Song Lian

TimelineCBDB

1. 1349 翰林國史院國史編修官 至正
2. 1360 提舉 至正
3. 1364 起居注 至正
4. 1369 總裁官 洪武
5. 1369 翰林國史院學士 洪武
6. 1370 國子司業 洪武
7. 1370 知縣 洪武
8. 1370 編修 洪武
9. 1371 禮部主事 洪武
10. 1371 鄉試考試官 洪武
11. 1372 太子贊善大夫 洪武
12. 1373 侍讀學士 洪武
13. 1373 總裁官 洪武
14. 1373 翰林院侍講學士 洪武
15. 1373 贊善大夫 洪武
16. 1376 翰林學士承旨 洪武

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 俊二 行第
• 太史公 未詳
• 文憲 諡號
• 景濂 字
• 溫樹 室名、別號
• 潛溪 室名、別號
• 潛溪先生 未詳
• 玄真子 未詳
• 龍門子 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• 書法家
• [為官者：文]
• 拒絕出仕
• 博學之人
• 工於文
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Life dates and identity Song Lian lived from 1310 to 1381 and is identified as a late-Yuan and early-Ming official, literary figure, historian, thinker, and calligrapher; the sources give differing precise dates within those years.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The principal record gives the name and years 1310–1381 and identifies him as a calligrapher, learned person, literary figure, and thinker.
   • WikidataSong Lian (Q713013)The biographical item describes him as a literary and political adviser born in 1310 and deceased in 1381, with the Chinese description adding literary, historical, and intellectual roles.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passages give 1310–1381 and call him a leading civil official, literary figure, and historical figure of the early Ming.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority description identifies him as an early-Ming minister, writer, and historian and supplies birth and death ranges in 1310 and 1381.
2. [2] Names and sobriquets His courtesy name was Jinglian; Qianxi, Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhen Daoshi, Xuanzhen Dunsou, and Longmenzi were among his sobriquets.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The name table supplies Jinglian, Qianxi, Xuanzhenzi, Longmenzi, and additional sobriquets and posthumous names.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passages give the courtesy name Jinglian and the sobriquets Qianxi, Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhen Daoshi, and Xuanzhen Dunsou.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The alias list contains Song Jinglian, Song Qianxi, Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhen Daoshi, and Xuanzhen Dunsou.
   • WikidataSong Lian (Q713013)The alias collection includes Jinglian, Qianxi, Xuanzhenzi, Xuanzhen Daoshi, and Longmenzi.
3. [3] Native place and posthumous title His registered native place was Jinhua, he was a native of Pujiang in Zhejiang, his posthumous title was Wenxian, and scholars knew him as Taishigong.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The address data identifies Jinhua as his registered native place and Pujiang as a place of residence, while the name data gives Wenxian and Taishigong.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passages call him a native of Pujiang and give Wenxian and Taishigong as his posthumous and scholarly names.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The birthplace is Jinhua, and the aliases and biographical note give Wenxian and Taishigong.
4. [4] Early study As a child, Song Lian was bright and had a strong memory; poverty led him to borrow and copy books, and he persisted despite the winter cold.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passages describe his strong childhood memory and the poverty, borrowing, copying, and winter hardship of his studies.
5. [5] Book copying He borrowed books from collectors, copied them by hand despite severe winter, and persisted when the inkstone froze and his fingers could not bend.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The account describes his borrowing and hand-copying of books and his persistence when the inkstone froze and his fingers could not bend.
6. [6] Reading He spent several years studying in Qingluo Mountain and read and memorized the Zheng family’s tens of thousands of volumes.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The account says that he entered Qingluo Mountain, did not leave his study for years, and read and remembered the Zheng family’s tens of thousands of volumes.
7. [7] Teachers Song Lian studied with Wu Lai, Liu Guan, and Huang Qian, masters of Yuan classical prose, and later taught Fang Xiaoru.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passages name Liu Guan, Huang Qian, and Wu Lai among his teachers and identify Fang Xiaoru as his disciple.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note says that he studied under Wu Lai and Liu Guan, classical-prose masters, and was Fang Xiaoru’s teacher.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The relationship data identifies Wu Lai and Liu Guan as teachers or members of his teacher lineage and Fang Xiaoru as his disciple.
8. [8] Friends He was a friend of Liu Ji and Zhu You, formed a friendship with Dai Xingzhong, and taught Fang Xiaoru in Pujiang from 1377 to 1381.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The relationship entries identify Liu Ji and Zhu You as friends, Dai Xingzhong as a friend, and state that Fang Xiaoru followed Song Lian at Pujiang from 1377 to 1381.
9. [9] Late-Yuan withdrawal Accounts differ over whether he was appointed or summoned as a Hanlin compiler and over the precise Hanlin title; they agree that he declined because of his parents and withdrew to a mountain retreat identified as Longmen or Xianhua.
   • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The passages vary between appointment, summons, and recruitment, and describe his refusal because of aged parents, his retreat at Longmen or Xianhua, and his Daoist sobriquets.
   • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The office list includes the Hanlin National History Academy compiler title in the Zhizheng period.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note gives another account in which he received a Hanlin academician appointment during Zhizheng, creating a title variation.
10. [10] Summons to Yingtian After Zhu Yuanzhang took Wuzhou, Song Lian was summoned with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi, and Ye Chen to Yingtian.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies describe Zhu Yuanzhang’s capture of Wuzhou and the summons of Song Lian with Liu Ji, Zhang Yi, and Ye Chen to Yingtian.
11. [11] Jiangnan appointment He became Educational Commissioner for Confucian Learning in Jiangnan, taught the Classics to the heir apparent, and later held the office of Qijuzhu.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies record his Jiangnan appointment, instruction of the heir apparent in the Classics, and later change to Qijuzhu.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The office data supplies Qijuzhu and the Jiangnan Confucian education appointment.
12. [12] History of Yuan In 1369, the second year of Hongwu, Song Lian led the compilation of the History of Yuan as chief editor and also participated in the compilation of the Da Ming Rili.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies date his order to compile the History of Yuan to the second year of Hongwu and call him its chief editor, while also mentioning the calendar compilation.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The office and title data include the Hongwu-year academician and chief-editor appointments and the titles History of Yuan and Da Ming Rili.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note confirms his work on the History of Yuan and his senior Hanlin office.
13. [13] Offices His offices included the Hanlin National History Academy, the Imperial College, the Ministry of Rites, Anyuan, the heir apparent’s household, and the Hanlin Academy, culminating in Hanlin Academician-in-Chief and drafter of edicts.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies list his offices from the Imperial College and Ministry of Rites through the heir-apparent and Hanlin posts, culminating in Hanlin Academician and drafter of edicts.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The office list gives the academician, Imperial College, Ministry of Rites, Anyuan, heir-apparent, Hanlin lecturer, and Hanlin Academician-in-Chief titles.
14. [14] Retirement He was demoted to compiler, transferred to the Imperial College, briefly served as magistrate of Anyuan, and retired in 1377 because of age.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies describe the demotion to compiler, transfer to the Imperial College, Anyuan appointment, and retirement in the tenth year of Hongwu because of age.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The office data includes compiler, Imperial College, and Anyuan posts and places the end of the Hanlin Academician-in-Chief appointment in 1377.
15. [15] Family Family data gives his father as Song Wenzhao or Song Chao and his grandfather as Song Shoufu or Song Dezheng; it also names his mother, brother, wife, sons, and eldest grandson.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The kinship data names the father, grandfather, mother, brother, wife, sons, and grandson, with two recorded forms for the father and grandfather.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biography explicitly calls Song Shen the eldest grandson.
16. [16] Maozhou exile and death In 1380, Song Shen was implicated in the Hu Weiyong faction case; Song Lian’s entire family was exiled or settled at Maozhou, and Song Lian died on the way at Kuizhou.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies connect the thirteenth year of Hongwu with Song Shen’s faction case, the family’s Maozhou exile, and Song Lian’s death at Kuizhou, with differing descriptions of the manner of death.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The kinship data identifies Song Shen as a grandson, while the address data identifies Kuizhou Prefecture as Song Lian’s place of death.
17. [17] Poetic style His poetry and prose were praised for elegance and refined, flowing passages; his short poems retained Yuan mannerisms, while longer works often followed Han Yu and could be prolix.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The literary assessment praises the purity and flowing craftsmanship of his poetry and distinguishes the Yuan mannerisms, Han Yu influence, and occasional prolixity of his poems and longer works.
18. [18] Court and reputation After the Ming was founded, much of the court ritual system was drafted by him; the Hongwu emperor called him the foremost civil writer of the founding, Liu Ji called him the foremost writer of the present day, and scholars called him Taishigong.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies describe his role in the Ming court’s ritual institutions and preserve the assessments attributed to the Hongwu emperor, Liu Ji, and scholars.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note also calls him the foremost civil writer of the founding and records the name Taishigong.
19. [19] Three great writers and Japan He was ranked with Liu Ji and Gao Qi among the three great poets and writers of the early Ming, and the Qianxi Collection reached Japan and was printed there.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies place Song Lian with Liu Ji and Gao Qi among the early-Ming three great poets and writers and describe the circulation and printing of the Qianxi Collection in Japan.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note gives the same triad of Song Lian, Gao Qi, and Liu Ji.
20. [20] Private book collecting During the Ming, Song Lian was regarded as the foremost figure in the development of private book collecting.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographical passage singles him out as the leading figure in the opening of a Ming private book-collecting culture.
21. [21] Works and compilations He worked on the History of Yuan and Da Ming Rili; his collected writings have titles including Song Xueshi Wenji, Song Xueshi Quanji, and Song Xueshi Ji, while Qianxi Ji is another collection.
    • Souyun宋濂 (44657)The biographies describe his work on the History of Yuan and list Song Xueshi Wenji, Song Xueshi Ji, and Qianxi Ji among his collections.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The title data gives the History of Yuan, Da Ming Rili, Qianxi Ji, Song Lian Quanji, Song Xueshi Quanji, and Song Xueshi Wenji.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database宋濂 (A007271)The authority note confirms the History of Yuan and Song Xueshi Quanji.
22. [22] Other works Other titles attributed to Song Lian include Qianxi Suiyan, Yan Shu, Luoshan Zayan, Longmenzi Ning Dao Ji, Wenzhang Zhengyuan, and Hongwu Shengzheng Ji.
    • CBDBSong Lian (10097)The title data marks all six listed works as authored works.