Xu Jing, and Tang Yin were imprisoned.[13] The case generated competing accounts: one said that Xu had bribed the servant and that Hu therefore brought the impeachment; Lin Tingyu, a co-examiner, listed six doubts concerning the setting, reading, and selection of the papers and sought Hu’s release; Li Dongyang’s re-examination found that the papers Cheng had praised were not those of Tang and Xu; the Zhenfu Office judged the prison depositions of Hu and Xu contradictory and the truth difficult to determine; another interpretation attributed the impeachment to Fu Han’s attempt to bring Cheng down.[14] Cheng was ultimately dismissed and sent home, developed an abscess several days later, and died; he was posthumously honored as Minister of Rites.[15]

His works include *Xin’an wenxian zhi* (新安文獻志), *Ming wenheng* (明文衡), and *Huangdun ji* (篁墩集); the titles *Huangdun wenji* (篁墩文集) and *Huangdun zhengxu ji* (篁墩正續集) also occur, and a 93-juan *Huangdun ji* is attested. Other works include *Daoyi bian* (道一編), *Qingzhou ji* (晴洲集), and *Rongxuan gao* (容軒稿).[16] The *Huangdun ji* contains abundant poetry: one assessment praised its best pieces as worthy of a leading author of the period, while faulting the collection for diffuseness and insufficient pruning.[17]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1492 掌太常卿事 弘治
  2. 1492 翰林院侍讀學士 弘治
  3. 1499 會試考試官 弘治

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
掌太常卿事1492弘治
翰林院侍讀學士1492弘治
會試考試官1499弘治
Year unknown10
OfficeEraPosting
侍講學士Era unknownUnknown
少詹事Era unknownUnknown
左諭德Era unknownUnknown
掌詹事府事弘治Unknown
禮部右侍郎Era unknownUnknown
禮部尚書Era unknownUnknown
經筵官Era unknownUnknown
編修Era unknownUnknown
詹事府少詹事成化Unknown
詹事府詹事弘治Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖程杜壽–
祖父程晟–
父程信1417–1479
岳父李賢1408–1466
母林氏(程敏政母)–
弟程敏德–
弟程敏行–
妻子李氏(程敏政妻)–
子程壎–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一 行第
  • 克勤 字
  • 暖道 室名、別號
  • 篁墩 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者:文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
華㫤被華㫤彈劾–
程淮推薦–
羅綺被羅綺推薦–
李賢被李賢欣賞/器重–
朱祁鎮被朱祁鎮欣賞/器重–
彭時被彭時欣賞/器重–
汪本欣賞/器重–
程元鳳為程元鳳所著書作序–
吳儆為吳儆所著書作序–
謝翱為謝翱所著書作序–
程琳為程琳作墓誌銘–
程珫為程珫作墓誌銘–
程璠為程璠作墓誌銘–
程顥為程顥作墓誌銘–
程珦為程珦作墓誌銘–
程頤為程頤作墓誌銘–
程嗣弼為程嗣弼作墓誌銘–
程瑜為程瑜作墓誌銘–
陳氏(程琳妻)為陳氏(程琳妻)作墓誌銘–
程立信為程立信作墓誌銘–
程相為程相作墓誌銘–
程放為程放作墓誌銘–
程元鳳為程元鳳作墓誌銘–
朱氏(程逵妻)為朱氏(程逵妻)作墓誌銘–
程可大為程可大作墓誌銘–
程用之為程用之作墓誌銘–
程克一為程克一作墓誌銘–
程晞尹為程晞尹作墓誌銘–
程端愨為程端愨作墓誌銘–
程夢子為程夢子作墓誌銘–
蔣琬為蔣琬作墓誌銘–
李㫤為李㫤作墓誌銘–
李銘為李銘作墓誌銘–
洪寛為洪寛作墓誌銘–
高濟為高濟作墓誌銘–
孫忠為孫忠作墓誌銘–
孫璉為孫璉作墓誌銘–
凌錦為凌錦作墓誌銘–
張文為張文作墓誌銘–
張文質為張文質作墓誌銘–
陳應為陳應作墓誌銘–
程佲為程佲作墓誌銘–
程泰為程泰作墓誌銘–
滕昭為滕昭作墓誌銘–
程珦為程珦所著書作跋–
陳櫟為陳櫟所著書作跋1496–
汪克寬為汪克寬所著書作跋1496–
程楚翁為程楚翁所著書作跋–
程元鳳為程元鳳作字說、名述–
汎東之傳記作者為汎東之–
程克俊為程克俊作傳–
程邁為程邁作傳–
程師孟為程師孟作傳–
侯氏(程珦妻)為侯氏(程珦妻)作傳–
程珌為程珌作傳–
程洙為程洙作傳–
程若庸為程若庸作傳–
程元鳳為程元鳳作傳–
陸容為陸容作傳–
程通為程通作傳–
程直方為程直方作傳–
程鳴鳳為程鳴鳳作傳–
楊守陳為楊守陳作傳–
仝寅為仝寅作傳–
王璵為王璵作傳–
洪寛為洪寛作傳–
祝仲寧為祝仲寧作傳–
湯胤勣為湯胤勣作傳–
楊太榮為楊太榮作傳–
韓士琦為韓士琦作傳–
程克俊為程克俊作祭文–
程琳為程琳作祭文–
程大昌為程大昌作祭文–
程卓為程卓作祭文–
程元岳為程元岳作祭文–
程端本為程端本作祭文–
程鉅夫為程鉅夫之書、畫作跋–
王淵為王淵之書、畫作跋–
李溥光為李溥光之書、畫作跋–
程鼎為程鼎作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
姜綰為姜綰作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
汪進為汪進作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
程琳為程琳作諡議–
程顥為程顥作諡議–
程顥為程顥作諡議–
程頤為程頤作諡議–
程頤為程頤作諡議–
程大昌為程大昌作諡議–
李東陽同僚–
程信為程信作碑陰–
程瞳其著作為程瞳所研讀–
康永韶向康永韶致賀–
張巒向張巒致賀–
程羽為程羽作神道碑–
程全為程全作神道碑–
陳氏(程大昌母)為陳氏(程大昌母)作神道碑–
張欽為張欽作神道碑–
秦夔為秦夔作神道碑–
張謙為張謙作神道碑–
程鼎為程鼎作墓表–

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ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第一甲第二名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
宋遺民錄
篁墩文集
道一編撰著者
新安文獻志撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Dates Cheng Minzheng is generally dated to 1445–1499, while another entry gives 1446 as his birth year.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The name and principal dates are Cheng Minzheng, 1445, and 1499.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The profile and biographical entry give 1445 as the birth year and 1499 as the death year.
    • WikidataCheng Minzheng (Q15917005)The English label is Cheng Minzheng, with time values corresponding to 1445 and 1499.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The name is Cheng Minzheng; the date ranges place his birth in 1446 and his death in 1499.
  2. [2] Identity Cheng Minzheng was a Ming scholar, writer, official, and scholar of Neo-Confucianism and bibliographical studies.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The profile identifies him with the Ming dynasty and as a literary figure; the biographies call him a Ming writer and political figure.
    • WikidataCheng Minzheng (Q15917005)The descriptions identify him as a Ming literary figure and political figure.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The classification is Ming, and the biographical note explicitly includes scholar, writer, Neo-Confucian, and bibliographical-scholar identities.
  3. [3] Names The name data gives his courtesy name, style names, order name, and additional aliases.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The alternate-name fields identify the order name Yi, the courtesy name Keqin, and the style names Nuandao and Huangdun.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The profile lists Keqin, Huangdun, and Liunuan Daoren.
    • WikidataCheng Minzheng (Q15917005)The name list includes Keqin and Cheng Minzheng.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The aliases include Cheng Keqin, Cheng Huangdun, Huangdun Jushi, Huangdun Laoren, Liunuan Daoren, and Cheng Xiangyi.
  4. [4] Native place The traditions concerning his native place, birthplace, and later residence diverge.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The address fields list Hejian, Xiuning, and Xiuning as the household place.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The profile gives Huizhou Xiuning, while the biography gives the Hejian, capital-birth, and ancestral Xiuning Huangdun traditions.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The birthplace field gives Shexian, and the note says that the family moved to Huangdun in Shexian, producing the Huangdun appellation.
  5. [5] Family The family relationships include Cheng Xin, the Cheng paternal line, Lin as his mother, Li Xian as his father-in-law, his brothers, wife, and son.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The kinship fields list Cheng Dushou, Cheng Sheng, Cheng Xin, Lin, Li Xian, Cheng Minde, Cheng Minxing, Li as his wife, and Cheng Xun as his son.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies identify Cheng Xin as his father and say that Li Xian married his daughter to Cheng.
  6. [6] Early life His early reputation rested on a recommendation as a prodigy and an imperial summons to study at the Hanlin Academy.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies describe his childhood in Sichuan, Luo Qi's recommendation, the imperial examination, and the order to study at the Hanlin Academy.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The association fields identify Luo Qi as the recommender and record the Yingzong Emperor's summons and approval.
  7. [7] Examinations and appointment His examination record spans the licentiate and provincial recommended-candidate stages, the 1462 provincial examination, and the 1466 first-class second place that led to his appointment as a compiler.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The examination fields list the licentiate, provincial recommended candidate, and first-class second-ranked presented scholar stages, while the office field lists the compiler appointment.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biography gives second place in the 1462 Shuntian examination, first-class second place in 1466, the bangyan designation, and the Hanlin compiler appointment.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The summary confirms the 1466 presented-scholar success.
  8. [8] Compilation work His early official career included participation in major compilations and promotion after the completion of the Xu Tongjian gangmu.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biography records his participation in the Da Ming yitong zhi and Hongwu zhengyun compilations and his promotion after the 1476 completion of the Xu Tongjian gangmu.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The office fields list the compiler and Left Admonisher posts.
  9. [9] Hongzhi court career He rose to a high Hanlin and heir-apparent office, was impeached and retired, and took part in the court lectures before that retirement.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies record the 1487 promotion to shao zhanshi with a concurrent lecturing office, his charge of the academy, and his impeachment and forced retirement in the first Hongzhi year.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The office fields list shao zhanshi, the lecturing scholar office, and the Directorate of the Heir Apparent post.
  10. [10] Imperial lectures The Hongzhi lecture record includes the texts taught, the form of imperial address, and the clothing and insignia awarded to him.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The lecture account records the three texts, the emperor's address of the lecturers as先生, and the robe, belt, cap, and boots awarded in the seventh month.
  11. [11] Rehabilitation and offices After rehabilitation he returned to office and advanced through several major posts, while his career included repeated impeachments and two forced retirements.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies record rehabilitation, the return to Beijing and court lectures, and the posts of Court of Imperial Sacrifices president, Director, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Vice Minister of Rites.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The office fields list Academician Reader, imperial lecture official, Vice Minister of Rites, Court of Imperial Sacrifices office, and Director of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The summary states that he reached the Vice Minister of Rites post, was repeatedly impeached, and was forced to resign twice.
  12. [12] Scholarly reputation His learning was praised for its breadth, in a saying that contrasted him with Li Dongyang's literary reputation.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies call his learning broad and preserve the saying contrasting Cheng's learning with Li Dongyang's prose.
  13. [13] Examination case The 1499 examination controversy involved Tang Yin's essays, an alleged leak of the questions, Hu Chang's impeachment, and imprisonment.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies record Cheng's 1499 chief examination role, his admiration for Tang Yin's paper, the rumor of Xu Jing's bribery and question acquisition, Hu Chang's impeachment, and the imprisonment of Cheng, Xu, and Tang.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The office record places him as a 1499 examination official, and the association record names Hu Chang in connection with the impeachment.
  14. [14] Competing accounts The accounts of the case preserve uncertainty about the acquisition of the questions, the reading and selection of papers, the prison testimony, and the political motive for the impeachment.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biography gives the competing narratives involving Xu Jing, Lin Tingyu, Li Dongyang, the Zhenfu Office, and Fu Han.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The association record connects Hu Chang with Cheng's impeachment.
  15. [15] Death and posthumous honor He was dismissed, sent home, died after developing an abscess, and received a posthumous honor as Minister of Rites.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies record his dismissal, return home, death after an abscess, and posthumous honor as Minister of Rites.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The summary records his imprisonment late in life and death after developing an abscess.
  16. [16] Works His recorded works include the Xinan, Ming, Huangdun, Daoyi, Qingzhou, and Rongxuan titles, with variant Huangdun titles and a 93-juan edition.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The biographies list Xin'an wenxian zhi, Ming wenheng, Huangdun ji, Huangdun zhengxu ji, and a 93-juan Huangdun ji.
    • CBDBCheng Minzheng (29602)The works fields list Huangdun wenji and identify Daoyi bian and Xin'an wenxian zhi as authored works.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database程敏政 (A009855)The note lists Qingzhou ji, Rongxuan gao, and Xin'an wenxian zhi among his works.
  17. [17] Poetry assessment The surviving poetry was praised for its best pieces but criticized for diffuseness and insufficient pruning.
    • Souyun程敏政 (50494)The literary assessment says that Huangdun ji contains abundant poetry, praises its finest pieces, and criticizes its lack of pruning.