Wang Hongru

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Brilliant from childhood, he could read a text once and remember it. Because his family was poor, he worked as an assistant clerk in the prefectural office.[6] The Nanyang prefect is named Duan Rongsi in one account and Duan Jian in another; he recognized the young man's ability, kept him in the office, taught him the classics, and later sent him to the school as a student, after which Hongru became a major Confucian scholar.[7]

In 1483, the nineteenth year of Chenghua, he passed the provincial examination, ranking first as the jieyuan.[8] In 1487, the twenty-third year of Chenghua, he passed the jinshi examination in the Dingwei cohort, ranking eighth in the second class.[9]

In 1489 he was appointed a secretary in the Nanjing Ministry of Revenue. In Hongzhi's seventh year he was promoted to yuanwailang, supervising grain transport at Huai'an and tax collection at Fengyang.[10] In 1496 he became a Shanxi educational inspector, and in 1502 he was promoted to vice commissioner while continuing to oversee educational administration.[11] His nine years in office were said to have invigorated Shanxi's scholarly climate.[12]

In 1505 he requested retirement on grounds of illness. Recalled in 1509 as Director of the Imperial Academy, he soon entered mourning for his father.[13] In 1512 he returned as junior vice minister of the Nanjing Ministry of Revenue; in 1515 he transferred to the Nanjing Ministry of Personnel as junior vice minister and then became senior vice minister, before reaching the post of Nanjing minister of Revenue in 1519.[14]

During Zhu Chenhao's rebellion, he was ordered to supervise military provisions. He reached Anlu by boat in the seventh month, developed a carbuncle on his back, and died at the age of sixty-one; his posthumous name was Wenzhuang.[15] His office titles also include Zizheng dafu (資政大夫), associated with Nanjing.[16]

His father was Wang Ben, his grandfather Wang Cheng, and his great-grandfather Wang Yun; his mother was Lady Si, his wife Lady Wu, and his younger brother Wang Hongjian.[17] His grandson Wang Rulu (1523–1584) also passed the jinshi examination.[18]

Learning and associations

He was described as upright, and his learning was directed toward investigating principle and applying it to practice. He was also associated with calligraphy and philosophical thought.[19] He admired Zhang Jingchun (張景純) for pursuing the principles of human nature and morality as well as astronomy and geography; Cui Xian (崔銑) wrote a preface for one of his books.[20]

Emperor Xiaozong praised him to Liu Daxia, saying that a man like Wang Hongru among the provincial commissioners would one day be fit for important use.[21] During Liu Jin's ascendancy in the Zhengde era, Hongru was pushed aside but was later recalled.[22]

Works and literary activity

His works include *Ningzhai Biyu* (《凝齋筆語》).[23] A nine-volume *Ningzhai ji* is also associated with him; bibliographical titles give *Wenzhuang Ningzhai ji* in nine volumes and a two-volume supplement, while *Wang Wenzhuang deng ji* is also listed.[24] His poetry was praised as “清俊不凡,” and he had *Chen Houshan ji* (《陳後山集》) printed from woodblocks and circulated.[25]

His literary activity included writing epitaphs for 馬文升, 史學, 田鐸, 丘璐, 朱仕颯, 杜忠, 郭堅, 張潤, 張澤, and 臧瑛; composing spirit-way inscriptions for 朱芝垝 and 藍福盛; writing tomb表 for 李聰 and 龔原海[26]; and writing a biography of 史彪.[27] 袁袠 and 朱睦㮮 wrote biographies of him, 郭維藩 wrote a sacrificial text and a xingzhuang for him, and 崔銑 wrote a preface for his book; at parting, he received a farewell text—送別詩 or 序—from 羅欽順.[28]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1496 提刑按察使司僉事 弘治
  2. 1496 提學官 弘治
  3. 1502 提刑按察使司副使 弘治
  4. 1509 國子祭酒 正德
  5. 1512 戶部右侍郎 正德
  6. 1515 吏部右侍郎 正德
  7. 1517 吏部左侍郎 正德
  8. 1519 戶部尚書 正德
  9. 1496 戶部員外郎 弘治

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
提刑按察使司僉事14961502弘治山西布政司
提學官14961506弘治
戶部員外郎1496弘治南京
提刑按察使司副使15021506弘治山西布政司
國子祭酒1509正德
戶部右侍郎15121515正德南京
吏部右侍郎15151517正德
吏部左侍郎15171519正德
戶部尚書1519正德南京
Year unknown11
OfficeEraPosting
吏部左侍郎Era unknownUnknown
國子祭酒Era unknownUnknown
工部郎中弘治Unknown
戶部主事Era unknown南京
戶部主事弘治南京
戶部主事弘治南京
戶部右侍郎正德南京
戶部員外郎弘治南京
戶部尚書Era unknown南京
提學副使Era unknown山西諸道
資政大夫Era unknown南京

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖王雲–
祖父王成–
父王本–
母司氏(王鴻儒母)–
弟王鴻漸–
妻子吳氏(王鴻儒妻)–
孫王汝魯1523–1584

AliasesCBDB

  • 一 行第
  • 凝齋 室名、別號
  • 懋孝 字
  • 懋學 字
  • 文莊 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • 書法家
  • [為官者：文]
  • 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
朱祐樘被朱祐樘欣賞/器重–
張景純欣賞/器重–
劉瑾遭劉瑾排擠–
崔銑書序由崔銑所作–
馬文升為馬文升作墓誌銘1519–
史學為史學作墓誌銘–
田鐸為田鐸作墓誌銘–
丘璐為丘璐作墓誌銘–
朱仕颯為朱仕颯作墓誌銘–
杜忠為杜忠作墓誌銘–
郭堅為郭堅作墓誌銘–
張潤為張潤作墓誌銘–
張澤為張澤作墓誌銘–
臧瑛為臧瑛作墓誌銘–
袁袠傳記作者為袁袠–
朱睦㮮傳記作者為朱睦㮮–
史彪為史彪作傳–
郭維藩祭文由郭維藩所作–
羅欽順臨別得到羅欽順所作贈言(送別詩、序)–
朱芝垝為朱芝垝作神道碑–
藍福盛為藍福盛作神道碑–
李聰為李聰作墓表–
龔原海為龔原海作墓表–
郭維藩行狀由郭維藩所作–
蔡清被致書由蔡清–
胡富贈詩、文–
陸完贈詩、文–
汪應軫收到汪應軫的贈詩、文–
嚴訥其生祠由嚴訥作記–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第二甲第八名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
凝齋筆語撰著者
王文莊等集
文莊凝齋集:九卷
文莊凝齋集別集:二卷

Citations

  1. [1] Name The person's name is Wang Hongru.
  2. [2] Lifespan Wang Hongru lived from 1459 to 1519.
  3. [3] Identity He was a Ming official, Confucian scholar, calligrapher, and thinker.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The main and status entries identify the Ming dynasty, official, calligrapher, and thinker aspects.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The profile identifies the Ming period and the biographical text describes him as a major Confucian scholar.
    • WikidataWang Hongru (Q15933067)The English description identifies him as a Ming dynasty person.
  4. [4] Names and titles His courtesy names, sobriquet, family rank, and posthumous name are given in the sentence.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The alternate-name entries identify Maoxue and Maoxiao as courtesy names, Ningzhai as a sobriquet, 一 as family rank, and Wenzhuang as a posthumous name.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The profile and biographical texts confirm Maoxue, Ningzhai, and Wenzhuang.
    • WikidataWang Hongru (Q15933067)The English aliases and name claims confirm the variant courtesy names, sobriquet, and posthumous name.
  5. [5] Hometown He was from Nanyang County in Henan, modern Nanyang, and was also described simply as a native of Nanyang.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The profile gives the full Henan location, while the biographical texts give both the full location and the shorter Nanyang designation.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The address entries give Nanyang as his place.
  6. [6] Early life He was brilliant from childhood, remembered what he read, and worked as a prefectural-office clerk because his family was poor.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical texts describe his early ability, poverty, and clerical work in the prefectural office.
  7. [7] Prefect's instruction The prefect's name varies between Duan Rongsi and Duan Jian; both accounts describe his recognition, instruction, and admission to the school.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The two biographical passages give the variant prefect names and jointly describe his recognition, teaching, schooling, and Confucian achievement.
  8. [8] Provincial examination In 1483 he passed the provincial examination, ranked first, and became the jieyuan.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text gives the 1483 date, provincial examination, first place, and jieyuan title.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The examination entry confirms his provincial recommended-candidate status.
  9. [9] Jinshi examination In 1487 he passed the Dingwei jinshi examination and ranked eighth in the second class.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical texts give the 1487 Dingwei jinshi examination.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The examination entries confirm the jinshi degree and second-class eighth-place rank.
  10. [10] Early office In 1489 he entered the Nanjing Ministry of Revenue as a secretary, and in Hongzhi seven rose to yuanwailang while handling transport and taxes at Huai'an and Fengyang.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The career passages give the 1489 Nanjing appointment, Hongzhi-seven promotion, and Huai'an and Fengyang duties.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The office entries list the Ministry of Revenue secretary and yuanwailang posts in Nanjing.
  11. [11] Shanxi offices In 1496 he became a Shanxi educational inspector, and in 1502 he was promoted to vice commissioner while retaining educational oversight.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The career passages describe the Shanxi educational appointment and subsequent promotion to vice commissioner.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The office entries place the educational and vice-commissioner posts in Shanxi and give 1496 and 1502 as starting years.
  12. [12] Shanxi scholarly climate His nine years in office were associated with a flourishing scholarly climate in Shanxi.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text says that during his nine years in office Shanxi's scholarly climate became strong.
  13. [13] Retirement and mourning He requested retirement because of illness in 1505, was recalled in 1509 to direct the Imperial Academy, and then entered mourning for his father.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The career passages give the illness-related retirement request in 1505 and the 1509 recall followed by mourning.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The office entries list the Imperial Academy directorate and a 1509 starting year.
  14. [14] Later promotions From 1512 to 1519 he held the Nanjing Revenue and Personnel vice-ministerial posts before becoming Nanjing minister of Revenue.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The career passages give the 1512 return, 1515 transfer and promotion, and 1519 appointment.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The office entries list the Nanjing Revenue junior vice-minister, Personnel junior and senior vice-minister, and Nanjing Revenue minister posts with their starting years.
  15. [15] Death circumstances He was assigned to supervise military provisions during Zhu Chenhao's rebellion, reached Anlu in the seventh month, and died after a back carbuncle at age sixty-one.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text gives the rebellion, military-provisions assignment, July journey to Anlu, back carbuncle, age at death, and posthumous name.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The main and alternate-name entries confirm the 1519 death and Wenzhuang posthumous name.
  16. [16] Zizheng dafu An office entry also gives him the title Zizheng dafu, associated with Nanjing.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The office entry gives 資政大夫, its romanization, and Nanjing as the associated address.
  17. [17] Family His father, grandfather, great-grandfather, mother, wife, and younger brother are identified by name.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The kinship entries name Wang Yun, Wang Cheng, Wang Ben, Lady Si, Wang Hongjian, and Lady Wu in the stated relationships.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text confirms Wang Hongjian as his brother.
  18. [18] Grandson His grandson Wang Rulu lived from 1523 to 1584 and also passed the jinshi examination.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The kinship entry gives Wang Rulu's life dates and a second-class, forty-seventh-place jinshi examination page.
  19. [19] Learning and identity His learning pursued principle and practical application, while calligraphy and thought were also part of his profile.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text describes him as upright and says that his learning pursued principle and practical application.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The status entries identify him as a calligrapher and thinker.
  20. [20] Zhang Jingchun and Cui Xian He admired Zhang Jingchun's broad learning, and Cui Xian wrote a preface for one of his books.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The association entries record Hongru's admiration for Zhang Jingchun's learning and Cui Xian's authorship of a book preface.
  21. [21] Xiaozong's praise Emperor Xiaozong praised him to Liu Daxia as a man suited for important use.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The association entry records Zhu Youtang's appreciation and esteem for him.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text preserves Xiaozong's commendation to Liu Daxia.
  22. [22] Liu Jin During Liu Jin's ascendancy in the Zhengde era, Hongru was pushed aside but later recalled.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The association entry records that Liu Jin marginalized him.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The biographical text describes Liu Jin's dominance and Hongru's later recall.
  23. [23] Ningzhai Biyu Ningzhai Biyu is identified as one of his works.
  24. [24] Collected works His associated collections include a nine-volume Ningzhai ji, Wenzhuang Ningzhai ji in nine volumes, its two-volume supplement, and Wang Wenzhuang deng ji.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The text entries list 王文莊等集, 文莊凝齋集 in nine volumes, and the two-volume supplement.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The literary text names a nine-volume 凝齋集.
  25. [25] Poetry and printing His poetry was praised as 清俊不凡, and he had Chen Houshan ji printed from woodblocks and circulated.
    • Souyun王鴻儒 (49748)The literary text praises his poetry and describes the woodblock printing and circulation of 陳後山集.
  26. [26] Epitaphs and monuments He wrote the listed epitaphs, spirit-way inscriptions, and tomb表.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The association entries list the ten epitaphs, two spirit-way inscriptions, and two tomb表 in the sentence.
  27. [27] Biography of Shi Biao He also wrote a biography of Shi Biao.
  28. [28] Biographies and farewell text Yuan Zhi and Zhu Muju wrote biographies of him; Guo Weifan wrote a sacrificial text and xingzhuang, Cui Xian wrote a preface, and Luo Qinshun supplied a farewell text.
    • CBDBWang Hongru (33864)The association entries distinguish biographies by Yuan Zhi and Zhu Muju, Guo Weifan's sacrificial text and xingzhuang, Cui Xian's preface, and Luo Qinshun's farewell text.