Sima Guang

TimelineCBDB

1. 1033 將作監主簿
2. 1039 丁母憂
3. 1039 簽書判官廳
4. 1044 簽書節度判官廳公事
5. 1044 舍人院
6. 1045 宣德郎
7. 1045 知某縣事
8. 1046 國子監直講
9. 1046 大理寺評事
10. 1049 大理寺丞
11. 1050 同知太常禮院
12. 1052 殿中省丞
13. 1052 集賢院校理
14. 1054 禮儀院
15. 1054 群牧判官
16. 1054 通判某州軍州事
17. 1058 推官
18. 1059 判三司度支勾院公事
19. 1061 同修起居注
20. 1061 同知諫院
21. 1061 少師 嘉祐
22. 1062 侍講
23. 1062 判國子監事
24. 1062 判登聞檢院事
25. 1062 天章閣待制
26. 1062 知制誥
27. 1062 知諫院
28. 1066 三公
29. 1067 御史中丞
30. 1067 翰林侍讀學士
31. 1067 翰林學士
32. 1068 史館修撰
33. 1068 知審官院事
34. 1070 安撫使
35. 1070 知某府軍府事 熙寧
36. 1070 端明殿學士
37. 1070 集賢殿修撰
38. 1071 判西京留守司御史臺
39. 1073 提舉宮觀
40. 1085 正議大夫
41. 1085 門下侍郎
42. 1086 丞相
43. 1086 國公
44. 1086 尚書左僕射兼門下侍郎 元祐

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 君實 字
• 文正 諡號
• 涑水先生 室名、別號
• 溫公 封爵
• 溫國公 封爵
• 迂叟 室名、別號
• 迂夫 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• [宰執]
• [為官者：文]
• 經學家—左傳
• 校堪學家
• [財政官員]
• 思想家
• 入元祐黨籍者

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Sima Guang lived from 1019 to 1086 and was a Northern Song statesman, historian, and writer.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The biographical index supplies Sima Guang's name, life dates, and Song affiliation.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries give the dates 1019–1086 and describe his official, historical, and literary activities.
   • WikidataSima Guang (Q33566)The English label and description identify him as a Chinese politician, writer, and historian of the Northern Song period and give his life dates.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority entry names him, assigns him to the Northern Song, and calls him a Northern Song official.
2. [2] Style names and origin He was styled Junshi, used Yufu and Yusou as sobriquets, was known as Sushui xiansheng, and came from Xie County in Shanzhou's Sushui township.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The alternative-name and address entries provide Junshi, Sushui xiansheng, Yusou, Yufu, and Xie County.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries give his style and sobriquets and place him in Xie County's Sushui township.
   • WikidataSima Guang (Q33566)The traditional-character alias list includes Junshi, Sushui xiansheng, Yusou, and Yufu.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The aliases and birthplace fields provide the forms Sima Junshi, Sima Yufu, Sima Yusou, Sushui xiansheng, and Xia County.
3. [3] Family and entry into service Sima Guang was Sima Chi's son and entered official service through hereditary protection after showing early intelligence and eagerness to learn.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entry identifies him as Sima Chi's son, describes his early intelligence and love of learning, and says that he entered office through his father's protection.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The kinship, entry, and appointment entries jointly provide Sima Chi, hereditary protection, and the post of Jiangzuo jian zhubu.
4. [4] Wife and son His wife was surnamed Zhang, and his son was Sima Kang.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The kinship entries identify Zhang as his wife and Sima Kang as his son.
5. [5] Early examination and offices The examination year appears in two forms, Jingyou 5 and Baoyuan 1, both corresponding to 1038; the early career included Suzhou, Wucheng Army, the Palace Library, Bingzhou, and later central offices.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The three biographical entries give the Jingyou and Baoyuan dating variants, the A-division jinshi description, and the sequence of early appointments from Suzhou and Wucheng Army through the Palace Library, Bingzhou, Kaifeng, and other offices.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note confirms the Baoyuan 1 (1038) examination and early appointments as Fengli lang, judicial assessor, and Palace Library collator.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The examination and appointment entries list the jinshi status, Suzhou and Wucheng Army posts, Palace Library collator, Bingzhou associate prefect, Kaifeng judicial aide, and the later offices named in the paragraph.
6. [6] Remonstrance and opposition to the New Policies He remonstrated over the succession and later opposed Wang Anshi's New Policies, arguing that ancestral institutions should not be changed.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries describe his remonstrances during the succession crisis, Yingzong-era offices, Shenzong-era appointments, and debates with Wang Anshi over the New Policies.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note confirms his later dismissal of the New Faction and abolition of the New Policies.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The appointment entries provide the Hanlin academician, vice censor-in-chief, director of the Court of Reviewing Officials, military pacification commissioner, and Yongxing-related offices in this career phase.
7. [7] Retirement at Luoyang and historical work Between the third and fourth years of Xining, he left for Yongxing and the Western Capital Censorate, then settled at Luoyang to devote himself to history and avoid current political discussion.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries differ slightly in dating the move from Yongxing to the Western Capital Censorate and Luoyang, but jointly describe his fifteen-year retirement and historical work.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The appointment and residence entries give the 1070 Yongxing-related post, the 1071–1073 Western Capital Censorate appointment, the Duanming and Hanlin reader titles, and Luoyang as the later residence.
8. [8] Yuanyou Restoration After Zhezong's accession, Sima Guang entered the government, promoted former officials, abolished the New Policies, and restored the old system in the change known as the Yuanyou Restoration.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries describe Grand Empress Dowager Gao's regency, Sima Guang's recall, his Yuanyou appointment, the officials he promoted, and the restoration of the former system.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note identifies the dismissal of the New Faction and abolition of the New Policies as the Yuanyou Restoration.
   • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The appointment and political-association entries give Menxia shilang, chief councillor, shangshu zuo puye, and the context of Gao's regency and the abolition of the New Policies.
9. [9] Four reigns He served under the four Northern Song emperors Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note explicitly says that he served through the reigns of Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong.
   • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The career narratives present his service in chronological order across the four reigns.
10. [10] Death and posthumous honors He died in the ninth month of Yuanyou 1 at the age of sixty-eight after eight months as chief councillor, and received posthumous honors and the name Wenzheng.
    • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries provide the eight-month tenure, ninth-month death in Yuanyou 1, age sixty-eight, and the posthumous titles and name.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note confirms the posthumous grant of Grand Preceptor and the name Wenzheng, which also appears among the aliases.
    • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The index, appointment, and alternative-name entries jointly provide the 1086 death year, Grand Preceptor, chief-councillor office, Duke of Wenguo, and Wenzheng.
11. [11] Compilation of the Zizhi Tongjian Sima Guang began with the Tongzhi, continued and renamed it as the Zizhi Tongjian, completed it in the seventh year of Yuanfeng, and produced a chronological general history with the associated Kao Yi.
    • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries describe the initial Tongzhi, the court's continuation project, Shenzong's renaming, completion in Yuanfeng 7, and the 324-juan work with its 30-juan Kao Yi.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note calls the Zizhi Tongjian the first chronological general history in Chinese history.
    • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The writings list includes the Zizhi Tongjian and the Zizhi Tongjian Kao Yi.
12. [12] Principal writings His writings also included an 80-juan collected works, several chronological and historical books, and the Tongjian juyao li.
    • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The biographical entries list the 80-juan collected works, 80-juan Tongli, 20-juan Jigu lu, and 10-juan Sushui jiwen.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database司馬光 (A011348)The authority note adds the Tongjian juyao li and Jigu lu to his writings.
13. [13] Additional authored works The writings entries mark Qianxu, Fayan jizhu, Jiafan, Jizhu Taixuan jing, Wen gong Yishuo, Sushui jiayi, Guju xiangqi tu, Touhu ge, and Touhu yijie as works he authored.
    • CBDBSima Guang (1488)The writings entries mark each of these titles with the role of author.
14. [14] Poetry and commentaries Fourteen juan of poetry, additional poems and fragments, three ci lyrics, and commentaries on the listed classics are all attributed to Sima Guang in the biographical entries.
    • Souyun司馬光 (23461)The literary entries provide fourteen juan of poetry, poems and fragments outside the collection, three ci lyrics, and commentaries on the Yi, Xiaojing, Laozi, Fayan, and Taixuan.