Fang Xianfu

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公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Family and associations

His father's name is given as Fang Sui or Fang Yunsheng; one account states that his father had already died when Fang was born. His great-grandfather was Fang Shihong, his grandfather Fang Yongzhong, and his mother Huang.[2]

His elder brothers were Fang Guike and Fang Maoke, the latter also given as Fang Maofu. He married Zou and had two sons, Fang Qu and Fang Fan; Fang Zhi was a nephew.[3]

His intellectual and documentary associations included Zhan Ruoshui, Wang Shouren, Lu Shen, Zhang Yue, Huang Wan, and Dai Guan: Wang was both his teacher and a correspondent who sent replies; Lu, Zhang, and Huang sent letters, while Fang received a reply from Dai.[4]

Lü Ben wrote his spirit-way stele, Fang Hao wrote an academy inscription, and Fang Xianfu submitted a memorial in defense of Zhang Zheng.[5]

Life

His educational and examination career included the status of shengyuan and provincial recommended candidate. In Hongzhi 18 (1505), he passed the jinshi examination, ranking 156th in the third class, and was selected as a shujishi. He requested leave to return home to care for his mother and, after her death, observed mourning.[6]

During the Zhengde era he was appointed a director in the Ministry of Rites, transferred to the Ministry of Personnel, and successively served as a director and vice director in its Selection and Verification offices; in Jiajing 2–3 (1523–24), he also served in the Kao-gong and Selection offices. He discussed learning with Wang Shouren, asked to become his disciple, and later retired because of illness to Xiqiao Mountain, where he read for ten years; he was also a friend of Zhan Ruoshui.[7]

At the beginning of the Jiajing reign, he returned to court. As the Great Rites Controversy remained unresolved, he drafted a memorial supporting the Jiajing Emperor's recognition of his biological father as the imperial father; he thereby won imperial favor and was appointed a Hanlin attendant lecturer. In Jiajing 4 (1525), he was promoted to Junior Supervisor of the Heir Apparent's Office. His arguments were moderate, but public opinion regarded him as treacherous; he was repeatedly impeached and eventually retired on grounds of illness.[8]

In Jiajing 6 (1527), he was summoned, along with his fellow Nanhai native Huo Tao, to compile Minglun dadian, serving as compiler and deputy chief editor. He was then put in charge of the Court of Judicial Review, appointed vice minister of rites while concurrently a Hanlin academician, became left vice minister of personnel, and served as a daily lecturer at the Classics Mat. In Jiajing 8 (1529), he served as a reader of examination papers and chief editor.[9]

After Minglun dadian was completed, he was granted the title Taizi Taibao and promoted to Minister of Personnel; he also held the title Taizi Shaobao. When recalled in Jiajing 10, he initially declined on grounds of illness, but went to the capital after a second summons. After a later resignation, he recommended Liang Cai, Wang Hong, and Wang Tingxiang, withdrew to Xiqiao Mountain, built the Shiquan Hermitage, amassed a large library, and lectured at Shiquan Academy.[10]

In Jiajing 11 (1532), he was reappointed Minister of Rites and concurrently made Grand Academician of the Wuying Hall, entered the Grand Secretariat, and rose to chief grand secretary. After Minister of Personnel Wang Qiong died, Fang took charge of the ministry, and in Jiajing 13 (1534) he became Shaobao. He was later removed after further impeachments. After two years in the Grand Secretariat, three memorials citing illness secured permission for him to retire; he lived at home for ten years. He died in Jiajing 23 (1544), was posthumously granted Taibao, and received the posthumous name Wenxiang.[11]

Scholarship and writings

Fang's scholarship combined classical learning with academy lecturing; he was also classified as a thinker. He studied under Wang Shouren and later lectured at Shiquan Academy. His works include Zhouyi Chuanyi yueshuo, also titled Zhouyi yueshuo, in 12 juan, and Xiqiao yigao in 8 juan, also titled Xiqiao gao in 5 juan. Other titles associated with his works include the 180-juan 《大明會典》, 《大禮集議》, 《明倫大典》, 《內則詩》 in 1 juan, 《大學中庸二原》, 《學解諸說》, 《慈聖太后女鑑》 in 1 juan, and 《程子語》.[12]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1505 翰林院庶吉士 弘治
  2. 1510 吏部文選清吏司主事 正德
  3. 1511 吏部驗封清吏司員外郎 正德
  4. 1512 吏部文選清吏司員外郎 正德
  5. 1523 吏部文選清吏司員外郎 嘉靖
  6. 1523 吏部考功司員外郎 嘉靖
  7. 1524 翰林院侍講學士 嘉靖
  8. 1525 詹事府少詹事 嘉靖
  9. 1527 副總裁官 嘉靖
  10. 1527 吏部左侍郎 嘉靖
  11. 1527 禮部右侍郎 嘉靖
  12. 1527 禮部尚書 嘉靖
  13. 1527 經筵日講官 嘉靖
  14. 1527 纂修官 嘉靖
  15. 1527 翰林院學士 嘉靖
  16. 1528 太子少保 嘉靖
  17. 1529 吏部尚書 嘉靖
  18. 1529 總裁官 嘉靖
  19. 1529 讀卷官 嘉靖
  20. 1532 吏部尚書 嘉靖
  21. 1532 武英殿大學士 嘉靖
  22. 1534 少保 嘉靖
  23. 1544 太保 嘉靖
  24. 1510 禮部祠祭司主事 正德

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
翰林院庶吉士1505弘治
吏部文選清吏司主事15101511正德
禮部祠祭司主事1510正德
吏部驗封清吏司員外郎15111512正德
吏部文選清吏司員外郎1512正德
吏部文選清吏司員外郎15231524嘉靖
吏部考功司員外郎1523嘉靖
翰林院侍講學士15241527嘉靖
詹事府少詹事15251527嘉靖
副總裁官1527嘉靖
吏部左侍郎1527嘉靖
禮部右侍郎1527嘉靖
禮部尚書15271529嘉靖
經筵日講官1527嘉靖
纂修官15271528嘉靖
翰林院學士15271530嘉靖
太子少保1528嘉靖
吏部尚書15291530嘉靖
總裁官1529嘉靖
讀卷官1529嘉靖
吏部尚書15321534嘉靖
武英殿大學士15321534嘉靖
少保15341544嘉靖
太保1544嘉靖
Year unknown5
OfficeEraPosting
吏部文選司主事正德Unknown
吏部文選司員外郎嘉靖Unknown
吏部驗封司員外郎正德Unknown
禮部祠祭司主事正德Unknown
詹事府少詹事嘉靖Unknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖方勢宏–
祖父方用中–
父方遂–
父方允盛–
母黃氏(方獻科母)–
兄方貴科–
兄方茂科–
兄方茂夫–
妻子鄒氏(方獻科妻)–
從子;姪子方芷–
子方蕖–
子方蘩–

AliasesCBDB

  • 三 行第
  • 叔賢 字
  • 文襄 諡號
  • 方献夫 未詳
  • 方獻科 别名、曾用名
  • 獻科 别名、曾用名
  • 西樵 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 以疾廢
  • 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
湛若水友–
王守仁為王守仁之學生–
呂本神道碑由呂本所作–
陸深被致書由陸深–
張岳被致書由張岳–
黃綰被致書由黃綰–
黃綰被致書由黃綰–
王守仁收到王守仁的答書–
王守仁收到王守仁的答書–
王守仁收到王守仁的答書1519–
戴冠收到戴冠的答書–
方豪學記(書院記)由方豪所作–
章拯上奏論章拯–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第三甲第一百五十六名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
大明會典:一百八十卷
大禮集議
明倫大典
內則詩:一卷
周易約說:十二卷
大學中庸二原
學解諸說
慈聖太后女鑑:一卷
程子語
西樵稿:五卷

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates, and places The structured values confirm Fang Xianfu's name, Ming affiliation, birth and death years, courtesy name, former name, sobriquet, birth order, and Nanhai affiliation. The biographical texts also preserve the alternative c. 1486–1541 dating and identify Foshan and Putian.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)These values confirm the person's name, Ming affiliation, dates, birth order, courtesy name, former name, sobriquet, and Nanhai place of origin.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts give the c. 1486–1541 or 1544 dating and the 1485–1544 dating, and identify Xianke, Shuxian, Xiqiao, Nanhai, Foshan, and the Putian ancestral origin.
    • WikidataFang Xianfu (Q11084932)The item labels him Fang Xianfu, describes him as a Ming political figure and classicist, and supplies 1485 and 1544 as the birth and death years.
  2. [2] Family background The kinship values give two forms of the father's name, Fang Sui and Fang Yunsheng, and identify Fang Shihong, Fang Yongzhong, and Huang in their respective family relationships. The biographical text states that his father had died before Fang's birth.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The kinship values identify Fang Shihong as great-grandfather, Fang Yongzhong as grandfather, Fang Sui and Fang Yunsheng as two forms of the father's name, and Huang as the mother.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical text explicitly states that Fang's father had already died when Fang was born.
  3. [3] Siblings, marriage, and children The kinship values identify Fang Guike, Fang Maoke, and Fang Maofu as forms of the brother names, and list Zou as wife, Fang Qu and Fang Fan as sons, and Fang Zhi as a nephew.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The kinship values list Fang Guike, Fang Maoke, and Fang Maofu as brothers, Zou as wife, Fang Qu and Fang Fan as sons, and Fang Zhi as a nephew.
  4. [4] Correspondence and commemorative texts The relationship values identify the correspondents, the spirit-way stele and academy inscription authors, and the memorial concerning Zhang Zheng; the biographical texts independently confirm Wang Shouren's role as Fang's teacher.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The relationship values identify Zhan Ruoshui as a friend, Wang Shouren as Fang's teacher, Wang's replies, letters from Lu Shen and Zhang Yue, two letter relations with Huang Wan, and a reply from Dai Guan.
  5. [5] Correspondence and commemorative texts The relationship values attribute the spirit-way stele to Lü Ben, the academy inscription to Fang Hao, and the memorial concerning Zhang Zheng to Fang Xianfu.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The relationship values attribute the spirit-way stele to Lü Ben, the academy inscription to Fang Hao, and the memorial concerning Zhang Zheng to Fang Xianfu.
  6. [6] Examination and mourning The examination and school values list shengyuan, provincial recommended candidate, and the third-class rank of 156th; the biographical text supplies Hongzhi 18 as 1505, the shujishi appointment, the request to care for his mother, and mourning after her death.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The examination, school, and appointment values confirm shengyuan, provincial recommended candidate, jinshi, the third-class 156th rank, and the 1505 shujishi appointment.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts state that he passed in Hongzhi 18, became a shujishi, requested leave to support his mother, and entered mourning after her death.
  7. [7] Early service and teachers This paragraph combines the Zhengde and early Jiajing appointments with Fang's discipleship to Wang Shouren, ten years of reading on Xiqiao Mountain, and friendship with Zhan Ruoshui. The office values supply the named Personnel divisions and the 1523–24 dates.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The appointments list the Rites Office director, the Selection and Verification offices in the Ministry of Personnel, the Kao-gong and Selection vice-director posts from 1523, and the Wang Shouren and Zhan Ruoshui relationships; the status value also marks dismissal because of illness.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts describe the Zhengde Rites and Personnel appointments, study with Wang Shouren, discipleship, illness-related return to Xiqiao Mountain, ten years of reading, and his association with Zhan Ruoshui.
  8. [8] The Great Rites Controversy The biographical texts describe Fang's return to court, his position in the Great Rites Controversy, imperial favor, the Hanlin lectureship, the later political hostility, repeated impeachments, and retirement through illness. The appointment values confirm the 1524–27 Hanlin post and the Jiajing 4 Junior Supervisor post.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The three biographical texts together describe his return to court, the Great Rites position, support for the emperor's biological father, the lectureship and Junior Supervisor post, and the subsequent hostility, impeachments, and illness-related retirement.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The appointment values list the Hanlin attendant lectureship from 1524 to 1527 and the Junior Supervisor appointment beginning in Jiajing 4, alongside the illness-related status.
  9. [9] Compilation of Minglun dadian The paragraph covers the Jiajing 6–8 compilation and lecturing appointments. The biographical texts mention Huo Tao and the compilation, while the appointment values list compiler, deputy chief editor, judicial, Rites, Hanlin, Personnel, Classics Mat, examination-paper reader, and chief-editor posts.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts state that he was summoned with Huo Tao in Jiajing 6 to compile Minglun dadian and then held the judicial, Rites, Hanlin, and Personnel offices.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The appointment values confirm the compiler and deputy chief editor posts from Jiajing 6, the examination-paper reader and chief editor posts from Jiajing 8, and the Rites, Hanlin, Personnel, and Classics Mat positions.
  10. [10] Retirement and lecturing The biographical texts describe the completion of Minglun dadian, the Taizi Taibao promotion, the Jiajing 10 summons and illness-related refusal, the second summons, recommendations, retirement at Xiqiao, the Shiquan Hermitage, its library, and academy lectures. The appointment values also preserve a Taizi Shaobao title, so the two titles are presented together rather than silently reconciled.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts describe the post-compilation promotion, the Jiajing 10 summons and second summons, the recommendations, withdrawal to Xiqiao, construction of the Shiquan Hermitage, its library, and lectures at Shiquan Academy.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The appointment values separately list the Taizi Shaobao title from Jiajing 7 and the Minister of Personnel post from Jiajing 8, creating a title variation alongside the biographical Taizi Taibao wording.
  11. [11] Return to the Grand Secretariat and death The biographical texts describe the Jiajing 11 reappointment, entry into the Grand Secretariat, the chief-grand-secretary wording, Wang Qiong's death, control of the Personnel Ministry, later impeachment, illness memorials, retirement, death, and posthumous honors. The appointment values add the 1532–34 Personnel and Wuying Hall terms, the 1534–44 Shaobao term, and the 1544 Taibao appointment; Wenxiang is identified as the posthumous name.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts describe the Jiajing 11 reappointment, entry into the Grand Secretariat and chief-grand-secretary wording, Wang Qiong's death, later impeachment, two years in office, illness memorials, ten years at home, and the 1544 death and posthumous honors.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The appointment values list Minister of Rites, the 1532–34 Personnel and Wuying Hall terms, Shaobao from 1534 to 1544, and Taibao from 1544; the alias value identifies Wenxiang as the posthumous name.
  12. [12] Scholarship and works The biographical texts confirm study with Wang Shouren, lectures at Shiquan Academy, and the Zhouyi and Xiqiao works. The status value classifies him as a thinker, the work titles supply the ten associated titles and their volumes, and the item description calls him a Ming political figure and classicist.
    • Souyun方獻夫 (46625)The biographical texts confirm study with Wang Shouren, lectures at Shiquan Academy, and the titles Zhouyi Chuanyi yueshuo and Xiqiao yigao; one text gives the latter as eight juan.
    • CBDBFang Xianfu (68286)The status value classifies him as a thinker; the title values list the 180-juan Da Ming huidian, Da li jiyi, Minglun dadian, Neize shi, Zhouyi yueshuo in twelve juan, Daxue Zhongyong eryuan, Xuejie zhushuo, Cisheng Taihou nüjian, Chengzi yu, and Xiqiao gao in five juan.
    • WikidataFang Xianfu (Q11084932)The item description characterizes him as a Ming political figure and classicist.