Lin Han

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Lin Han passed the metropolitan examination in the second year of Chenghua (1466), in the bingxu session, placing third in the second class. He entered the Hanlin Academy as a shuji shi, then served as Compiler, Xiu zhuan, and Left Expositor in the Left Spring Office of the Directorate of the Heir Apparent.[2] Early in Hongzhi, he was summoned to help compile the Veritable Records of Emperor Xianzong, served as a lecturer in the Classics Mat, and acted as an examiner for provincial examinations; between 1490 and 1499 he was Director of the Imperial College, and from 1496 to 1499 Vice Minister of Rites.[3]

In the twelfth year of Hongzhi (1499) he successively held the posts of Right and Left Vice Minister of Personnel; in 1500 he became Minister of Personnel in Nanjing. After submitting a memorial that displeased the throne, he requested dismissal, but the Hongzhi Emperor did not approve.[4]

Political career

During Zhengde he held a post in the Nanjing Ministry of War, with the title given variously as Vice Minister and Minister; in the first year of Zhengde (1506), recommended by Qiu Jun and Shi Jie, he was appointed Minister of War in Nanjing and assistant in handling military affairs.[5] While serving there, he submitted twelve proposals on current affairs; many were blocked because his wording touched the emperor’s favorites. After disagreements with the eunuch commander and his curbing of eunuchs who carried tribute through Nanjing, Liu Jin came to resent him, and he was demoted to a provincial administration post in Zhejiang before retiring to his native place.[6]

He was then falsely accused of belonging to a clique. After Liu Jin was executed, he was restored to office and again served as Minister of War in Nanjing in 1510, retiring once more soon afterward.[7] He died in the ninth month of the fourteenth year of Zhengde (1519), was posthumously made Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent, and received the posthumous name Wen’an.[8]

Family and connections

His father is variously given as Lin Liu (林鏐) and Lin Yuanmei (林元美). His great-grandfather was Lin Jun (林俊), his grandfather Lin Guan (林觀), his mother Zheng, his elder brother 林濬, his younger brothers 林濲, 林淮, and 林渭, and his wife Huang.[9] He had a son, Lin Tingji (1506–1581), and a grandson, 林焬.[10]

His literary and social connections included letters from Lin Jun, Cheng Minzheng, Zhang Mao, and He Qin, replies from Lin Jun, and gift poems or prose from Wang Ao and Yang Shouzhi. He wrote epitaphs for Huang Qian, Xu Tiansi, Qi Zhang, and Xie Shou, a sacrificial text for Peng Hua, and a spirit-way stele for Zhu Kui.[11]

Character and works

He was described as modest and generous, and as uncompromising in his self-discipline.[12] His works include 《文安公集》 and 《泉山集》, as well as 《奏議(林瀚)》, 《林瀚集》 in twenty-five juan, 《泉山詩文》, 《泉山集》 in twenty-five juan, 《經筵講章》, and 《通鑑綱目續編》.[13]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1466 翰林院庶吉士 成化
  2. 1472 翰林院編修 成化
  3. 1477 翰林院修撰 成化
  4. 1486 詹事府左春坊左諭德 成化
  5. 1488 經筵講官 弘治
  6. 1489 鄉試官 弘治
  7. 1490 國子祭酒 弘治
  8. 1496 國子祭酒 弘治
  9. 1496 禮部右侍郎 弘治
  10. 1499 吏部右侍郎 弘治
  11. 1499 吏部左侍郎 弘治
  12. 1500 吏部尚書 弘治
  13. 1506 兵部尚書 正德
  14. 1507 右參政 正德
  15. 1510 兵部尚書 正德

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
翰林院庶吉士14661472成化
翰林院編修14721477成化
翰林院修撰14771486成化
詹事府左春坊左諭德14861490成化
經筵講官1488弘治
鄉試官1489弘治
國子祭酒14901496弘治
國子祭酒14961499弘治
禮部右侍郎14961499弘治
吏部右侍郎1499弘治
吏部左侍郎14991500弘治
吏部尚書15001506弘治南京
兵部尚書15061507正德南京
右參政1507正德浙江布政司
兵部尚書1510正德南京
Year unknown6
OfficeEraPosting
兵部尚書正德南京
吏部尚書弘治南京
太子太保Era unknownUnknown
太子少保正德Unknown
左參政正德浙江布政司
詹事府左春坊左諭德成化Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖林俊–
祖父林觀–
父林元美–
母鄭氏(林瀚母)–
兄林濬–
弟林濲–
弟林淮–
弟林渭–
妻子黃氏(林瀚妻)–
子林庭機1506–1581
孫林焬–

AliasesCBDB

  • 三 行第
  • 亨大 字
  • 亨甫 字
  • 文安 諡號
  • 泉山 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
林俊書序由林俊所作–
黃潛為黃潛作墓誌銘–
許天賜為許天賜作墓誌銘–
齊章為齊章作墓誌銘–
謝綬為謝綬作墓誌銘–
章懋傳記作者為章懋–
陳文燭傳記作者為陳文燭–
彭華為彭華作祭文–
張岳祭文由張岳所作–
舒芬祭文由舒芬所作–
方豪廟碑記由方豪所作–
羅欽順臨別得到羅欽順所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
王鏊臨別得到王鏊所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
朱奎為朱奎作神道碑–
彭華為彭華作行狀–
林俊被致書由林俊–
林俊被致書由林俊–
程敏政被致書由程敏政–
章懋被致書由章懋–
賀欽被致書由賀欽–
林俊收到林俊的答書–
王鏊收到王鏊的贈詩、文–
王鏊收到王鏊的贈詩、文–
楊守阯收到楊守阯的贈詩、文–
姚鏌學記(書院記)由姚鏌所作–
王炎午評論王炎午之著作–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第二甲第三名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
奏議(林瀚)
憲宗實錄
林瀚集:二十五卷
泉山詩文
泉山集:二十五卷
經筵講章
通鑑綱目續編

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and names Lin Han lived from 1434 to 1519 and was a Ming politician; the evidence also gives his courtesy name, alternate courtesy name, style name, and home prefecture and county.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)These fields supply his name, dates, Ming affiliation, courtesy names, style name, and Min County affiliation.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The profile and biographical passage identify him, give his dates and Ming setting, and name Hengda, Quanshan, and Linpu in Min County, Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian.
    • WikidataLin Han (Q11106601)The entity label, politician description, and alias entries support his identity, political role, Hengda, Hengfu, and Quanshan.
  2. [2] Examination and early career In 1466 Lin Han passed the bingxu jinshi examination, ranked third in the second class, entered the Hanlin Academy as a shuji shi, and subsequently held the posts of compiler, Xiu zhuan, and Left Expositor.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The examination and office fields give the jinshi status, second-class third-place rank, and the sequence of shuji shi, compiler, Xiu zhuan, and Left Expositor appointments.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The biographical passages state that he passed the Chenghua second-year bingxu examination, became a shuji shi, and received a Hanlin compiling appointment.
  3. [3] Hongzhi appointments In early Hongzhi he helped compile the Veritable Records of Emperor Xianzong, lectured at the Classics Mat, and served as a provincial examination examiner; the office chronology places him as Director of the Imperial College from 1490 to 1499 and Vice Minister of Rites from 1496 to 1499.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The office entries provide the lecturer, provincial examination examiner, Imperial College Director, and Vice Minister of Rites posts with their years.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The biographical passage says that he was summoned in early Hongzhi to compile the Veritable Records, then served as a Classics Mat lecturer, Imperial College Director, and Vice Minister of Rites.
  4. [4] Nanjing Personnel Ministry In 1499 he successively served as Right and Left Vice Minister of Personnel, became Nanjing Minister of Personnel in 1500, and unsuccessfully sought dismissal after a memorial displeased the Hongzhi Emperor.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The office entries show the two Vice Minister of Personnel appointments and the 1500 Nanjing Ministry of Personnel appointment.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The biographical passage explicitly gives the Hongzhi thirteenth-year Nanjing appointment, the memorial that displeased the throne, and the emperor's refusal to accept his resignation.
  5. [5] Zhengde Nanjing military appointment The Nanjing Ministry of War title appears in both Vice Minister and Minister forms; the detailed account also gives the 1506 recommendation by Qiu Jun and Shi Jie and his role in assisting military affairs.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The office entry records a 1506–1507 appointment as Minister of War in Nanjing.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The passages give the differing Vice Minister and Minister titles and the recommendation by Qiu Jun and Shi Jie; the title list also includes the military appointments and assistance in handling military affairs.
  6. [6] Memorials and demotion He submitted twelve proposals on current affairs, many of which were blocked because they touched court favorites; after conflict with the eunuch commander and curbs on eunuchs carrying tribute through Nanjing, Liu Jin resented him, and he was demoted to a Zhejiang provincial administration post and retired home.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The office entry places him as a Right Provincial Administration Commissioner in Zhejiang during Zhengde.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The passages describe the twelve proposals, their blockage, the disputes with eunuch officials, the tribute route, Liu Jin's resentment, the Zhejiang demotion, and retirement.
  7. [7] False accusation and restoration After being falsely accused of belonging to a clique, Lin Han was restored following Liu Jin's execution; he again held the Nanjing Ministry of War in 1510 and then retired once more.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The office entry records the 1510 return as Minister of War in Nanjing.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The passages state that he was falsely accused as a member of a clique, restored after Liu Jin's execution, and soon retired again.
  8. [8] Death and posthumous honors Lin Han died in the ninth month of the fourteenth Zhengde year, 1519, received the posthumous rank of Grand Protector of the Heir Apparent, and was given the posthumous name Wen'an.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The basic record gives the death year, while the office and alternate-name entries give the posthumous rank and name.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The profile and biographical passages specify death in the ninth month of Zhengde 14 (1519), the posthumous rank, and Wen'an.
    • WikidataLin Han (Q11106601)The entity claims give the 1519 death date and list Wen'an as a name.
  9. [9] Parentage and family The parentage differs between Lin Liu and Lin Yuanmei; the kinship entries also identify the great-grandfather, grandfather, mother, siblings, and wife named in the sentence.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The kinship entries name the great-grandfather Lin Jun, grandfather Lin Guan, father Lin Yuanmei, mother Zheng, elder and younger brothers, and wife Huang.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The biographical passage calls Lin Han the son of Lin Liu, creating the stated difference in the father's name.
  10. [10] Children and descendants The kinship entries identify Lin Tingji as his son, give 1506–1581 as Lin Tingji's life dates, and name a grandson, Lin 焬.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The kinship entries identify the son Lin Tingji with his dates and separately identify the grandson 林焬.
  11. [11] Correspondence and literary connections The associations include letters from Lin Jun, Cheng Minzheng, Zhang Mao, and He Qin, replies from Lin Jun, gift poems or prose from Wang Ao and Yang Shouzhi, and Lin Han's epitaphs, sacrificial text, and spirit-way stele for the named individuals.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The association entries identify the correspondents and the epitaph, sacrificial-text, and spirit-way-stele relationships.
  12. [12] Character The biographical passage describes Lin Han as modest and generous and as uncompromising in his self-discipline.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The passage characterizes him as 謙厚 and 自守介然.
  13. [13] Works The biographical passages name Wen'an gong ji and Quanshan ji, while the associated title list gives the additional works and twenty-five-juan titles in the sentence.
    • CBDBLin Han (67154)The title entries give the works and title variants for the memorials, Lin Han collection, Quanshan writings, Classics Mat lectures, and continuation of the Comprehensive Mirror's outline.
    • Souyun林瀚 (50399)The biographical passages explicitly name 《文安公集》 and 《泉山集》.