[1]Identity and datesYang Yi was a Northern Song writer, historian, and official who was also identified as a lay Buddhist. His dates are generally given as 974–1020, although 1021 also appears; he used the courtesy name Danian, received the posthumous name Wen, was associated with Pucheng in Jianzhou, and was known as Yang Wengong.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The biographical record gives the name Yang Yi, his dates, Song affiliation, courtesy and posthumous names, Pucheng origin, historical identity, and office as Vice Minister of Works.
WikidataYi Yang (Q11117757)The entity entry identifies him as Yi Yang, describes him as a Song dynasty politician dated 974–1020, and supplies the English forms Yang Yi, Danian, and Wen.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical and literary entries give the competing death years, the Jianzhou Pucheng origin, the courtesy name, official career, and posthumous title.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority entry identifies Yang Yi as a Northern Song literary figure and lay Buddhist, gives the Pucheng birthplace and the 974 birth and 1020–1021 death range, and includes the name Yang Wengong.
[2]Grandfather and motherHis grandfather is given under two names, Yang Wenyi and Yang Shou; Yang Huizhi was a grand-uncle, and his mother was Zhang.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list Yang Wenyi and Yang Shou as alternative grandfathers, Yang Huizhi as a grand-uncle, and Zhang as his mother.
[3]Siblings and in-lawsYang Yi had four younger brothers, a cousin named Zhang Dexiang, and a brother-in-law named Li Qiong.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list four younger brothers, Zhang Dexiang as a cousin, and Li Qiong as a brother-in-law.
[4]Later kinshipZhang Mian is listed as a relative by marriage; Yang Hong is described both as a nephew and as an adopted heir, while Yang Bangbi is a great-great-grandson.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The kinship entries list Zhang Mian as an affine, give Yang Hong both nephew and adopted-heir relationships, and identify Yang Bangbi as a fourth-generation descendant.
[5]Early examination and officeAt eleven Yang Yi was summoned to compose poetry and fu and appointed Corrector of the Palace Library; Zhang Quhua tested him in the boys' examination and recommended him to court. He received the jinshi degree in 992 and then held posts at the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, the Jixian Academy, and as Literary Secretary.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The examination and association entries record Zhang Quhua's test and recommendation in Yongxi and list the boys' examination and jinshi examination categories.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries describe the summons at age eleven, the appointment in the Palace Library, the 992 jinshi degree, and the subsequent Jixian Academy and Literary Secretary posts.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note confirms the Yongxi summons and the 992 jinshi degree followed by early official appointments.
[6]Early Zhenzong careerYang Yi helped compile the Veritable Records of Taizong, completed the work in 998, served as prefect of Chuzhou, and then became Left Remonstrator and Drafter of Edicts after his recall.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries give his work on the Veritable Records of Taizong, its completion in 998, the appointment at Chuzhou, and the subsequent Left Remonstrator and Drafter of Edicts posts.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entry places his prefectural service at Chuzhou from 998 to 1000.
[7]Compilation of the Cefu YuanguiIn 1005 Yang Yi collaborated with Wang Qinruo on the compilation of the Cefu Yuangui.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries place Yang Yi's collaboration with Wang Qinruo on the Cefu Yuangui in 1005.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The co-authorship entry describes Yang Yi and Wang Qinruo compiling the one-thousand-juan Cefu Yuangui.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note also calls Yang Yi a principal compiler of the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
[8]Jingde officesIn 1006 Yang Yi entered the Hanlin Academy, helped revise the national history, and held offices connected with court communications and the History Institute.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries record the 1006 Hanlin appointment, the national-history work, and the offices of court communications, Silver Terrace, and the History Institute.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entries list Hanlin Academician and History Institute Compiler.
[9]Dazhong Xiangfu officesIn Dazhong Xiangfu he served as Taichang shaoqing in charge of the western capital, returned to Chuzhou, and then held several ceremonial and institutional offices.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries give his Dazhong Xiangfu appointments in the western capital, Chuzhou, ceremonial administration, Palace Library, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note confirms his service as Taichang shaoqing among his official appointments.
[10]Late career and deathYang Yi became Vice Minister of Works in 1018, was demoted after errors in grading the metropolitan examinations, returned to the Hanlin Academy in the fourth year of Tianxi, and died in the twelfth month at forty-seven.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The chronological entries detail the Tianxi appointments, demotion for examination errors, restoration to the Hanlin Academy, History Institute offices, and death at forty-seven in the twelfth month.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The office entries list Vice Minister of Works, Hanlin Academician, and History Institute Compiler.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note includes Vice Minister of Works among his official appointments and gives his posthumous title.
[11]Friendship and Yang-LiuYang Yi was upright and valued friendship, was associated with Wang Dan, Liu Jun, Xie Jiang, and Liu Shi, and promoted Liu Jun, with whom he later shared equal fame under the name Yang-Liu.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entry describes his upright character and friendships with Wang Dan, Liu Jun, and Xie Jiang.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entries list Liu Shi as a friend and record that Liu Jun was first recognized by Yang Yi, later equaled him, and was associated with the name Yang-Liu.
[12]Encouraging younger menYang Yi knew institutions and ceremonial precedents, encouraged younger men, and recommended Zhang Dexiang for his breadth, tolerance, and ministerial ability.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entry says that he was skilled in institutions and ceremonial precedents and liked to encourage younger men.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entry records Yang Yi's recommendation of Zhang Dexiang because of his breadth and ministerial potential.
[13]Recognition of younger writersYang Yi praised Li Zhaogou's fu when he was young and brought Huang Jian into his circle after recognizing his literary style.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The association entries record his praise of Li Zhaogou's completed fu and his recognition and patronage of Huang Jian's literary talent.
[14]Buddhist affiliation and textual workYang Yi was a lay Buddhist in the lineage of Guanghui Lian, and he worked on Buddhist catalogues and transmission texts while also directing the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note identifies him as a lay Buddhist and disciple of Guanghui Lian in the eleventh generation under Dajian, and lists his work on Buddhist catalogues, the Jingde Record of the Transmission of the Lamp, and the Cefu Yuangui.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries confirm his collaboration with Wang Qinruo on the Cefu Yuangui.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The co-authorship entry records the compilation of the Cefu Yuangui with Wang Qinruo.
[15]Poetic and prose styleYang Yi wrote rapidly and with formal precision, excelled at fu, modeled his poetry on Li Shangyin, and was known for ornate diction and the Xikun style.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The biographical entries praise his rapid talent, precision, Li Shangyin influence, ornate diction, and Xikun style.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The status entry identifies him as skilled in fu composition.
[16]Poetic exchange and ciYang Yi exchanged poems with Liu Jun and Qian Weiyan, compiled the two-juan Xikun Chouchang ji, and left one surviving ci lyric titled Shaonian you.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The literary entries record poetic exchanges with Liu Jun and Qian Weiyan, the two-juan Xikun Chouchang ji, and the surviving Shaonian you lyric.
[17]Works and survivalYang Yi's writings included numerous collections together with Neiwai zhi and Daobi, totaling 194 juan; only the twenty-juan Wuyi xinji survives, while Yang Wengong tanyuan is one juan.
Souyun楊億 (27871)The works entries list the collections, Neiwai zhi, Daobi, the total of 194 juan, and the surviving twenty-juan Wuyi xinji.
CBDBYang Yi (7097)The work and co-authorship entries list the collections, the 194-juan total, and the one-juan Yang Wengong tanyuan as a work attributed to him.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database楊億 (A001446)The authority note identifies Yang Yi as the author of Wuyi xinji.