Yang Yi

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His grandfather is named as either Yang Wenyi or Yang Shou; his grand-uncle was Yang Huizhi, and his mother was Zhang.[2]

His younger brothers were Yang Wei, Yang Yi (楊倚), Yang Bei, and Yang Zhuo; his cousin was Zhang Dexiang, and his brother-in-law was Li Qiong.[3]

Zhang Mian is also listed as a relative by marriage. Yang Hong appears both as a nephew and as an adopted heir, while Yang Bangbi was his great-great-grandson.[4]

At eleven, in the first year of Yongxi (984), Emperor Taizong summoned him to compose poetry and fu, appointing him Corrector of the Palace Library; Zhang Quhua tested him in the boys’ examination and recommended him to court. In the third year of Chunhua (992), he was granted the jinshi degree and appointed Assistant at the Court of Imperial Sacrifices; in the fourth year he served at the Jixian Academy, and in the second year of Zhidao (996) became Literary Secretary.[5]

At the beginning of Emperor Zhenzong’s reign, Yang Yi helped compile the Veritable Records of Taizong. When the work was completed in 998, he requested an appointment outside the capital in order to attend to his family and became prefect of Chuzhou; recalled in 1000, he was appointed Left Remonstrator and in 1001 became Drafter of Edicts.[6]

In 1005 he joined Wang Qinruo in compiling the Cefu Yuangui.[7]

In 1006 he was summoned as an Academician of the Hanlin Academy, helped revise the national history, and later served in the offices overseeing communications with the throne and the Silver Terrace, as well as director of the History Institute.[8]

In the sixth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1013), he was appointed Taichang shaoqing in charge of the western capital; in the seventh year he again became prefect of Chuzhou and, after returning to the capital, served as deputy commissioner for ceremonial regulations, director of the Court of Ceremonial, and superintendent of the Palace Library and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.[9]

In the second year of Tianxi (1018), he became Vice Minister of Works. In the third year he served provisionally as joint director of the metropolitan examinations, but was demoted to Supervisor of the Palace Library for errors in grading; in the fourth year he returned as a Hanlin Academician, concurrently serving as a compiler of the History Institute and its director, and died in the twelfth month at the age of forty-seven.[10]

Intellectual and religious life

His character was described as upright, firm, and uncompromising, and he valued friendship. He was friendly with Wang Dan, Liu Jun, and Xie Jiang, and was also a friend of Liu Shi; Liu Jun was initially recognized and promoted by him, later equaled him in reputation, and together they were known as Yang-Liu.[11]

Well versed in institutions and ceremonial precedents, Yang Yi was active in encouraging younger men. He recommended Zhang Dexiang, judging him broad-minded and possessed of the qualities of a chief minister.[12]

When he was young, he once asked Li Zhaogou to compose a fu and praised the finished piece; he also recognized Huang Jian for his literary style and brought him into his circle.[13]

As a lay Buddhist, Yang Yi was regarded as a disciple in the lineage of the Chan master Guanghui Lian (951–1036), the eleventh generation under Dajian. He was repeatedly summoned to compile Buddhist canon catalogues and to collate the Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp, and he joined Wang Qinruo in directing the Cefu Yuangui.[14]

Literary achievement

Yang Yi wrote with rapid talent, precision, and formal control; he excelled at fu composition, modeled his poetry on Li Shangyin, and was known for ornate diction and the Xikun style.[15]

He exchanged poems with Liu Jun, Qian Weiyan, and others, compiling the two-juan Xikun Chouchang ji; one ci lyric, “Shaonian you,” is also preserved.[16]

Works

His prolific writings included the collections 《括蒼》, 《武夷》, 《潁陰》, 《韓城》, 《退居》, 《汝陽》, 《蓬山》, 《冠鼇》, and 《辭榮》, as well as 《內外制》 and 《刀筆》, together comprising 194 juan. Only the twenty-juan 《武夷新集》 survives, while 《楊文公談苑》 is a one-juan work.[17]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 998 知某州軍州事

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
知某州軍州事9981000Era unknown處州
Year unknown7
OfficeEraPosting
分司Era unknownUnknown
史館修撰Era unknownUnknown
尚書省工部侍郎Era unknownUnknown
殿中省尚舍奉御Era unknownUnknown
知某府軍府事Era unknown應天府
翰林學士Era unknownUnknown
輕車都尉Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
祖父楊文逸913–977
祖父楊授–
從祖;伯叔祖楊徽之920–999
母張氏(楊億母)–1019
姻親張沔983–1060
弟楊偉984–1058
弟楊倚–
弟楊備–
弟楊倬–
妹夫李瓊–
從子;姪子楊紘–
過繼的嗣子楊紘–
玄孫;四世孫楊邦弼–
表弟章得象978–1048

AliasesCBDB

  • 大年 字
  • 文 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • 史學家
  • 工於作賦
  • [為官者:文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
劉式友1020–
張去華推薦984–
章得象推薦–
陳咸推薦1020–
章得象被章得象欣賞/器重–
李昭遘欣賞/器重–
吳待問欣賞/器重–
石待問欣賞/器重–
黃鑑欣賞/器重–
仲簡學生為仲簡1020–
王貽矩學生為王貽矩-9999–
錢若水為錢若水所著書作序–
聶茂先為聶茂先所著書作序–
聶茂先為聶茂先所著書作序–
釋道源為釋道源所著書作序–
宋庠書序由宋庠所作1020–
柴成務為柴成務作墓誌銘–
范貽孫為范貽孫作墓誌銘–
李繼隆為李繼隆作墓誌銘–
李繼隆為李繼隆作墓誌銘1005–
潘慎修為潘慎修作墓誌銘–
錢若水為錢若水作墓誌銘–
李沆為李沆作墓誌銘–
畢士安為畢士安作墓誌銘–
宋湜為宋湜作墓誌銘1020–
張仲仁為張仲仁作墓誌銘–
石保興為石保興作墓誌銘1020–
彭悅為彭悅作墓誌銘–
趙祐為趙祐作墓誌銘–
趙光贊為趙光贊作墓誌銘–
魏了翁書跋由魏了翁所作–
魏了翁書跋由魏了翁所作–
真德秀書跋由真德秀所作–
真德秀書跋由真德秀所作–
真德秀書跋由真德秀所作–
袁甫書跋由袁甫所作–
袁甫書跋由袁甫所作–
程珌書跋由程珌所作–
曹彥約書跋由曹彥約所作–
劉宰書跋由劉宰所作–
劉宰書跋由劉宰所作–
衛涇書跋由衛涇所作–
張沔從遊者為張沔1020–
黃覺稱道黃覺的詩作–
吳待問同鄉–
劉師道相唱和–
吳待問同學、同門989–
趙元份為趙元份作祭文–
趙元傑為趙元傑作祭文–
趙祐為趙祐作祭文-9999–
楊可為楊可作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
趙況為趙況作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
楊倚為楊倚作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
陳在中為陳在中作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
元道宗為元道宗作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
李瓊為李瓊作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
張泌為張泌作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
阮思道稱道阮思道之文風1020–
黃庭堅硯銘由黃庭堅所作–
李遵勗教授李遵勗–
李繼昌為李繼昌作佛寺記–
曹維旭為曹維旭作佛寺記–
釋重宣為釋重宣作佛寺記–
王欽若合撰(編)著作–
查陶被查陶批評–
李昭遘稱道李昭遘之文章、學問–
劉筠稱道劉筠之文章、學問–
李商隱詩/文由李商隱編輯1020–
宋湜為宋湜作神道碑–
楊文逸為楊文逸作神道碑–
宋湜為宋湜作挽詩、詞–
柴成務為柴成務作行狀–
楊徽之為楊徽之作行狀–
范仲淹畫贊(畫像記)由范仲淹所作–
張齊賢致書張齊賢–
章得象致書章得象–
田錫致書田錫–
杜諲致書杜諲–
李維致書李維–
王旦致書王旦–
釋知禮致書釋知禮–
李夷庚致書李夷庚–
釋知禮被致書由釋知禮–
釋知禮被致書由釋知禮–
查道答查道書–
錢易答錢易書–
李宗諤答李宗諤書–
陳在中答陳在中書–
王承衎答王承衎書–
張詠收到張詠的答書–
張詠收到張詠的答書–
章得象贈詩、文–
洪文撫為洪文撫之建築物題詠、記、命名–
甄旦為甄旦之建築物題詠、記、命名–
蘇轍建築物得到蘇轍的題詠、記、命名–
晁說之建築物得到晁說之的題詠、記、命名–
洪文撫為洪文撫作學記(書院記)–
洪待用為洪待用作學記(書院記)–
曹維旭受曹維旭之請作序、記–
李瓊為李瓊取名、字–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉制舉: 童子舉
科舉: 進士(籠統)
科舉: 制舉 (籠統)
科舉學校: 恩賜出身、特賜出身等

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
武夷新集
歷代銓政要略
冠鰲集
括蒼集
武夷集
汝陽集
潁陰集
蓬山集
退居集
韓城集
楊文公談苑 一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates Yang Yi was a Northern Song writer, historian, and official who was also identified as a lay Buddhist. His dates are generally given as 974–1020, although 1021 also appears; he used the courtesy name Danian, received the posthumous name Wen, was associated with Pucheng in Jianzhou, and was known as Yang Wengong.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The biographical record gives the name Yang Yi, his dates, Song affiliation, courtesy and posthumous names, Pucheng origin, historical identity, and office as Vice Minister of Works.
    • WikidataYi Yang (Q11117757)The entity entry identifies him as Yi Yang, describes him as a Song dynasty politician dated 974–1020, and supplies the English forms Yang Yi, Danian, and Wen.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical and literary entries give the competing death years, the Jianzhou Pucheng origin, the courtesy name, official career, and posthumous title.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority entry identifies Yang Yi as a Northern Song literary figure and lay Buddhist, gives the Pucheng birthplace and the 974 birth and 1020–1021 death range, and includes the name Yang Wengong.
  2. [2] Grandfather and mother His grandfather is given under two names, Yang Wenyi and Yang Shou; Yang Huizhi was a grand-uncle, and his mother was Zhang.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list Yang Wenyi and Yang Shou as alternative grandfathers, Yang Huizhi as a grand-uncle, and Zhang as his mother.
  3. [3] Siblings and in-laws Yang Yi had four younger brothers, a cousin named Zhang Dexiang, and a brother-in-law named Li Qiong.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list four younger brothers, Zhang Dexiang as a cousin, and Li Qiong as a brother-in-law.
  4. [4] Later kinship Zhang Mian is listed as a relative by marriage; Yang Hong is described both as a nephew and as an adopted heir, while Yang Bangbi is a great-great-grandson.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list Zhang Mian as an affine, give Yang Hong both nephew and adopted-heir relationships, and identify Yang Bangbi as a fourth-generation descendant.
  5. [5] Early examination and office At eleven Yang Yi was summoned to compose poetry and fu and appointed Corrector of the Palace Library; Zhang Quhua tested him in the boys' examination and recommended him to court. He received the jinshi degree in 992 and then held posts at the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Jixian Academy, and as Literary Secretary.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The examination and association entries record Zhang Quhua's test and recommendation in Yongxi and list the boys' examination and jinshi examination categories.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries describe the summons at age eleven, the appointment in the Palace Library, the 992 jinshi degree, and the subsequent Jixian Academy and Literary Secretary posts.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note confirms the Yongxi summons and the 992 jinshi degree followed by early official appointments.
  6. [6] Early Zhenzong career Yang Yi helped compile the Veritable Records of Taizong, completed the work in 998, served as prefect of Chuzhou, and then became Left Remonstrator and Drafter of Edicts after his recall.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries give his work on the Veritable Records of Taizong, its completion in 998, the appointment at Chuzhou, and the subsequent Left Remonstrator and Drafter of Edicts posts.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entry places his prefectural service at Chuzhou from 998 to 1000.
  7. [7] Compilation of the Cefu Yuangui In 1005 Yang Yi collaborated with Wang Qinruo on the compilation of the Cefu Yuangui.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries place Yang Yi's collaboration with Wang Qinruo on the Cefu Yuangui in 1005.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The co-authorship entry describes Yang Yi and Wang Qinruo compiling the one-thousand-juan Cefu Yuangui.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note also calls Yang Yi a principal compiler of the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
  8. [8] Jingde offices In 1006 Yang Yi entered the Hanlin Academy, helped revise the national history, and held offices connected with court communications and the History Institute.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries record the 1006 Hanlin appointment, the national-history work, and the offices of court communications, Silver Terrace, and the History Institute.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entries list Hanlin Academician and History Institute Compiler.
  9. [9] Dazhong Xiangfu offices In Dazhong Xiangfu he served as Taichang shaoqing in charge of the western capital, returned to Chuzhou, and then held several ceremonial and institutional offices.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries give his Dazhong Xiangfu appointments in the western capital, Chuzhou, ceremonial administration, Palace Library, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note confirms his service as Taichang shaoqing among his official appointments.
  10. [10] Late career and death Yang Yi became Vice Minister of Works in 1018, was demoted after errors in grading the metropolitan examinations, returned to the Hanlin Academy in the fourth year of Tianxi, and died in the twelfth month at forty-seven.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries detail the Tianxi appointments, demotion for examination errors, restoration to the Hanlin Academy, History Institute offices, and death at forty-seven in the twelfth month.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entries list Vice Minister of Works, Hanlin Academician, and History Institute Compiler.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note includes Vice Minister of Works among his official appointments and gives his posthumous title.
  11. [11] Friendship and Yang-Liu Yang Yi was upright and valued friendship, was associated with Wang Dan, Liu Jun, Xie Jiang, and Liu Shi, and promoted Liu Jun, with whom he later shared equal fame under the name Yang-Liu.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entry describes his upright character and friendships with Wang Dan, Liu Jun, and Xie Jiang.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entries list Liu Shi as a friend and record that Liu Jun was first recognized by Yang Yi, later equaled him, and was associated with the name Yang-Liu.
  12. [12] Encouraging younger men Yang Yi knew institutions and ceremonial precedents, encouraged younger men, and recommended Zhang Dexiang for his breadth, tolerance, and ministerial ability.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entry says that he was skilled in institutions and ceremonial precedents and liked to encourage younger men.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entry records Yang Yi's recommendation of Zhang Dexiang because of his breadth and ministerial potential.
  13. [13] Recognition of younger writers Yang Yi praised Li Zhaogou's fu when he was young and brought Huang Jian into his circle after recognizing his literary style.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entries record his praise of Li Zhaogou's completed fu and his recognition and patronage of Huang Jian's literary talent.
  14. [14] Buddhist affiliation and textual work Yang Yi was a lay Buddhist in the lineage of Guanghui Lian, and he worked on Buddhist catalogues and transmission texts while also directing the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note identifies him as a lay Buddhist and disciple of Guanghui Lian in the eleventh generation under Dajian, and lists his work on Buddhist catalogues, the Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp, and the Cefu Yuangui.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries confirm his collaboration with Wang Qinruo on the Cefu Yuangui.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The co-authorship entry records the compilation of the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
  15. [15] Poetic and prose style Yang Yi wrote rapidly and with formal precision, excelled at fu, modeled his poetry on Li Shangyin, and was known for ornate diction and the Xikun style.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries praise his rapid talent, precision, Li Shangyin influence, ornate diction, and Xikun style.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The status entry identifies him as skilled in fu composition.
  16. [16] Poetic exchange and ci Yang Yi exchanged poems with Liu Jun and Qian Weiyan, compiled the two-juan Xikun Chouchang ji, and left one surviving ci lyric titled Shaonian you.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The literary entries record poetic exchanges with Liu Jun and Qian Weiyan, the two-juan Xikun Chouchang ji, and the surviving Shaonian you lyric.
  17. [17] Works and survival Yang Yi's writings included numerous collections together with Neiwai zhi and Daobi, totaling 194 juan; only the twenty-juan Wuyi xinji survives, while Yang Wengong tanyuan is one juan.
    • Souyun楊億 (27871)The works entries list the collections, Neiwai zhi, Daobi, the total of 194 juan, and the surviving twenty-juan Wuyi xinji.
    • CBDBYang Yi (7097)The work and co-authorship entries list the collections, the 194-juan total, and the one-juan Yang Wengong tanyuan as a work attributed to him.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note identifies Yang Yi as the author of Wuyi xinji.