[1]Identity and nameDu Yan lived from 978 to 1057, was a Northern Song official, and used Shichang as his courtesy name; the biographical tradition places him in Shanyin of Yue Prefecture.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The person fields give Du Yan’s name, dates, Song dynasty affiliation, and courtesy name Shichang.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The profile and biographical text identify Du Yan as a Northern Song man from Shanyin in Yue Prefecture, with the courtesy name Shichang and the dates 978–1057.
WikidataDu Yan (Q11099374)The entity labels, English alias, and date statements corroborate the identity, courtesy name, and life dates.
[2]Alternative originsThe biographical tradition gives Shanyin in Yue Prefecture, while the address list gives Songcheng as the basic origin and migration place and Shanyin as an earlier residence.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographical texts consistently identify Shanyin in Yue Prefecture, present-day Shaoxing, as his home place.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The address entries classify Songcheng as the basic origin and migration place and Shanyin as the earlier residence.
[3]ExaminationDu Yan passed the jinshi examination in 1008, with one account ranking him fourth.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographical texts give the Dazhong Xiangfu first-year examination and the account that calls him the fourth-ranked jinshi.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The examination entries identify him as a jinshi and give the rank value 4.
[4]Early appointmentsHis early appointments included the Yangzhou observation commission, Pingyao, and Jinzhou, followed by governorships in several prefectures and military prefectures.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The career summary lists the Yangzhou observation assessor, Pingyao magistracy, Jinzhou assistant prefecture, and the later prefectural and military prefectural appointments.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The appointment entries separately list the Yangzhou assessor, Pingyao magistracy, Jinzhou assistant prefecture, and postings in Qian, Yang, Yongxing, and Bingzhou.
[5]AdministrationDu Yan was known for adjudicating cases and for an orderly, non-coercive administration in which subordinates could not profit through wrongdoing.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographies describe his skill in adjudicating cases, his refusal to govern through harsh punishment, the integrity of his subordinates, and his reputation as a good administrator.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The associated note says that subordinates did not dare to act corruptly while describing his reform-minded service.
[6]Rise in officeHe became Hebei circuit transport commissioner, a direct academician of the Privy Council, and governor of Tianxiong.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The career accounts and title list give the Hebei transport office, the direct academician title, and the Tianxiong governorship.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The appointment entries list the Hebei transport office and direct academician title.
[7]Renzong-era serviceUnder Emperor Renzong, Du Yan held the chief censorship and personnel appointments, then served as vice minister, academician, and governor in Yongxing and Kaifeng.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographies and title list give the chief censorship, personnel, appointment-review, vice-ministerial, Dragon Diagram Pavilion, Yongxing, and Kaifeng offices.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The appointment entries directly list chief censor, vice minister of works, and vice minister of justice.
[8]Privy Council chronologyThe sources preserve two different chronological sequences for Du Yan’s Privy Council appointments.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographical texts give both the Qingli third- and fourth-year sequence and the separate sequence beginning in the first year of Kangding.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The appointment entries place Privy Council Commissioner in Qingli year 3 and tong pingzhangshi in Qingli year 4.
[9]Qingli reforms and dismissalDu Yan worked with Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, and Han Qi during the Qingli reforms, supported the reform program, and lost the chief councillorship after about one hundred days.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographies describe his support for Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi’s new policies, the curtailment of privilege, the resentment of powerful figures, his brief tenure as chief councillor, and his transfer to Yanzhou.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The association entries identify Fu Bi, Han Qi, and Fan Zhongyan as colleagues, summarize the reform aims, and list the tong pingzhangshi office.
[10]Retirement and later lifeDu Yan retired after governing Yanzhou, with different accounts giving the titles associated with his retirement; he lived in Nandu for ten years and belonged to the Suiyang Five Elders assembly.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)One biography gives retirement as Junior Preceptor to the Crown Prince and ten years in Nandu, while another gives the Left Director and age seventy; the title list contains both offices.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The appointment entry lists Junior Preceptor to the Crown Prince, and the association entries name Wang Huan, Bi Shichang, and Zhu Guan in the Suiyang Five Elders assembly.
[11]Duke title, death, and posthumous nameDu Yan was created Duke of Qi, died in 1057 at the age of eighty, and received the posthumous name Zhengxian, with Wenxian as an alternative.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The biographies give the Qi enfeoffment, Jiayou second-year death, age eighty, and the Zhengxian/Wenxian alternative.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The person and office entries give the 1057 death year, Zhengxian, and Duke of Qi title.
WikidataDu Yan (Q11099374)The statements give the posthumous name Zhengxian and the 1057 death year.
[12]Immediate familyHis family record names his father, mother, wife, sons, daughter, and sons-in-law.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The kinship entries name Du Suiliang, Mou, Xiangli with her dates, the daughter married to Su Shunqin, sons-in-law Su Ye and Su Shunqin, and the two sons.
[13]Extended familyThe extended kinship entries name two paternal nephews or cousins, two collateral grandsons, and a grandson.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The kinship entries identify Du Yin and Du Yi as collateral nephews, Du Zhen and Du Changqi as collateral grandsons, and Du Wan as a grandson, with the supplied dates.
[14]Poetic corpusThe poems are represented by the one-scroll 《杜祁公摭稿》, with fourteen additional poems, while another title form is 《杜祁公摭蒿》.
Souyun杜衍 (27770)The poetry summary uses the one-scroll 《杜祁公摭稿》 as its base text and records fourteen additional poems.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The works entry gives the alternative title 《杜祁公摭蒿》.
[15]Other work《四時祭享儀》 is listed as a one-scroll work authored by Du Yan.
CBDBDu Yan (1730)The works entry lists 《四時祭享儀》 in one scroll and identifies him as its author.
CBDB
