Qian Dehong

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 以 行第
• 八 行第
• 洪甫 字
• 緒山 室名、別號
• 緒山先生 室名、別號
• 錢寛 别名、曾用名

StatusCBDB

• [為官者：文]
• 收徒講學
• 理學家 — 陽明學派
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Life dates Qian Dehong’s death year is 1574; 1496 is the principal birth year in the records, while another account gives 1497.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The main person record gives the name Qian Dehong, birth year 1496, and death year 1574.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)One biographical text gives 1496–1574, while another gives 1497–1574, preserving a disagreement over the birth year.
   • WikidataQian Dehong (Q7267602)The birth- and death-year claims give 1496 and 1574 respectively.
2. [2] Identity Qian Dehong was a philosopher, thinker, and educator of the mid-to-late Ming period, and is classified with the Yangming school.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The main record identifies the dynasty as Ming and classifies him as a Yangming-school Neo-Confucian and a thinker.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile gives the Ming dynasty, while the biographical text calls him a philosopher, thinker, and educator of the mid-to-late Ming period.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The record identifies him with the Ming dynasty and describes him as a philosopher, thinker, and educator of the mid-to-late Ming period.
   • WikidataQian Dehong (Q7267602)The English description identifies him as a philosopher.
3. [3] Names and style names He was originally named Kuan, used Hongfu as his courtesy name, and Xushan as his sobriquet; Xushan Xiansheng was another name by which he was known.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The alternate-name data identifies Hongfu as the courtesy name, Xushan and Xushan Xiansheng as sobriquets, and Qiankuan as a former name.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographical texts give Kuan as his original name, Hongfu as his courtesy name, Xushan as his sobriquet, and Xushan Xiansheng as a name by which he was known.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The names and note identify him as Qian Dehong, originally Kuan, with Hongfu and Xushan Xiansheng among his associated names.
   • WikidataQian Dehong (Q7267602)The name data supplies the English label Qian Dehong and the aliases Hongfu, Xushan, Xushan Xiansheng, and Qiankuan.
4. [4] Native place Qian Dehong was a native of Yuyao in Zhejiang.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The address data gives Yuyao as both his basic native place and registered place.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile and biographical texts identify him as a native of Yuyao in Zhejiang.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The birthplace field gives Yuyao.
   • WikidataQian Dehong (Q7267602)The birthplace claim points to the place item Q16967.
5. [5] Family and early residence His father Qian Meng was blind and used the sobriquet Xin Yuweng; his mother was Ma. The family lived in Dengxiang, moved into the Mo family residence after a fire, and Qian Dehong was born at Ruiyun Tower, also identified as Wang Shouren’s birthplace.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The kinship data identifies Qian Meng as the father and Ma as the mother.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographical text gives the father’s blindness and sobriquet, the mother’s surname, the family residence, the fire and rental of the Mo family building, and Ruiyun Tower as Qian Dehong’s birthplace and Wang Shouren’s birthplace.
6. [6] Lingxu Mountain He read the Book of Changes at Lingxu Mountain, and this is connected in the biography with the name Xushan Xiansheng.
   • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biography says that he read the Book of Changes at Lingxu Mountain and was consequently known as Xushan Xiansheng.
7. [7] Lineage His great-grandfather was Qian Shizhi, his grandfather Qian Xi, his father Qian Meng, and his mother Ma.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The kinship data lists Qian Shizhi, Qian Xi, Qian Meng, and Ma as the great-grandfather, grandfather, father, and mother respectively.
8. [8] Siblings The kinship list gives three elder brothers and three younger brothers; one younger brother’s name is preserved with a question mark because that is how the original value appears.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The kinship data lists the brothers as Qian Dezhong, Qian Dezhao, Qian Deshu, Qian Dezhang, Qian Dezhou, and the uncertain original value Qian De?.
9. [9] Marriage and children His wife was Zhu, and his sons were Qian Yingzhi, Qian Yingdu, and Qian Yingle.
   • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The kinship data lists Zhu as his wife and Qian Yingzhi, Qian Yingdu, and Qian Yingle as his sons.
10. [10] Early education In 1519, Qian Dehong was enrolled as a local county-school student and became a pupil of Wang Shouren after Wang returned to his native region.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile and biographical text give his local-student status and describe his study under Wang Shouren after Wang’s return.
11. [11] Examination alternatives The examination career is presented in two forms: one gives the 1526 and 1528 episodes and the 1532 jinshi success, while the other supplies the Zhejiang and metropolitan rankings and the third-class rank; the examination categories attached to the tabulated numbers are not identical.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note says that he entered the metropolitan examination in 1526 and returned, did not attend in 1528 because of his teacher’s death, and only became a jinshi in 1532.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographical text gives the thirty-seventh place in the Zhejiang examination, the 231st place in the 1532 metropolitan examination, and the 226th place in the third class, while also identifying him as a jinshi in Jiajing 11.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The tabulated examination data gives third-class jinshi rank 226, a xianggong rank of 231, and a student rank of 37; its category labels are therefore retained alongside the biographical account.
12. [12] Official career After the examination, he served under the Ministry of Personnel, became a professor at the Suzhou Prefecture School, presided over the Guangdong examination, mourned his mother, and then held posts in the Directorate of Education and Ministry of Justice, eventually reaching vice minister of justice.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile and biography list Personnel supervision, the Suzhou professorship, mourning, the Directorate of Education post, Ministry of Justice posts, the Shaanxi vice-director post, and the eventual rank of vice minister, while giving the examination and mourning sequence.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The office data lists vice minister and vice director of the Ministry of Justice, secretary, Personnel supervision, and the Directorate of Education post.
13. [13] Guo Xun case He was imprisoned for arguing that Guo Xun deserved the death penalty, later stripped of office and made a commoner; the dates are given as Jiajing 20 and Jiajing 22, with another formulation saying that his official status was removed.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile lists the Embroidered-uniform Guard prison office, while the biographies explain the death-penalty argument, imprisonment, dismissal, and the Jiajing 20 and 22 dates.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note summarizes the Guo Xun affair as the reason his official status was removed.
14. [14] Lecturing career After his dismissal and release, he traveled through Jiangnan and Zhejiang, Xuanshe, and Huguang, lectured on liangzhi for thirty years, and took disciples.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographical texts describe his post-release travels and lectures on liangzhi; one specifies Jiangnan and Zhejiang, Xuanshe, Huguang, and thirty years.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note says that after losing office he traveled widely and taught the learning of liangzhi.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The status data records teaching disciples.
15. [15] Later career and death Under Muzong he was restored, received the rank Chaolie Dafu, and retired; under Shenzong he was advanced once more. He died in 1574 at the age of seventy-nine.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note gives his restoration and retirement under Muzong, further advancement under Shenzong, and age at death.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The profile lists Chaolie Dafu and the year 1574, while the biography gives the Wanli second year and an age of seventy-nine.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The main record gives 1574 as the death year.
    • WikidataQian Dehong (Q7267602)The death-year claim gives 1574.
16. [16] Teacher and school Qian studied under Wang Shouren, taught liangzhi, and belonged to the Yangming school; during Wang’s lectures he and Wang Ji clarified the main ideas for fellow students, and Qian took Wang’s scholarly mission as his own.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographies state that he studied under Wang Shouren, taught liangzhi, and with Wang Ji clarified the main points for students.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note identifies Wang Shouren as his teacher and says that he taught liangzhi.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The status data places him in the Yangming school, and the association data says that he took Wang Shouren’s scholarly mission as his own.
17. [17] Wang Ji and biography He was regarded alongside Wang Ji, also known as Wang Longxi; he compiled Wang Shouren’s chronological biography and wrote Wang Ji’s biography.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographical text says that he was ranked alongside the contemporary thinker Wang Longxi.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The works and associations identify Wang Shouren nianpu as a work he wrote for Wang Shouren and identify Wang Ji’s biography as written by him.
18. [18] Students and followers His teaching network included Lu Kejiu and Wu Lin as students, Xu Yongjian as a student from 1556, and Shen Chong, Yao Xitang, and Wang Shousheng among his followers.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The associations list Lu Kejiu and Wu Lin as students, Xu Yongjian as a disciple from 1556, and Shen Chong, Yao Xitang, and Wang Shousheng as followers.
19. [19] Friendships and scholarly exchanges He was a friend of Zhou Yi and Hu Han, exchanged letters or poetry and prose with Luo Hongxian, Ouyang De, and Zhan Ruoshui, and discussed learning with Wang Hongbin.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The associations identify Zhou Yi and Hu Han as friends, record discussion of learning with Wang Hongbin, and record letters or gifted poetry and prose involving Luo Hongxian, Ouyang De, and Zhan Ruoshui.
20. [20] Works His works include Ping Hao ji, Xushan huiyu in twenty-five juan, and Wang Shouren nianpu in one juan.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biography lists Ping Hao ji and Xushan huiyu among his works.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The works data lists Ping Hao ji, the twenty-five-juan Xushan huiyu, and the one-juan Wang Shouren nianpu, identifying Qian Dehong as author for the latter two.
21. [21] Legacy After his dismissal, Qian Dehong’s long-term teaching of liangzhi and the disciples he gathered led scholars to call him Xushan Xiansheng; he became one of the important representatives of Confucian mind-learning after Wang Shouren.
    • Souyun錢德洪 (50911)The biographies describe his itinerant teaching of liangzhi, the scholarly name Xushan Xiansheng, and his status as an important representative of Confucian mind-learning after Wang Shouren.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database錢德洪 (A019270)The note describes his post-dismissal teaching of liangzhi and his activity among scholars.
    • CBDBQian Dehong (33186)The status data records his teaching of disciples and his place in the Yangming school.