Wang Qiao

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Family and examinations

His father was Wang Nie (王臬, 1477–1553); his grandfather was Wang Han (王瀚), his great-grandfather Wang Zhen (王鎮), and his mother was from the Yu family (于氏).[3] He had eight elder brothers—王黯, 王然, 王燾, 王點, 王烋, 王熙, 王烝, and 王傑.[4] He had four younger brothers—王維熊, 王維羆, 王夢羔, and 王夢魚; his wife was 虞氏, and his son was Wang Kentang (王肯堂), born in 1552.[5] He placed 67th in the Yingtian prefectural examination. In 1547, he ranked 224th in the Dingwei metropolitan examination and took fifteenth place in the third class of the jinshi.[6]

Official career

He entered government service as an official of the Bureau of Travelers (行人司行人) and later served as an assistant director in the Ministry of Justice, specifically the Yunnan Office. He also became a vice commissioner in Shandong, but returned home because of illness.[7] At the beginning of the Wanli reign, Zhang Juzheng, then chief grand secretary, recognized his ability, recommended him for appointment as vice commissioner in Zhejiang, and promoted him to vice director and director of the Office of the Imperial Seals.[8] Because Qiao asked that the officials who opposed Zhang's return to office during mourning not be punished, he fell out with Zhang, was sent to serve as libationer of the Nanjing Court of State Ceremonial, and was soon dismissed.[9] He later returned to office: in Wanli 20 he became president of the Nanjing Judicial Court, in Wanli 21 vice minister of the Nanjing Ministry of Justice, and in Wanli 23 vice censor-in-chief.[10] The censor Lu Dazhong impeached him as aged, and the Wanli emperor ordered his retirement.[11] After his death, he was posthumously granted the rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and the posthumous name Gongjian.[12]

Classical learning and works

Wang Qiao was a scholar of the classics, particularly of Spring and Autumn learning. While serving in the Ministry of Justice, he wrote *Notes on Private Annotations to the Statutes* (《讀律私箋》), described as precise and rigorous.[13] His works included *Fanglu Jushi ji* (《方麓居士集》). Other titles attributed to him were *Shangshu riji*, sixteen juan, and *Chunqiu jizhuan*, thirteen juan, together with a one-juan *Zongzhi* and a two-juan *Fanli*; *Fanglu ji* is also listed among titles associated with his writings.[14] His literary activities included writing a biography of Yang Jisheng and a preface to a book by Chen Hou.[15]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown7
OfficeEraPosting
京大理寺卿萬曆南京
刑部右侍郎萬曆南京
刑部雲南司員外郎嘉靖雲南
右都御史萬曆南京
尚寶司卿萬曆Unknown
尚寶司少卿萬曆Unknown
鴻臚寺卿萬曆南京

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖王鎮–
祖父王瀚–
父王臬1477–1553
母于氏(王樵母)–
兄王黯–
兄王然–
兄王燾–
兄王點–
兄王烋–
兄王熙–
兄王烝–
兄王傑–
弟王維熊–
弟王維羆–
弟王夢羔–
弟王夢魚–
妻子虞氏(王樵妻)–
子王肯堂1552–

AliasesCBDB

  • 九 行第
  • 恭簡 未詳
  • 恭簡 諡號
  • 方麓 室名、別號
  • 明逸 字
  • 明遠 未詳
  • 明遠 字

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者:文]
  • 以疾廢
  • 經學家
  • 經學家—春秋

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
張居正被張居正推薦–
陳逅為陳逅所著書作序–
楊繼盛為楊繼盛作傳–
虞謙為虞謙作傳–
王燁為王燁作傳–
段敏為段敏作傳–
唐順之為唐順之作祭文–
顧章志為顧章志作祭文–
楊繼盛為楊繼盛作祭文–
王世貞為王世貞作祭文–
李默為李默作祭文–
張祥鳶為張祥鳶作祭文–
馮夢禎祭文由馮夢禎所作–
焦竑祭文由焦竑所作–
王良為王良作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
王儼為王儼作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
王儼為王儼作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
王儼為王儼作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
徐元太為徐元太作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
曹一鵬為曹一鵬作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
戴鳳翔為戴鳳翔作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)–
張祥鳶從張祥鳶處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
張祥鳶從張祥鳶處收到賀詞 (occasion)–
王臬為王臬作家傳–
史朝賓為史朝賓作墓表–
焦竑行狀由焦竑所作–
方弘靜被致書由方弘靜–
姜寶被致書由姜寶–
姜寶被致書由姜寶–
姜寶被致書由姜寶–
張祥鳶被致書由張祥鳶–
湯顯祖收到湯顯祖的答書–
李春芳贈詩、文–
萬士和贈詩、文–
方弘靜贈詩、文–
姜寶贈詩、文–
姜寶贈詩、文–
張祥鳶贈詩、文–
潘晟贈詩、文–
湯顯祖收到湯顯祖的贈詩、文–
姜寶為姜寶作學記(書院記)–
李維楨詩文序由李維楨所作–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第三甲第十五名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
方麓集
方麓居士集:十四卷
尚書日記十六卷撰著者
春秋輯傳 十三卷 宗旨 一卷 凡例 二卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates, and identity Wang Qiao lived from 1521 to 1599 and is identified as a Ming civil official and scholar of the classics.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The person record gives Wang Qiao's name and dates, identifies him with the Ming, and classifies him as a civil official and classicist.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The profile and biographical text give his name, life dates, and Ming identity, together with his official and scholarly career.
    • WikidataWang Qiao (Q45427488)The entity record labels him Wang Qiao, describes him as a Ming-dynasty person, and supplies the 1521 and 1599 year values.
  2. [2] Courtesy names, style name, birth order, posthumous name, and birthplace His courtesy name appears as Mingyuan and Mingyi, while Fanglu is his hao, Jiu marks his birth order, and Gongjian is his posthumous name; he came from Jintan County in Zhenjiang Prefecture, Zhili.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The name fields give the forms Mingyuan, Mingyi, Fanglu, Jiu, and Gongjian, and the address field identifies Jintan as his native place.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The two biographical passages use the differing courtesy-name forms Mingyuan and Mingyi and place him in Jintan County, Zhenjiang Prefecture, Zhili.
    • WikidataWang Qiao (Q45427488)The entity's English and Chinese name lists preserve the corresponding forms Fanglu, Gongjian, Mingyuan, and Mingyi, while the named claims classify them as courtesy, style, and posthumous names.
  3. [3] Parents and ancestors His father was Wang Nie, his grandfather Wang Han, his great-grandfather Wang Zhen, and his mother was from the Yu family; Wang Nie's recorded dates are 1477–1553.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The kinship fields identify Wang Nie and his dates, Wang Han, Wang Zhen, and Yu-shi as father, grandfather, great-grandfather, and mother respectively.
  4. [4] Elder brothers He had eight elder brothers: Wang 黯, Wang 然, Wang 燾, Wang 點, Wang 烋, Wang 熙, Wang 烝, and Wang 傑.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The kinship fields list Wang 黯, Wang 然, Wang 燾, Wang 點, Wang 烋, Wang 熙, Wang 烝, and Wang 傑 as elder brothers.
  5. [5] Younger brothers, wife, and son He had four younger brothers, a wife from the Yu family, and a son, Wang Kentang, born in 1552.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The kinship fields list four younger brothers, Yu-shi as wife, and Wang Kentang as son, with Wang Kentang's birth year given as 1552.
  6. [6] Examination results Wang Qiao ranked 67th in the Yingtian prefectural examination and, in 1547, 224th in the Dingwei metropolitan examination before taking fifteenth place in the third class of the jinshi; the examination classifications differ between the structured entries and the biographical text.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The examination entries supply the ranks 224, 67, and third class fifteenth place, but place 224 under provincial-degree examination and 67 under the student record rather than using the biography's classifications.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage identifies 67th place in the Yingtian examination and, in 1547, 224th place in the Dingwei metropolitan examination and third-class fifteenth-place jinshi.
  7. [7] Early offices He entered service through the Bureau of Travelers, served as an assistant director in the Ministry of Justice's Yunnan Office, and became a vice commissioner in Shandong before returning home because of illness.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The office field gives the Yunnan Office assistant-director post, the associated place is Yunnan, and the status field records retirement or dismissal because of illness.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passages record appointment as an official of the Bureau of Travelers, service as a Ministry of Justice assistant director, the Shandong vice-commissioner post, and return because of illness.
  8. [8] Zhang Juzheng's recommendation At the beginning of the Wanli reign, Zhang Juzheng was chief grand secretary, recognized Wang Qiao's ability, recommended him, and secured his appointment in Zhejiang followed by promotion in the Office of the Imperial Seals.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The association field identifies Zhang Juzheng as the person who recommended Wang Qiao, while the office fields give the two Office of the Imperial Seals posts.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passages say that Zhang Juzheng recognized his ability, used him as a Zhejiang vice commissioner, promoted him in the Office of the Imperial Seals, and was chief grand secretary at the time.
  9. [9] Conflict with Zhang Juzheng After asking that officials who opposed Zhang Juzheng's return to office during mourning not be punished, Wang Qiao offended Zhang, was sent to the Nanjing Court of State Ceremonial, and was soon dismissed.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passages connect his request not to punish the officials opposing Zhang's return during mourning with the ensuing conflict, Nanjing ceremonial appointment, and dismissal.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The office record gives the Court of State Ceremonial presidency and locates the appointment in Nanjing.
  10. [10] Later offices After returning to office, he held the Nanjing Judicial Court presidency in Wanli 20, the Nanjing Ministry of Justice vice-ministership in Wanli 21, and the vice-censor-in-chief post in Wanli 23.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The office fields assign the Nanjing Judicial Court, Nanjing Ministry of Justice, and vice-censor-in-chief posts to Wanli years 20, 21, and 23 respectively.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage confirms his later return to office and rise to vice censor-in-chief.
  11. [11] Retirement The censor Lu Dazhong impeached him as aged, after which the Wanli emperor ordered his retirement.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage names Lu Dazhong, gives the charge of old age, and says that the Wanli emperor ordered Wang Qiao to retire.
  12. [12] Posthumous honors After his death, he was granted the rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and received the posthumous name Gongjian.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage records the posthumous grant of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and the posthumous name Gongjian.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The name fields identify Gongjian as a posthumous name.
    • WikidataWang Qiao (Q45427488)The entity data lists Gongjian and assigns it to the posthumous-name property.
  13. [13] Classical learning and legal scholarship He was identified as a classicist specializing in Spring and Autumn learning; while serving in the Ministry of Justice, he wrote Notes on Private Annotations to the Statutes, characterized as precise and rigorous.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The status fields identify him as a classicist and a Spring and Autumn scholar, while the office field places him in the Ministry of Justice.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage links his Ministry of Justice service with Notes on Private Annotations to the Statutes and describes the work as precise and rigorous.
  14. [14] Works His works include Fanglu Jushi ji; the listed authored titles include Shangshu riji in sixteen juan and Chunqiu jizhuan in thirteen juan, with one juan of Zongzhi and two of Fanli; Fanglu ji is also listed among the associated titles.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The works fields list Fanglu ji and Fanglu Jushi ji, and identify Shangshu riji and Chunqiu jizhuan with their stated juan counts as authored works.
    • Souyun王樵 (51130)The biographical passage names Fanglu Jushi ji among his works.
  15. [15] Biographical and prefatory writing His documented literary work included writing a biography of Yang Jisheng and a preface to a book by Chen Hou.
    • CBDBWang Qiao (34720)The association fields identify Chen Hou as the author whose book received Wang Qiao's preface and Yang Jisheng as the subject of his biography.