Feng Qi

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Family and examinations

Feng Qi belonged to the Feng lineage of Linqu and was a great-grandson of Feng Yu. His grandfather was Feng Weizhong, his father Feng Zilü, and his mother was of the Song family.[4] His elder brother was Feng Zhang; his younger brothers were Feng Xun, Feng Yuan, Feng Xuan, Feng Ji, Feng Cong, Feng Sui, Feng Wan, and Feng Ke. His wife was Jiang.[5]

Regarded as exceptionally bright in childhood, he could memorize a thousand words a day after beginning instruction. He was successively a student of the prefectural and provincial schools, a shengyuan, and a provincial recommended candidate ranked 117. In 1577, the fifth year of the Wanli era, he passed the examination in the second class, twenty-second place, on Shen Maoxue’s list.[6]

Official career and policy

Feng Qi entered the Hanlin through the shujishi and was appointed bianxiu. He helped compile the Da Ming Huidian; when the work was completed, he was promoted to reader and assigned to the lecture court. His offices included Shao Zhanshi (詹事府少詹事), Right Vice Minister of Rites, Right Vice Minister of Personnel, and Reader in the Hanlin; the office of Vice Minister of Personnel is also recorded without the qualifier “Right.” He presided over the metropolitan examination, became Left Vice Minister, and was then promoted to Minister of Rites concurrently with a Hanlin academician.[7] After Yu Jideng died in the twenty-eighth year of the Wanli era, Feng succeeded him as Minister of Rites.[8]

As a Rites official, he submitted a memorial asking that the mining taxes be suspended and the tax supervisors recalled from the various regions, but the proposals failed. He also forcefully argued against the abuses of students’ devotion to Buddhism and requested that it be restricted.[9] In the fifth month of Wanli 30, as Vice Minister of Rites, he submitted another memorial on the harm caused by the mining taxes, citing unrest, fires, the seizure of official buildings and revenue, and executions and confiscations in Yunnan, Guangdong, Shaanxi, the Huai regions, and Liaodong; he warned that the situation was disintegrating and disorder was imminent, but received no follow-up.[10]

Feng Qi was deeply hostile to what he regarded as heterodox teachings in the intellectual world. He directed his criticism at Li Zhi, accusing him of abandoning Confucius and Mencius and denigrating Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi.[11]

Associations and writings

Xu Xueju wrote a preface to one of his books, while Yu Shenxing and Li Weizhen wrote prefaces to his books; Yuan Hongdao was his pupil. Feng Qi also discussed learning with Matteo Ricci[12] and exchanged letters with Feng Mengzhen, Wang Shizhen, Lü Kun, and Yu Jideng.[13] His writing activities included composing epitaphs, biographies, sacrificial texts, lamentations, and tomb inscriptions for others, as well as prefaces, gifted poems and prose, and farewell writings.[14]

His recorded works include Danranxuan ji (《淡然軒集》), Beihai ji (《北海集》) in forty-six juan, Jingji leibian (《經濟類編》) in one hundred juan, and Zongbo ji (《宗伯集》) in eighty-one juan. Jingji leibian is identified as a compilation, while Zongbo ji is identified as an authored work; he also took part in compiling the Da Ming Huidian.[15]

Death and posthumous honors

In the thirty-first year of the Wanli era (1603), Feng Qi collapsed while attending a banquet held by Prince Fu. He returned home and soon became gravely ill; he was posthumously granted the rank of Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent and the name Wenmin.[16]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown6
OfficeEraPosting
吏部侍郎Era unknownUnknown
庶吉士Era unknownUnknown
禮部右侍郎Era unknownUnknown
禮部尚書Era unknownUnknown
編修Era unknownUnknown
詹事府少詹事萬曆Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖馮裕–
祖父馮惟重–
父馮子履–
母宋氏(馮琦母)–
兄馮璋–
弟馮珣–
弟馮瑗–
弟馮璇–
弟馮璣–
弟馮琮–
弟馮璲–
弟馮琬–
弟馮珂–
妻子姜氏(馮琦妻)–

AliasesCBDB

  • 二 行第
  • 北海 室名、別號
  • 文敏 諡號
  • 琢吾 室名、別號
  • 琢菴 字
  • 用韞 字

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
徐學聚為徐學聚所著書作序–
于愼行書序由于愼行所作–
李維楨書序由李維楨所作–
袁宏道弟子為袁宏道–
王錫爵墓誌銘由王錫爵所作–
王之猷為王之猷作墓誌銘–
王允武為王允武作墓誌銘–
石繼芳為石繼芳作墓誌銘–
麻永吉為麻永吉作墓誌銘–
張夢鯉為張夢鯉作墓誌銘–
利瑪竇論學–
李若訥傳記作者為李若訥–
汪鏜為汪鏜作傳–
唐維城為唐維城作傳–
溫純祭文由溫純所作–
王錫爵祭文由王錫爵所作–
鄧原岳祭文由鄧原岳所作–
莊天合祭文由莊天合所作–
薛三才為薛三才作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
余繼登臨別得到余繼登所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
于愼行哀辭由于愼行所作–
陳于陛向陳于陛致賀–
陳于陛向陳于陛致賀–
黃輝從黃輝處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
朱賡墓表由朱賡所作–
王允武為王允武作墓表–
王庭譔為王庭譔作墓表–
張鹵為張鹵作墓表–
余繼登為余繼登作行狀–
馮子咸為馮子咸作行狀–
劉應節為劉應節作行狀–
宋伯華為宋伯華作行狀–
馮夢禎致書馮夢禎–
馮夢禎致書馮夢禎–
黃洪憲致書黃洪憲–
沈鯉致書沈鯉–
余繼登致書余繼登–
余繼登致書余繼登–
王象晉致書王象晉–
王衡致書王衡–
王衡致書王衡–
王衡致書王衡–
沈一貫致書沈一貫–
張位致書張位–
張位致書張位–
張位致書張位–
張位致書張位–
張位致書張位–
趙世卿致書趙世卿–
楊巍致書楊巍–
楊巍致書楊巍–
呂坤致書呂坤–
呂坤致書呂坤–
朱鴻謨致書朱鴻謨–
李化龍致書李化龍–
王祖嫡致書王祖嫡–
王祖嫡致書王祖嫡–
王基致書王基–
王基致書王基–
王基致書王基–
邢玠致書邢玠–
邢玠致書邢玠–
邢玠致書邢玠–
郜光先致書郜光先–
郭四維致書郭四維–
張問明致書張問明–
張問明致書張問明–
張鹵致書張鹵–
魏允貞致書魏允貞–
余寅致書余寅–
馮夢禎被致書由馮夢禎–
馮夢禎被致書由馮夢禎–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
袁宏道被致書由袁宏道–
郭正域被致書由郭正域–
郭正域被致書由郭正域–
郭正域被致書由郭正域–
郭正域被致書由郭正域–
王庭譔被致書由王庭譔–
張維新被致書由張維新–
費尚伊被致書由費尚伊–
馮夢禎答馮夢禎書–
蕭彥答蕭彥書–
蕭彥答蕭彥書–
蕭彥答蕭彥書–
黃洪憲答黃洪憲書–
黃洪憲答黃洪憲書–
王世貞答王世貞書–
葛昕答葛昕書–
葛昕答葛昕書–
沈思孝答沈思孝書–
王象晉答王象晉書–
王象乾答王象乾書–
韓世能答韓世能書–
唐文獻答唐文獻書–
唐文獻答唐文獻書–
王衡答王衡書–
朱賡答朱賡書–
趙世卿答趙世卿書–
耿定向答耿定向書–

Showing the first 100 of 154 records; the interactive page loads the full list.

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第二甲第二十二名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)
州、府學生

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
淡然軒集
北海集:四十六卷
經濟類編一百卷編纂者
宗伯集八十一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates, and status The basic record names Feng Qi as a Ming person born in 1548 and deceased in 1603, while another account gives 1558–1603; the English text preserves the discrepancy.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The basic record gives the name Feng Qi, birth year 1548, death year 1603, and Ming dynasty.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biographical entries give 1558–1603 and identify him as a Ming figure.
  2. [2] Names and posthumous title The text distinguishes the courtesy-name, hao, sobriquets, family birth-order designation, and posthumous name, retaining the different forms Zhuoan and Zhuo’an.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The alternative-name data list the family birth-order designation, Beihai and Zhuowu as sobriquets, Wenmin as the posthumous name, and Zhuoan and Yongyun as courtesy names.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biographical entries give Yongyun and Zhuo’an as names, record Wenmin as the posthumous name, and use Zhuo’an as a hao in one account.
  3. [3] Native place and birth-date variant The place data give Linqu and Guangning Left Guard as ancestral-place entries; another biography supplies the 1558 birth date and its cyclical-date formulation.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The address entries list Linqu and Guangning Left Guard as ancestral places.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The profile gives Linqu County in Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong, and the biography gives 23 November 1558 and the twenty-third day of the eleventh month in the Jia-jing wuwu year.
  4. [4] Lineage and immediate family One biography identifies him as a great-grandson of Feng Yu from the Linqu Feng lineage; the family data identify his grandfather, father, and mother.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biography says that he came from the Linqu Feng lineage and was Feng Yu’s great-grandson.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The family data list great-grandfather Feng Yu, grandfather Feng Weizhong, father Feng Zilü, and mother of the Song family.
  5. [5] Siblings and wife The family data identify Feng Zhang as the elder brother, eight named younger brothers, and Jiang as the wife.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The family data mark Feng Zhang as an elder brother, Feng Xun, Feng Yuan, Feng Xuan, Feng Ji, Feng Cong, Feng Sui, Feng Wan, and Feng Ke as younger brothers, and Jiang as his wife.
  6. [6] Early ability and examinations The biography describes his exceptional childhood intelligence and daily memorization; the examination entries give his school status, provincial-candidate rank, and jinshi placement, while the biography supplies 1577 and Shen Maoxue’s list.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biography describes exceptional childhood intelligence, daily memorization of a thousand words, and the 1577 second-class, twenty-second-place jinshi result on Shen Maoxue’s list.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The examination and school entries list prefectural and provincial students, a shengyuan, a provincial-candidate rank of 117, and a second-class, twenty-second-place jinshi result.
  7. [7] Hanlin and official career The biographical account and office list trace his entry as a shujishi, appointment as bianxiu, compilation of the Da Ming Huidian, promotion to reader and lecture service, and subsequent offices; the wording retains the distinction between Right Vice Minister of Personnel and the simpler office form.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The profile titles and biography list shujishi, bianxiu, Shao Zhanshi, Vice Minister of Personnel, Hanlin historiographical compiler, compiler, reader, lecture service, Right Vice Minister of Rites, Right Vice Minister of Personnel, Hanlin offices, Reader, Left Vice Minister, and Minister of Rites concurrently with a Hanlin academician, with the biography supplying their sequence.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The office entries list Palace Secretariat Shao Zhanshi, shujishi, bianxiu, Right Vice Minister of Rites, Vice Minister of Personnel, and Minister of Rites.
  8. [8] Succession as Minister of Rites The biography states that after Yu Jideng died in Wanli 28, Feng Qi succeeded him as Minister of Rites.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biography gives the death of Yu Jideng and Feng Qi’s succession as Minister of Rites in that order.
  9. [9] Mining-tax and Buddhist-policy memorials The biographical entry records his unsuccessful request to suspend mining taxes and recall tax supervisors, followed by his criticism of students’ Buddhist devotion and request for restrictions.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biographical entry records the request to suspend mining taxes and recall tax supervisors, its failure, and the criticism of students’ Buddhist devotion with a request for restrictions.
  10. [10] Second mining-tax memorial The detailed biography dates another mining-tax memorial to the fifth month of Wanli 30, lists the regional disturbances and losses, and says that the warning received no follow-up.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The detailed biography records the fifth-month Wanli 30 memorial, its examples from Yunnan, Guangdong, Shaanxi, the Huai regions, and Liaodong, the warning of imminent disorder, and the absence of a subsequent response.
  11. [11] Criticism of Li Zhi The detailed biography describes his hostility to heterodox teachings and his accusation that Li Zhi abandoned Confucius and Mencius and denigrated Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biography records his opposition to heterodox teachings and his criticism of Li Zhi as abandoning Confucius and Mencius and denigrating Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi.
  12. [12] Prefaces, pupil, and intellectual contacts The association entries identify Xu Xueju as writing a preface to one of Feng Qi’s books, Yu Shenxing and Li Weizhen as writing book prefaces, Yuan Hongdao as his pupil, and Matteo Ricci as a person with whom he discussed learning.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The association entries mark Xu Xueju as a preface writer, Yu Shenxing and Li Weizhen as book-preface writers, Yuan Hongdao as a pupil, and Matteo Ricci as a discussion partner on learning.
  13. [13] Correspondence The associations list letters sent to Feng Mengzhen and Lü Kun, a reply to Wang Shizhen, and a letter to Yu Jideng; the text summarizes these entries as correspondence.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The association entries record a letter to Feng Mengzhen, a reply to Wang Shizhen, a letter to Lü Kun, and a letter to Yu Jideng.
  14. [14] Forms of writing The associations record epitaphs, biographies, sacrificial texts, lamentations, tomb inscriptions, prefaces, farewell writings, and gifted poems or prose as forms of Feng Qi’s writing activity.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The associations separately identify writing epitaphs, biographies, sacrificial texts, lamentations, tomb inscriptions, prefaces, farewell writings, and gifted poems or prose.
  15. [15] Works The works data list Danranxuan ji, Beihai ji in forty-six juan, Jingji leibian in one hundred juan, and Zongbo ji in eighty-one juan, with the latter two identified respectively as a compilation and an authored work; the biographical entries also mention the Da Ming Huidian compilation.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The works data list Danranxuan ji, Beihai ji in forty-six juan, Jingji leibian in one hundred juan, and Zongbo ji in eighty-one juan, and identify the latter two roles as compiler and author.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The biographical entries mention Jingji leibian, Zongbo ji, Beihai ji, and Feng Qi’s participation in compiling the Da Ming Huidian.
  16. [16] Death and posthumous honors The detailed biography records his collapse at a Prince Fu banquet in Wanli 31, subsequent illness, and posthumous rank and name; the basic record confirms the 1603 death and Wenmin name.
    • Souyun馮琦 (42656)The detailed biography records the Wanli 31 banquet, collapse, illness, and posthumous rank and name; the profile lists Prince Fu and the posthumous rank.
    • CBDBFeng Qi (123637)The basic record confirms death in 1603 and the posthumous name Wenmin.