Kang Youwei

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

His father was 康達初 and his grandfather 康贊修. He studied under 翁同龢 and was friends with 黃遵憲 and 何藻翔; his brothers included 康有銘 and 康有霈, his wife was 張雲珠, and the kinship record also lists 何旃理 and 梁隨覺 as concubines. His examination record includes the xianggong juren qualification; in 1895 he passed the jinshi examination and was appointed to the Ministry of Works, but did not take up the post[3].

In the fourteenth year of the Guangxu reign, Kang submitted his first memorial to the Guangxu emperor in support of reform. He later lectured at Wanmu Caotang in Guangzhou, promoted New Text Confucianism, and invoked Confucius and the idea of “reform in the guise of antiquity” to argue for institutional reform. In 1895, after the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, he joined more than 1,300 metropolitan examination candidates in the “公車上書,” demanding rejection of the treaty, the transfer of the capital, resistance to the war, and reform; he subsequently organized the Qiangxue Association and edited and printed 《中外紀聞》[4].

Summoned by the Guangxu emperor in the twenty-fourth year of the reign, Kang helped bring about the Wuxu Reform, also called the Hundred Days’ Reform[5]. After the Wuxu coup he fled abroad, lived in Hong Kong, Japan, and Europe and the Americas, founded the Baohuanghui, and advocated constitutional monarchy. After the establishment of the Republic he became president of the Confucian Association and opposed democracy and republicanism; in 1917 he cooperated with Zhang Xun in restoring the monarchy and enthroning the Xuantong emperor, but the restoration collapsed after four days[6].

Thought and writings

Kang’s scholarship centered on New Text Gongyang learning. He was noted for political essays and also wrote poetry; only a small number of his ci poems are said to survive. His works include 《新學偽經考》, 《孔子改制考》, 《萬木草堂叢書》, and 《康南海先生詩集》, while his ci appears in 《全清詞鈔》. In the tenth month of the fifteenth year of the Guangxu reign (1889), he traveled upstream to Wuchang and Hanyang, visited the site of the Yellow Crane Tower, and wrote the regulated verse 《登黃鶴樓》; its line “百戰山川扼勢雄” presents the landscape and conveys concern for the political situation[7].

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
直系祖先康建元–
高祖;四世祖康輝–
曾祖康式鵬–
祖父康贊修–
從祖;伯叔祖康達節–
父康達初–
弟康有銘–
弟康有霈–
妻子張雲珠–
姐夫羅銘三–
妹夫游湘琴–
妹夫譚汝堅–
姊康逸紅–
妾何旃理–
妾梁隨覺–
妾廖定征–
妾廖定徵–
妹康順介–
妹康瓊琚–
女兒康同令–
女兒康同完–
女兒康同復–
女兒康同結–
女兒康同琰–
女兒康同環–
女兒康同薇–
女兒康同璧–
女兒康凌子–
從子;姪子康同和–
子康同吉–
子康同國–
子康同凝–
子康同籛–
養女康同荷–
養女康靜谷–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一天園 室名、別號
  • 不忍 室名、別號
  • 人天廬 室名、別號
  • 勞念劬 室名、別號
  • 勞我廬 室名、別號
  • 南海先生 室名、別號
  • 南海老人 室名、別號
  • 南華 室名、別號
  • 南蘭堂 室名、別號
  • 大庇閣 室名、別號
  • 天孝堂 室名、別號
  • 天游化人 室名、別號
  • 天游閣 室名、別號
  • 天風海濤樓 室名、別號
  • 奮務閣 室名、別號
  • 寥天室 室名、別號
  • 幽飲亭 室名、別號
  • 康祖詒 别名、曾用名
  • 康聖人 室名、別號
  • 廣夏 未詳
  • 廣廈 字
  • 明夷 室名、別號
  • 明夷子 室名、別號
  • 明夷閣 室名、別號
  • 明瑟亭 室名、別號
  • 更生 未詳
  • 更生 室名、別號
  • 更甡 室名、別號
  • 甦生 室名、別號
  • 硓雲荒館 室名、別號
  • 納東海亭 室名、別號
  • 素廣 室名、別號
  • 萬木樓 室名、別號
  • 萬木草堂 室名、別號
  • 西樵山人 室名、別號
  • 逍遙遊齋 室名、別號
  • 長孺 室名、別號
  • 長懶別莊 室名、別號
  • 長素 未詳
  • 長素 室名、別號
  • 長興學舍 室名、別號
  • 雲衢書屋 室名、別號
  • 須彌雪亭 室名、別號

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
黃遵憲友–
何藻翔友–
翁同龢為翁同龢之學生–
朱次琦為朱次琦之學生–
呂拔湖為呂拔湖之學生–
張公輔為張公輔之學生–
梁健修為梁健修之學生–
楊仁山為楊仁山之學生–
陳菶生為陳菶生之學生–
陳鶴僑為陳鶴僑之學生–
林旭學生為林旭–
譚嗣同學生為譚嗣同–
梁啟超學生為梁啟超–
梁啟超弟子為梁啟超–
胡景棠同學、同門–
簡朝亮同學、同門–
許沅致書許沅1922–
祁世長致書祁世長1889–
曾紀澤致書曾紀澤1889–
張之洞致書張之洞1900–
愛新覺羅盛昱致書愛新覺羅盛昱1891–
況周頤致書況周頤1915–
徐乃昌致書徐乃昌1917–
潘祖蔭致書潘祖蔭1888–
潘祖蔭致書潘祖蔭1889–
劉坤一致書劉坤一1900–
瞿鴻禨致書瞿鴻禨1917–
屠仁守致書屠仁守1902–
李鴻章致書李鴻章1900–
孔祥霖致書孔祥霖1913–
孔祥霖致書孔祥霖1916–
朱一新致書朱一新1891–
楊晟致書楊晟1917–
楊晟致書楊晟1919–
楊晟致書楊晟1920–
齊耀琳致書齊耀琳1921–
徐桐致書徐桐1888–
徐世昌致書徐世昌–
徐世昌致書徐世昌1917–
徐世昌致書徐世昌1919–
徐世昌致書徐世昌1920–
陸徵祥致書陸徵祥1917–
陸徵祥致書陸徵祥1919–
陸徵祥致書陸徵祥1923–
陸徵祥致書陸徵祥1924–
陸榮廷致書陸榮廷1916–
朱祖謀致書朱祖謀1916–
夏敬觀致書夏敬觀1922–
袁世凱致書袁世凱1898–
袁世凱致書袁世凱1912–
袁世凱致書袁世凱1916–
段祺瑞致書段祺瑞1924–
程德全致書程德全1915–
程德全致書程德全1916–
謝遠涵致書謝遠涵1916–
汪大燮致書汪大燮1917–
洪良品致書洪良品1888–
葉衍蘭致書葉衍蘭1894–
葉衍蘭致書葉衍蘭1897–
龍濟光致書龍濟光1913–
龍濟光致書龍濟光1914–
岑春煊致書岑春煊1916–
韓國鈞致書韓國鈞1925–
邱逢甲致書邱逢甲1899–
黃紹箕致書黃紹箕1888–
馮國璋致書馮國璋1917–
王揖唐致書王揖唐1924–
鄧承修致書鄧承修1883–
朱慶瀾致書朱慶瀾1917–
劉世珩致書劉世珩1926–
湯叡致書湯叡1908–
吳佩孚致書吳佩孚1922–
吳佩孚致書吳佩孚1923–
吳佩孚致書吳佩孚1924–
吳佩孚致書吳佩孚1925–
吳佩孚致書吳佩孚1926–
汪康年致書汪康年1895–
汪康年致書汪康年1898–
汪康年致書汪康年1901–
張作霖致書張作霖1920–
張作霖致書張作霖1926–
陳煥章致書陳煥章1912–
陳曾壽致書陳曾壽–
歐榘甲致書歐榘甲1900–
羅惇曧致書羅惇曧1915–
周璜致書周璜1897–
鄭文焯致書鄭文焯1918–
經元善致書經元善1900–
徐良致書徐良1926–
徐勤致書徐勤1898–
徐勤致書徐勤1900–
徐勤致書徐勤1902–
徐勤致書徐勤1911–
徐勤致書徐勤1922–
唐才常致書唐才常1900–
黃節致書黃節1920–
蕭耀南致書蕭耀南1924–
曹錕致書曹錕1924–
康廣仁致書康廣仁1889–
康廣仁致書康廣仁1898–

Showing the first 100 of 293 records; the interactive page loads the full list.

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)
科舉: 鄉貢舉人

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates Kang Youwei was born in 1858 and died in 1927; he was a leading reform figure, thinker, scholar, and politician of the late Qing and early Republican period.
    • CBDBKang Youwei (88890)The original values give the name Kang Youwei and the years 1858 and 1927.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The profile gives his name, birth and death years, late-Qing/early-Republican setting, and describes him as a modern reform leader and thinker.
    • WikidataKang Youwei (Q360135)The item identifies Kang Youwei and describes him as a Chinese politician and scholar born in 1858 and deceased in 1927.
  2. [2] Names and origin Kang Youwei’s original name, other names, Nanhai origin, and the title “Nanhai Master” are all stated in the evidence.
    • CBDBKang Youwei (88890)The name and address values list 祖詒, 廣廈, 長素, 更生, 更甡, 西樵山人, 天游化人, 南海先生, and 南海.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The biographical values give his original name, names, Guangdong Nanhai origin, present-day Guangzhou designation, and the title Nanhai Master.
  3. [3] Family, teachers, and examinations The evidence names his immediate family, teacher, friends, examination qualifications, jinshi degree, and unaccepted appointment.
    • CBDBKang Youwei (88890)The kinship and association values name his father, grandfather, brothers, wife, concubines, teacher, and friends.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The biographical values confirm the 1895 jinshi degree and the Ministry of Works appointment that he did not take up.
  4. [4] Early reform activities Kang’s early reform activities included memorials to the emperor, teaching, the 公車上書, and the Qiangxue Association.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The biographical values describe his first memorial, Wanmu Caotang lectures, New Text learning, the 公車上書, the Qiangxue Association, and 中外紀聞.
  5. [5] Wuxu Reform Kang’s imperial summons in the twenty-fourth Guangxu year is associated with the Wuxu or Hundred Days’ Reform.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The biographical values record the imperial summons, the twenty-fourth Guangxu year, and the Wuxu/Hundred Days’ Reform.
  6. [6] Exile and restoration politics After 1898 Kang Youwei fled abroad, advocated constitutional monarchy and defended the Qing, opposed republicanism, and took part in the 1917 restoration attempt.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The biographical values describe his flight and exile, the Baohuanghui and constitutional-monarchy position, his Republican-era office and anti-republican stance, and the four-day 1917 restoration attempt.
  7. [7] Thought and writings Kang Youwei’s thought, literary work, major books, and 1889 Yellow Crane Tower poem are described together in the evidence.
    • Souyun康有為 (60319)The literary values describe New Text Gongyang learning, political essays, poetry and ci, the listed works, and the 1889 Yellow Crane Tower poem and its political significance.