Wu Weiye

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His grandfather was Wu Yi, his father Wu Shuicang, and his mother Zhu Shuren. He studied under Zhang Pu, became a disciple of the Fushe leader, and took an active part in the Fushe. He maintained friendships with Dong Qichang, Wang Shimin, and Zhang Lian, associated with Chen Weisun, Wu Zhaoqian, and Yan Shengsun, became related by marriage to Chen Zhilin, and had a relationship with the courtesan Bian Yujing.[3]

In 1630 he passed the Yingtian provincial examination; the following year he placed first in the metropolitan examination of the Xinwei cohort and second in the palace examination, and was appointed a Hanlin compiler. During the examination he was accused of colluding with Zhou Yuru in fraudulent dealings, but after the Chongzhen emperor reviewed the papers he was still ranked second in the first class and was allowed to return home with an imperial escort.[4]

Under the Ming he held posts including compiler, lecturer to the Eastern Palace, editorial reviser, provincial-examination examiner, Nanjing Director of Studies, Zhongyun, Shuzi, and Left Shuzi. In 1638 the Chongzhen emperor inspected the school, questioned him on the meaning of the *Book of Documents*, and rewarded him with tea and fruit. During the Hongguang reign he was summoned as Junior Chamberlain of the Imperial Secretariat; because Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng controlled the court, he requested leave and returned home.[5]

When Qing forces moved south, he fled with his family, moving among members of his clan and relatives before withdrawing from public life. After the Qing conquest he initially shut himself away while continuing to lead a literary society. The year of his entry into service is variously given as 1652 and 1654: one account attributes the recommendation to Ma Guozhu, governor-general of the two river regions, while another attributes it to Chen Mingxia and Chen Zhilin and says that local officials compelled him to proceed to the capital; he was appointed a Secretariat Academy expositor and promoted to Director of the Imperial College.[6]

He returned south to live at home in 1657, and the tax-audit case nearly ruined his family. Service under the Qing became for him the regret of having “wasted his whole life”; he ordered that he be buried in monastic dress, and the wording of his tomb inscription is variously given as “the tomb of the poet Wu Meicun” and “the tomb of Wu, the lyric poet.” After passing the examination he married his first wife, Cheng; his household also included the concubine Zhou Qiong, his sister Wu Xiao, and his son Wu Lin.[7]

Literary work and arts

Learned and widely read, Wu Weiye was particularly accomplished in ornate poetry and composed song-line poems valued for their historical detail. His early writing was brilliant and elegant, but his experience of dynastic upheaval brought it toward a more anguished and desolate tone. He excelled in seven-character song lines, initially studied the “Changqing style,” and later developed a new manner known as the “Meicun style”; his five- and seven-character regulated verse was also praised as equal to Tang poetry in sonority and prosody.[8]

Together with Qian Qianyi and Gong Dingzi, he was known as one of the “Three Great Masters of the Jiangzuo.” His poetry repeatedly expresses remembrance of the former state and invests his works with a sense of dynastic rise and fall. He also worked in classical prose, drama, and ci poetry; his long pieces were expansive and his short lyrics flowing and controlled.[9]

His writings include *梅村家藏稿*—fifty-eight juan, with supplements, a genealogy, and a chronological biography—*梅村集*, *梅村詩文集*, *綏寇紀略*, *太倉十子詩選*, and *綏靖紀聞*. His dramatic works include the chuanqi *秣陵春* and the zaju *臨春閣* and *通天臺*; his ci collection is known as *梅村詞*, also appearing under the title *梅村詩餘*.[10]

He was also recognized as a painter, and his painting manner followed Dong Yuan and Huang Gongwang.[11]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1631 左庶子
  2. 1631 東宮講讀官
  3. 1631 編修
  4. 1631 翰林院編修 崇禎
  5. 1635 纂修官 崇禎
  6. 1636 鄉試官 崇禎
  7. 1639 國子司業 崇禎
  8. 1640 中允 崇禎
  9. 1643 庶子 崇禎
  10. 1645 少詹事
  11. 1653 侍講
  12. 1653 國子祭酒

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
左庶子1631Era unknown
東宮講讀官1631Era unknown
編修1631Era unknown
翰林院編修1631崇禎
纂修官1635崇禎
鄉試官1636崇禎
國子司業16391640崇禎南京
中允16401643崇禎
庶子1643崇禎
少詹事1645Era unknown
侍講1653Era unknown
國子祭酒1653Era unknown
Year unknown3
OfficeEraPosting
國子監司業崇禎Unknown
左庶子崇禎Unknown
東宮講讀官崇禎Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
祖父吳議–
父吳水蒼–
母朱淑人–
妾周瓊1610–1671
妹吳綃1623–1660
子吳暽–
外孫席鏊1699–1761
孫吳淂怡–
孫媳王夢蘭–

AliasesCBDB

  • 大雲居士 室名、別號
  • 梅村 室名、別號
  • 梅村道人 室名、別號
  • 灌道人 室名、別號
  • 灌隱 未詳
  • 灌隱主人 室名、別號
  • 灌隱人 室名、別號
  • 飼鶴軒 室名、別號
  • 駿公 字
  • 鹿樵溪舍 室名、別號
  • 鹿樵生 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 戲曲作家
  • [為官者:文]
  • 畫家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
董其昌友–
王時敏友–
張漣友–
朱鶴齡友–
駱復旦友–
張溥為張溥之學生–
陳維崧學生為陳維崧–
項琳為項琳所著書作序–
顧湄弟子為顧湄–
楊士聰為楊士聰作墓誌銘1668–
朱明鎬為朱明鎬作墓誌銘–
王孫蘭為王孫蘭作墓誌銘–
程封從遊者為程封–
李應昇為李應昇作神道碑–
呂維祺為呂維祺作神道碑–
宋徵璧致書宋徵璧–
陳子龍被致書由陳子龍–
錢謙益被致書由錢謙益–
錢謙益被致書由錢謙益–
侯方域被致書由侯方域–
董源畫風師法董源–
黃公望畫風師法黃公望–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第1甲第2名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
綏寇紀略
梅村家藏稿五十八卷補遺一卷世系一卷年譜四卷撰著者
國朝傳奇
太倉十子詩選:十卷
年譜(吳偉業):四卷
復社記事:一卷
春秋地理志:十六卷
春秋氏族志:二十四卷
梅村家藏稿補:一卷
梅村詞:一卷
梅村詩話:一卷
梅村集:四十卷
樂府雜劇:三卷
畫中九友歌紀
秣陵春
綏寇紀略補遺:三卷
綏靖紀聞撰著者
梅村詩文集撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Life dates and identity The records disagree on the death year, giving 1671, 23 January 1672, or 1683, while identifying Wu Weiye as a late-Ming and early-Qing poet, political figure, or writer.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The person fields give the name, birth year 1609, and death year 1671.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The profile and biographical passages give the late-Ming and early-Qing identity and the 1609–1671, 1609–1683, and 1609–1672 date forms.
    • WikidataWu Weiye (Q697571)The summaries identify him as a late-Ming and early-Qing poet and political figure and give 1609–1671.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority record gives a birth interval spanning 1609–1610, death on 23 January 1672, and the identity of an early-Qing writer.
  2. [2] Names and native place Wu Weiye’s courtesy name was Jungong, his sobriquet was Meicun, and the records place him in Taicang while listing additional sobriquets.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The name fields identify Jungong as a courtesy name and list Meicun, Meicun Daoren, Guandaoren, Dayunjushi, Luqiaosheng, and Sihexuan as studio names or sobriquets.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The profile and biographical entries confirm the courtesy name, sobriquet, and Taicang origin.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority entry lists Jungong, Meicun Daoren, Luqiaosheng, and Sihexuan as aliases.
  3. [3] Family, education, and associations The paragraph records Wu Weiye’s immediate family, education under Zhang Pu, Fushe participation, friendships, literary associations, and reported marriage connections.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The kinship fields give the grandfather, father, and mother; the association fields identify Zhang Pu and friendships with Dong Qichang, Wang Shimin, and Zhang Lian.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies describe him as Zhang Pu’s Fushe disciple and mention his Fushe participation, literary associates, connection by marriage to Chen Zhilin, and relationship with Bian Yujing.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note confirms that he studied under Zhang Pu.
  4. [4] Examination and controversy Wu Weiye passed the provincial examination in 1630, ranked first in the metropolitan examination and second in the palace examination in 1631, received a Hanlin appointment, and faced an examination-fraud accusation.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The examination fields give the provincial degree and first-class second rank, while the office fields give the 1631 Hanlin compiler appointment.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies confirm the Xinwei first-class second rank and appointment, while the detailed account adds the Yingtian examination, metropolitan first place, accusation, imperial review, and return home.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note confirms the 1631 degree and Hanlin compiler appointment.
  5. [5] Ming offices and Hongguang service The office sequence and Hongguang episode place Wu Weiye in a series of Hanlin and Imperial College posts before his withdrawal from court.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The office fields list the compiler, Eastern Palace lecturer, Left Shuzi, Nanjing Director of Studies, Hanlin compiler, Shuzi, provincial examiner, Zhongyun, editorial reviser, and Junior Chamberlain posts.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies confirm the principal Ming offices, the Hongguang Junior Chamberlain appointment and withdrawal, and the 1638 school inspection and lecture.
  6. [6] Flight and Qing service Wu Weiye fled south with his family, withdrew from public life, then entered Qing service under accounts that differ on the year and recommendation route, eventually becoming a Secretariat Academy expositor and Director of the Imperial College.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies describe the flight and withdrawal, the literary society, the 1652 or 1654 chronology, the differing recommendations, and the expositor and Imperial College appointments.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note gives the 1652 recommendation by Ma Guozhu and the expositor and Imperial College appointments.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The office fields list expositor and Imperial College Director postings beginning in 1653.
  7. [7] Late life and family Wu Weiye returned south in 1657, nearly lost his family in the tax-audit case, regretted Qing service, specified his burial, and had the immediate family relationships listed in the sentence.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies and preface describe the 1657 return, tax-audit case, burial order, two tomb formulations, and first wife Cheng.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note describes Qing service as the regret of having wasted his whole life.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The kinship fields list the concubine Zhou Qiong, sister Wu Xiao, and son Wu Lin.
  8. [8] Poetry and style Wu Weiye’s learning, ornate poetry, historical song lines, changing response to dynastic upheaval, Meicun style, and reputation in regulated verse are all summarized here.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographical and critical passages assess his learning, poetry, song lines, early and later styles, and five- and seven-character regulated verse.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note confirms the seven-character song lines, initial study of the Changqing style, and development of the Meicun style.
  9. [9] Literary reputation Wu Weiye’s Jiangzuo reputation, historical memory, and work in prose, drama, and ci poetry are supported by the critical and biographical passages.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The passages discuss the Three Great Masters of the Jiangzuo, remembrance of the former state, dynastic rise and fall, prose, drama, and the styles of his long and short lyrics.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note confirms the Jiangzuo designation and his work in poetry, ci, and drama.
  10. [10] Works The works paragraph lists his collected writings, poetry, history, drama, and ci collection under the names found in the records.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The work fields list Meicun jiazang gao with its extent, Meicun ji, Meicun shiwen ji, Suikou jilue, Taicang shizi shixuan, Suijing jiwen, Moling chun, and Meicun ci.
    • Souyun吳偉業 (56185)The biographies and literary criticism list Meicun jiazang gao, Meicun ji, Suikou jilue, Taicang shizi shixuan, Moling chun, Linchun ge, Tongtian tai, and Meicun ci.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database吳偉業 (A009981)The authority note lists Meicun shi yu, Moling chun, and Tongtian tai.
  11. [11] Painting Wu Weiye was also listed as a painter, with a manner modeled on Dong Yuan and Huang Gongwang.
    • CBDBWu Weiye (35118)The status field lists him as a painter, and the artistic associations name Dong Yuan and Huang Gongwang as models.