Zhao Gu

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Early in life, he traveled north to the frontier, then through Huainan and Wu-Yue, residing in Wanling. He spent several years in the staff of Yuan Zhen, the Zhejiang Eastern Circuit observer; after Yuan moved to Wuchang, Zhao stayed in Xuancheng and entered the staff of Shen Chuanshi, observer of Xuanshe.[3]

He associated with Lu Jianqiu, Shen Zixun, and Du Mu, exchanging poems with them; the names Lu Hongzhi and Shen Shushi also occur in this connection.[4] In the sixth year of the Dahe era (832), Shen Chuanshi recommended him as a provincial candidate for the jinshi examination; the following year he went west to Chang'an, failed the metropolitan examination, and remained there. In the fourth year of the Huichang era (844), he passed the jinshi examination; another account places him on Zheng Yan's list of successful jinshi candidates. He traveled south as far as Xunzhou in Lingnan and returned to Shanyang after passing.[5] His home was in western Zhejiang (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), and he traveled between western Zhejiang and Chang'an.[6]

During the Dazhong era, Zhao entered official service as county lieutenant at Weinan and became known as Zhao Weinan. The beginning of this appointment is dated variously to around 852, the sixth year of Dazhong, or to 854; his death is likewise given as 852, approximately at age forty, or unknown. His subsequent movements cannot be established.[7] Poems and prose were also presented in exchanges with Li Deyu, Liu Sanfu, and Shen Xun.[8]

Literary achievement

Zhao Gu was accomplished in poetry and prose, and his poetry was praised as richly beautiful and full of interest. Its subjects include praise of senior officials, dealings with monks and Daoists, longing for home and native soil, the sorrow of failing the examinations, and ordinary exchanges among friends; some criticism, however, finds its subject matter narrow and its content thin.[9]

His achievement in seven-character regulated verse was particularly notable. Critics described the verse as lucid, rounded, and accomplished, with occasional striking lines, as well as graceful, upright, sonorous, and俊逸 in diction. Seven-character poems predominate: one appraisal counts more than eighty seven-character regulated poems, while five-character regulated poems are few and archaic verse is scarce; another appraisal finds the seven-character regulated poems diffuse in diction but the five-character regulated poems vigorous, and attributes the disparity in their numbers partly to textual loss.[10]

The couplet “殘星幾點雁橫塞,長笛一聲人倚樓” appears under the title 《早秋》, while another title, 《長安狄望》, is also given; Du Mu admired it and consequently called him “Zhao Yilou.” Some criticism laments that the fame of the “Yilou” couplet obscured his life and points out that he had many other fine lines; his regulated verse was also regarded as a distinctive late-Tang style and compared with that of Xu Hun and Liu Cang.[11]

Works

His works include the Weinan ji (《渭南集》) and the Chronological Poems (《編年詩》); the former is given as three juan in one account, while the latter comprises two juan and is said to survive in the Dunhuang manuscripts. The Complete Tang Poems contains two juan of his poetry; the supplementary collections add five poems and seven fragments. Duan Chaoduan collated two juan of the Weinan poetry collection and added one juan of supplements, while Tan Youxue produced the Zhao Gu shi zhu and the Zhao Gu xingnian kao.[12]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 831 幕中 大和
  2. 854 縣尉 大中

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
幕中831大和浙江東道
縣尉854大中渭南
Year unknown1
OfficeEraPosting
觀察使僚佐Era unknown宣歙軍節度

AliasesCBDB

  • 承祐 字
  • 趙二十二 行第
  • 趙倚樓 未詳
  • 趙渭南 未詳

StatusCBDB

  • 詩人
  • 文人
  • 工於文

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
劉三復贈詩、文–
李德裕贈詩、文–
沈詢贈詩、文–
杜牧贈詩、文–
楊漢公贈詩、文–
張又新贈詩、文–
元稹贈詩、文–
令狐綯贈詩、文–
于鄴贈詩、文–
王龜贈詩、文–
王起贈詩、文–
郭子儀贈詩、文–
喩鳧贈詩、文–
竇弘餘贈詩、文–
裴坦贈詩、文–
盧弘止贈詩、文–
韋瓘贈詩、文–
賈嵩贈詩、文–
張濆贈詩、文–
裴延翰贈詩、文–
裴瀾贈詩、文–
盧緘贈詩、文–
盧郢石贈詩、文–
盧鍼贈詩、文–
盧簡求贈詩、文–
虞姹贈詩、文–
崔璞贈詩、文–
崔㻂贈詩、文–
牛蔚贈詩、文–
皇甫垣贈詩、文–
梁佾贈詩、文–
沈卓贈詩、文–
沈傳師贈詩、文–
沈述師贈詩、文–
沈單贈詩、文–
釋神亮贈詩、文–
釋道信贈詩、文–
李譜贈詩、文–
李仲贈詩、文–
李從貴贈詩、文–
李暹贈詩、文–
李蘊贈詩、文–
韓綽贈詩、文–
韓絳贈詩、文–
薛廷範贈詩、文–
薛耽贈詩、文–
薛勛贈詩、文–
趙蕃贈詩、文–
揚嚴贈詩、文–
陳嘏贈詩、文–
滕邁贈詩、文–
令狐定贈詩、文–
鄭祥贈詩、文–
崔琛贈詩、文–
李珏贈詩、文–
李裴贈詩、文–
蕭俛贈詩、文–
杜牧收到杜牧的贈詩、文–
溫庭筠收到溫庭筠的贈詩、文–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
渭南集
編年詩

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates, and identity The evidence identifies Zhao Gu as a Tang poet and man of letters, gives 806 as his birth year, and preserves competing accounts of his death as 852, approximately age forty, or unknown.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The basic record gives Zhao Gu, 806, 852, and the statuses poet and man of letters.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The profile and biographies place him in the Tang period, give 806 and a qualified 852, and preserve the approximately-forty and unknowable-death traditions.
    • WikidataZhao Gu (Q11636642)The person item confirms the names and supplies time claims for 806 and 852.
  2. [2] Courtesy name and native place He was styled Chengyou, was the twenty-second in birth order, came from Shanyang in present-day Huai'an, Jiangsu, and is associated with the alternate characters 承佑 and the names Zhao Yilou and Zhao Weinan.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The basic record lists the courtesy name, birth-order name, alternate names, and Shanyang native place.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The profile and biographies provide the courtesy name, birth-order name, alternate names, Shanyang, and the alternate character form.
    • WikidataZhao Gu (Q11636642)The name list confirms the associated courtesy and alternate names.
  3. [3] Early travels and service The biographies describe his frontier journey, travels through Huainan and Wu-Yue, residence in Wanling, service in Yuan Zhen's staff, later residence in Xuancheng, and service in Shen Chuanshi's staff; the office data gives the corresponding staff appointments.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies provide the travels, Wanling residence, Yuan Zhen's staff, the move to Wuchang, Xuancheng, and Shen Chuanshi's staff.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The office entries list the Zhejiang Eastern Circuit and Xuanshe staff appointments.
  4. [4] Associates and variant names He associated with Lu Jianqiu, Shen Zixun, and Du Mu, while another biographical passage gives Lu Hongzhi and Shen Shushi; Du Mu also appears in the poetry-and-prose exchange data.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies name all five associates or variant forms and describe literary association and poetic exchange.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The association entries list Du Mu and classify the contact as an exchange of poems and prose.
  5. [5] Examinations and movements The biographies give the chronology of the 832 recommendation, the failed examination, the 844 jinshi success, the Zheng Yan list tradition, the Xunzhou journey, and the return to Shanyang; the examination entry broadly classifies him as a jinshi.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies supply the recommendation, failed examination, successful examination, Zheng Yan list, Xunzhou journey, and return to Shanyang.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The examination entry broadly classifies Zhao Gu as a jinshi.
  6. [6] Western Zhejiang and Chang'an His home was in western Zhejiang, identified with present-day Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, and he traveled between western Zhejiang and Chang'an.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biography identifies western Zhejiang with present-day Zhenjiang and describes movement between western Zhejiang and Chang'an.
  7. [7] Weinan office and uncertain death He entered service as county lieutenant at Weinan during Dazhong and was known as Zhao Weinan; the appointment is dated to around 852 or 854 in different entries, while the death traditions differ and later movements are unknown.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies describe the Weinan appointment, Zhao Weinan, the approximate 852 date, the competing death traditions, and the unknowability of later movements.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The office entry gives Weinan county lieutenant, Dazhong, and 854 as the beginning year, while the basic record gives 852 as the death year.
  8. [8] Poetry and prose exchanges Poems and prose were presented in exchanges with Li Deyu, Liu Sanfu, and Shen Xun.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The association entries list Liu Sanfu, Li Deyu, and Shen Xun and classify each contact as an exchange of poems and prose.
  9. [9] Poetic subjects and identity The biographies praise his poetry as beautiful and full of interest, list its subjects, and preserve the criticism of narrow subject matter and thin content; the basic statuses identify him as a poet and man of letters accomplished in writing.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies praise the poetry, list its subjects, and preserve the criticism of narrow subject matter and thin content.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The status entries identify him as a poet and man of letters and describe him as accomplished in writing.
  10. [10] Regulated verse and critical assessments The critical passages discuss the prominence, polish, clarity, sonority, diction, striking lines, quantities, and contrasting assessments of seven-character and five-character regulated verse.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The critical passages discuss the prominence, style, striking lines, quantities, and contrasting assessments of seven-character and five-character regulated verse.
  11. [11] Yilou couplet and poetic reputation The biographies associate the famous couplet with 《早秋》 or 《長安狄望》 and explain Du Mu's naming of Zhao Yilou. Later criticism says that the couplet's fame obscured his life, notes his other fine lines, treats his regulated verse as a late-Tang style, and compares it with Xu Hun and Liu Cang.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographies and poetic discussions provide the couplet, its differing titles, Du Mu's naming, the many fine lines beyond it, its overshadowing reputation, the late-Tang assessment, and comparisons with Xu Hun and Liu Cang.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The basic names include Zhao Yilou, and the association entry names Du Mu and classifies the contact as poetry and prose.
    • WikidataZhao Gu (Q11636642)The name list confirms Zhao Yilou as an associated name.
  12. [12] Works and transmission His works include the Weinan ji and the Chronological Poems; the former is given as three juan in one tradition, while the latter has two juan and is said to survive in the Dunhuang manuscripts. The Complete Tang Poems contains two juan, supplementary collections add five poems and seven fragments, Duan Chaoduan made the stated collations, and Tan Youxue produced the two named studies.
    • CBDBZhao Gu (94018)The works data lists the Weinan ji and Chronological Poems.
    • Souyun趙嘏 (20205)The biographical passages provide the work titles, volume counts, Dunhuang survival, Tang anthology count, supplements, Duan Chaoduan's collation, and Tan Youxue's studies.