[1]Identity and datesLi Xian lived from 656 to 710, was an emperor of the Tang dynasty, and bore the temple name Zhongzong.
CBDBLi Xian (Emperor Zhongzong of Tang) (19242)The principal record gives Li Xian, his 656 birth year, his 710 death year, his Tang identity, and related emperor and Zhongzong entries.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical entries identify Li Xian as a Tang emperor who lived from 656 to 710 and give Zhongzong as his temple name.
WikidataEmperor Zhongzong of Tang (Q9717)The structured item labels him Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, describes him as an emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and supplies the Zhongzong name and birth and death dates.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority entry names Li Xian, places him in the Tang dynasty, gives his birth and death years, and lists Tang Zhongzong as an alias.
[2]Original name and family backgroundLi Xian was originally named Li Zhe, had the ordinal name Li San, was the seventh son of Emperor Gaozong and the third son of Wu Zetian, and had his ancestral register in Chang’an.
CBDBLi Xian (Emperor Zhongzong of Tang) (19242)The personal and kinship entries give the ordinal name Li San, the name Li Zhe, his father Li Zhi, his mother Wu Zhao, and Chang’an as his ancestral register.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text calls him the seventh son of Gaozong and recounts the change of name to Zhe.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority entry gives Li Zhe as his original name and calls him the seventh son of Gaozong and the third son of Wu Zetian.
[3]Enfeoffments and governorshipsHe was made Prince of Zhou and Prince of Ying, held the nominal governorships of Luozhou and Yongzhou, and became crown prince in the eighth month of Yonglong 1.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical chronology gives his birth in Xianqing 1, enfeoffment as Prince of Zhou, transfer to Prince of Ying, change of name, and appointment as crown prince in Yonglong 1.
CBDBLi Xian (Emperor Zhongzong of Tang) (19242)The office entries place a Luozhou governorship in Xianqing 2 and a Yongzhou governorship in Yifeng 2, while giving 656 as the birth year.
[4]First accessionHe acceded in Hongdao 1 (684), whose character form also appears as 宏道, and Sisheng was one of his reign eras.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text writes the accession as 宏道元年十二月 and then proceeds to Sisheng 1.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority summary dates the first accession to Hongdao 1, or 684, and lists Sisheng among the reign eras.
[5]Deposition and exileAfter accession, Empress Wu ruled from court and had Li Xian deposed as Prince of Luling; he was moved from Junzhou to Fangzhou, with Guangzhai 1 and Sisheng 1 representing differing dates for the deposition.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text describes Empress Wu’s court rule, the deposition as Prince of Luling, the moves to Junzhou and Fangzhou, and associates the event with Sisheng 1.
CBDBLi Xian (Emperor Zhongzong of Tang) (19242)The association entry connects the deposition of the throne with Guangzhai, while the office entry connects Luling with Sisheng, producing the stated chronological divergence.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority entry calls him deposed by Empress Wu and lists Prince of Luling as an alias.
[6]Restoration and second accessionRestored as crown prince in Shengli 1 (689), Li Xian resumed his name; in Shenlong 1 (705), Zhang Jianzhi and others restored him to the throne after Wu Zetian’s compelled abdication and restored the Tang dynastic name.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text records his restoration as crown prince, the Shenlong 1 intervention by Zhang Jianzhi and others with imperial guards, and the recovery of the throne and Tang name.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority summary dates the restoration of the crown prince to 689 and Wu Zetian’s compelled abdication in favor of Li Xian to 705.
[7]Honorifics and reign erasDuring the restored reign he received the honorifics Yingtian Huangdi and Yingtian Shenlong Huangdi; his reign eras were Sisheng, Shenlong, and Jinglong.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text gives the eleventh-month honorific in Shenlong 1 and the added honorific in the eighth month of Shenlong 3.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority summary lists Sisheng, Shenlong, and Jinglong as the reign eras.
[8]Length and politics of the reignThe first reign ended after two years and the restored reign lasted four; summaries differ between about five and a half years and seven years in total, while Empress Wei, Wu Sansi, and Princess Anle are associated with the later political situation.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical entries give seven years as one overall summary, two years before deposition, four years after restoration, and describe the later domination of Empress Wei and Wu Sansi and Princess Anle’s sale of offices and titles.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority summary gives about five and a half years for the two periods of rule together.
[9]Death and disputed dateLi Xian died in 710; the day is given as July 3 or July 7, and the biographical account says he was poisoned by Empress Wei and Princess Anle.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority date gives 710-07-07, producing the stated alternative date.
[10]Posthumous titles and burialHis posthumous title is given as Xiaohe Huangdi, with the longer Xiaohe form also occurring; his temple name was Zhongzong, the extended honorific has Taihe and Dahe forms, and his burial place was Fuping.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text gives 孝和皇帝 as the posthumous title, 中宗 as the temple name, and 太和大聖大昭孝皇帝 as the extended honorific.
DILA Buddhist Authority Database李顯 (A002100)The authority entry includes 大和大聖大昭孝皇帝, 孝和皇帝, and 孝和大聖大昭孝皇帝 among the posthumous titles.
[11]Close kin and marriagesHis parents were Li Zhi and Wu Zhao, his younger brother was Li Dan, and his wives were Zhao and Wei; the names of his fathers-in-law vary among Wei Xuanzhen, Zhao Xiaoju, and Zhao Huan.
CBDBLi Xian (Emperor Zhongzong of Tang) (19242)The kinship entries name his father Li Zhi, mother Wu Zhao, younger brother Li Dan, wives Zhao and Wei, and the three differing fathers-in-law names.
WikidataEmperor Zhongzong of Tang (Q9717)The structured relationship claims identify a father, a mother, and three spouse relationships, corresponding to the named family relations.
[12]Children and in-lawsThe kinship list names four sons, four daughters, and six sons-in-law, which are rendered in English in the article.
WikidataEmperor Zhongzong of Tang (Q9717)The structured relationship claims contain twelve child links corresponding to the child grouping in the kinship list.
[13]Collected worksLi Xian is associated with a collection of writings in forty juan.
Souyun李顯 (13899)The biographical text ends by stating that a collection of forty juan existed.
CBDB
