Cheng Bi

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

At the age of ten, he wrote a poem on ice whose wording was startling[6]. In the fourth year of the Shaoxi era under Emperor Guangzong (1193), he earned the jinshi degree and was appointed Registrar of Changhua; in the first year of the Jiatai era under Emperor Ningzong (1201), he became a professor in Jiankang Prefecture, and in the second year of the Jiading era (1209) was made magistrate of Fuyang County[7].

In the seventh year of Jiading, he was appointed to the Office of Official Proclamations and successively held the posts of Registrar of the Court of Imperial Clan Affairs, Compiler in the Bureau of Military Affairs, an acting director in the Right Section, and Assistant Director of the Palace Library; in the twelfth year he became Commissioner of Ever-Normal Granaries in Western Zhejiang, returned to the Palace Library the following year, and rose to Vice Minister of Rites, concurrently directing the Academy and helping compile the National History[8]. After requesting an assignment outside the capital, he served as Jiangdong Circuit Transport Commissioner and Commissioner of Ever-Normal Granaries in Western Zhejiang; on returning to court, he became Acting Vice Minister of Personnel, concurrently serving as a compiler of National History, joint compiler of the Veritable Records, acting official in the Secretariat’s Right Section, and Director of the Academy, and after Emperor Lizong’s accession also served as reader-in-attendance[9].

When Emperor Ningzong died, Chancellor Shi Miyuan summoned him to the palace at night to draft a jiao zhao (矯詔); in a single night he composed twenty-five edicts[10]. He was then appointed Hanlin Academician and Drafter of Proclamations, and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xin’an Commandery[11].

In the first year of the Baoqing era (1225), he was appointed provisional Minister of Rites; the following year he became Acting Minister of Personnel, Hanlin Academician and Drafter of Proclamations, concurrently responsible for the compilation of the jade genealogy. In the first year of Shaoding (1228), he was sent out as prefect of Jianning and soon appointed Fujian Route Commissioner for Suppressing Banditry, with command of the troops[12]. In the third year of Shaoding, he became superintendent of the Longxing Prefecture Yulong Wanshou Palace, and later served as prefect of Ningguo, Ganzhou, and Fuzhou. In the second year of the Chunyou era (1242), he retired as Duanming Palace Academician; he died in the sixth month at the age of seventy-nine[13].

Cheng Lingxi was a direct ancestor; Wang Huai (1126–1189) was his wife’s grandfather; and his brother was Cheng Ziming[14]. His nephews included Cheng Ruoyan, Cheng Ruochou, Cheng Ruyong, and Cheng Dexiu, who died in 1274[15].

His son Cheng Hai and his sixth son Cheng Zhu (1214–1279) are both listed among his descendants[16]. His grandsons included Cheng Qiyuan, Cheng Qifu, Cheng Qihou, Cheng Qiren, Cheng Qishu, Cheng Qiqing, and Cheng Qishen[17].

While Cheng Bi was living at home, Shu Hui studied under him; Shu later abandoned the examination career and devoted himself to charitable relief in his native community[18].

Writings

His works included the sixty-fascicle Mingshui Collection, which was later lost; in the thirty-fifth year of the Ming Jiajing era, Cheng Yuanbing searched it out and had a twenty-six-fascicle edition engraved. Other titles include the ten-fascicle Inner Prose Drafts and twenty-fascicle Outer Prose Drafts[19]; the titles 《洺水先生文集》, 《眳水小集》, and 《眳水詞》 also appear among the associated works[20].

Individual titles include 《書本草圖後》, 《書朱文公與沙隨先生書後》, 《休寧縣修學記》, and 《與岳珂書》, alongside postscripts, letters, and commemorative records; 《程公行狀》 is also associated with the 《洺水集》[21].

One assessment describes him as a man who maintained his principles in office and was pure in moral character[22].

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1225 寶文閣學士
  2. 1225 正議大夫
  3. 1225 知某州軍州事
  4. 1238 知某州軍州事

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
寶文閣學士1225Era unknown
正議大夫1225Era unknown
知某州軍州事12251225Era unknown福州
知某州軍州事12381238Era unknown虔州
Year unknown7
OfficeEraPosting
正奉大夫Era unknownUnknown
直學士院Era unknownUnknown
知某州軍州事Era unknownUnknown
磨勘諸路提點刑獄司Era unknownUnknown
端明殿學士Era unknownUnknown
翰林學士Era unknownUnknown
騎都尉Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
直系祖先程靈洗–
妻之祖父王淮1126–1189
兄弟程子明–
從子;姪子程若顏–
從子;姪子程若疇–
從子;姪子程若庸–
從子;姪子程德秀–1274
子程海–
六子程洙1214–1279
孫程其元–
孫程其孚–
孫程其垕–
孫程其仁–
孫程其恕–
孫程其清–
孫程其深–

AliasesCBDB

  • 懷古 字

StatusCBDB

  • [為官者：文]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
呂公著欣賞/器重–
舒撝學生為舒撝–
蘇軾為蘇軾所著書作序–
吳儆為吳儆所著書作序1223–
吳垕為吳垕所著書作序–
汪莘為汪莘所著書作序–
程文海書序由程文海所作–
姚元哲為姚元哲作墓誌銘–
程覃為程覃作墓誌銘–
董煟為董煟作墓誌銘–
袁妙覺為袁妙覺作墓誌銘–
吳仁為吳仁作墓誌銘–
許文蔚為許文蔚作墓誌銘–
陳璣為陳璣作墓誌銘–
何氏(陳璣妻)為何氏(陳璣妻)作墓誌銘–
黃渙為黃渙作墓誌銘–
黃閌為黃閌作墓誌銘–
黃椿為黃椿作墓誌銘–
詹廷堅為詹廷堅作墓誌銘–
呂公著為呂公著所著書作跋–
司馬光為司馬光所著書作跋–
朱熹為朱熹所著書作跋–
朱熹為朱熹所著書作跋–
蘇軾為蘇軾所著書作跋–
尹焞為尹焞所著書作跋–
呂祖謙為呂祖謙所著書作跋–
楊億為楊億所著書作跋–
黃庭堅為黃庭堅所著書作跋–
黃庭堅為黃庭堅所著書作跋–
陳瓘為陳瓘所著書作跋–
岳飛為岳飛所著書作跋–
洪邁為洪邁所著書作跋–
王淮為王淮所著書作跋–
王淮為王淮所著書作跋–
張載為張載所著書作跋–
俞烈為俞烈所著書作跋–
歐陽澈為歐陽澈所著書作跋–
崔與之為崔與之所著書作跋–
黃何為黃何所著書作跋–
程敏政傳記作者為程敏政–
李賢傳記作者為李賢–
洪焱祖傳記作者為洪焱祖–
袁燮為袁燮作祭文–
葉適為葉適作祭文–
程卓為程卓作祭文–
俞烈為俞烈作祭文1223–
李埴為李埴作祭文–
黃閌為黃閌作祭文–
王會龍為王會龍作臨別贈言(送別詩、序)1223–
趙擴為趙擴作諡議–
史彌遠同僚–
釋壽為釋壽作佛寺記–
釋永慶為釋永慶作佛寺記–
釋正一為釋正一作佛寺記–
釋妙崧為釋妙崧作佛寺記–
釋法文為釋法文作佛寺記–
釋淨曇為釋淨曇作佛寺記–
釋慧滄為釋慧滄作佛寺記–
方岳神道碑序由方岳所作–
呂午行狀由呂午所作–
朱權為朱權作行狀–
黃何為黃何作行狀–
程敏政畫贊(畫像記)由程敏政所作–
岳珂致書岳珂–
葉翥致書葉翥–
李寔致書李寔–
葉寘致書葉寘–
徐怡致書徐怡–
宇文紹彭為宇文紹彭之建築物題詠、記、命名–
宇文紹彭為宇文紹彭之建築物題詠、記、命名–
洪遵為洪遵之建築物題詠、記、命名–
袁甫為袁甫之建築物題詠、記、命名–
趙范為趙范之建築物題詠、記、命名–
郟升卿為郟升卿之建築物題詠、記、命名–
趙師貢為趙師貢之建築物題詠、記、命名–
宋濟為宋濟之建築物題詠、記、命名–
楊恕為楊恕之建築物題詠、記、命名–
林岊為林岊之建築物題詠、記、命名–
王與權為王與權之建築物題詠、記、命名–
王柟為王柟之建築物題詠、記、命名–
朱藻為朱藻之建築物題詠、記、命名–
李彌高為李彌高之建築物題詠、記、命名–
李彌高為李彌高之建築物題詠、記、命名–
黃閌為黃閌之建築物題詠、記、命名–
詹廷堅為詹廷堅之建築物題詠、記、命名–
詹廷堅為詹廷堅之建築物題詠、記、命名–
劉堂為劉堂之建築物題詠、記、命名–
趙必愿為趙必愿作學記（書院記）–
郟升卿為郟升卿作學記（書院記）–
林岊為林岊作學記（書院記）–
程榆為程榆作學記（書院記）–
吳應酉為吳應酉作學記（書院記）–
尹焞為尹焞之詩文作跋–
俞烈為俞烈之詩文作跋–
謝采伯為謝采伯之生祠作記–
沈繼祖為沈繼祖之生祠作記–
袁甫獻文、書于袁甫–
程敏政祠記由程敏政所作–
周洪謨祠記由周洪謨所作–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
洺水先生文集
眳水小集
眳水詞
內制類稿:十卷
外制類稿:二十卷
洺水集:六十卷

Citations

  1. [1] Name and dates The person named Cheng Bi is dated to 1164–1242.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The main biographical record gives the name Cheng Bi and the years 1164 and 1242.Taken from the source record as captured
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The profile and three biographical entries identify Cheng Bi and give his lifespan as 1164–1242.
    • WikidataCheng Bi (Q16075544)The person item uses Cheng Bi as its English label and gives the 1164 birth and 1242 death time values.Taken from the source record as captured
  2. [2] Identity Cheng Bi is identified as a Southern Song official with a literary body of work.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The biographical data places him in the Song dynasty, identifies him as a civil official, and associates him with the sixty-fascicle Mingshui Collection.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The profile identifies him as a Southern Song figure, while the biographical entries detail his official career and writings.
    • WikidataCheng Bi (Q16075544)The person item describes him as a Song-dynasty person.Taken from the source record as captured
  3. [3] Courtesy name His courtesy name was Huaigu.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The alternate-name entry gives Huaigu and identifies its Chinese form as 懷古.Taken from the source record as captured
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entries explicitly identify 懷古 as his courtesy name.
    • WikidataCheng Bi (Q16075544)The person item also lists Huaigu as an English alias.Taken from the source record as captured
  4. [4] Self-styled name Because his ancestral home was Mingzhou, Cheng Bi styled himself Mingshui Yimin.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entries explain that he used the self-styled name 洺水遺民 because his ancestral home was in Mingzhou.
  5. [5] Hometown He came from Xiuning in Huizhou, identified in modern terms with Xiuning in Anhui.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The address entry gives Xiuning as his native place.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The profile and biographical entries identify his native place as Huizhou Xiuning and give the modern location as Xiuning, Anhui.
  6. [6] Early talent At age ten, Cheng Bi wrote a poem on ice whose wording was considered startling.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entry says that at ten he wrote a poem on ice with astonishing wording.
  7. [7] Examination and early offices He earned the jinshi degree in 1193 and then held the offices at Changhua, Jiankang, and Fuyang in the stated sequence.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The examination entry identifies him as a jinshi.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entries give the Shaoxi, Jiatai, and Jiading dates and the appointments at Changhua, Jiankang, and Fuyang.
  8. [8] Jiading offices During Jiading he successively held offices in official proclamations, the imperial clan administration, the military affairs bureau, the Right Section, and the Palace Library, then rose to senior offices connected with the Ministry of Rites, the Academy, and National History.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The titles list and biographical entries together give this sequence of Jiading appointments.
  9. [9] Return to court After seeking an outside assignment, he served as Jiangdong Transport Commissioner and Western Zhejiang Ever-Normal Granaries Commissioner, then held senior court posts and became a reader-in-attendance after Lizong's accession.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entry states that he sought an outside post, served in the Jiangdong and Western Zhejiang circuits, then held the listed court offices and became a reader-in-attendance after Lizong's accession.
  10. [10] Ningzong succession crisis At Ningzong's death, Shi Miyuan summoned Cheng Bi at night to draft a jiao zhao, and Cheng composed twenty-five edicts in one night.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The association note describes Shi Miyuan's night summons, the drafting of a 矯詔, and twenty-five 制誥 in one night.Taken from the source record as captured
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entry gives the same account of the night summons and the twenty-five edicts.
  11. [11] Hanlin office and enfeoffment After the drafting episode, Cheng Bi became a Hanlin Academician and Drafter of Proclamations and was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xin'an Commandery.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The office list includes the post of Hanlin Academician.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entry states that he was appointed Hanlin Academician and Drafter of Proclamations and enfeoffed as Marquis of Xin'an Commandery.
  12. [12] Baoqing and Shaoding offices In the Baoqing and Shaoding years, he held the ministries and Hanlin office, compiled the jade genealogy, and served as prefect of Jianning with military responsibilities in Fujian.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The titles list and biographical entries give the Baoqing and Shaoding appointments, including the Jianning prefecture and Fujian military offices.
  13. [13] Late offices and death In late life Cheng Bi supervised the Yulong Wanshou Palace, served as prefect of Ningguo, Ganzhou, and Fuzhou, retired as a Duanming Palace Academician in 1242, and died in the sixth month at age seventy-nine.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The office data includes Fuzhou and the title Duanming Palace Academician.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entries give the Longxing appointment, later prefectures, retirement in Chunyou 2, death in the sixth month, and age seventy-nine.
  14. [14] Ancestors and in-laws Cheng Lingxi was a direct ancestor, Wang Huai was Cheng Bi's wife's grandfather, and Cheng Ziming was his brother.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The kinship entries identify Cheng Lingxi, Wang Huai, and Cheng Ziming, specify the relationships, and give Wang Huai's 1126–1189 dates.
  15. [15] Nephews His nephews included Cheng Ruoyan, Cheng Ruochou, Cheng Ruyong, and Cheng Dexiu, who died in 1274.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The kinship entries identify all four as nephews and give Cheng Dexiu's death year as 1274.
  16. [16] Sons The kinship data lists Cheng Hai as a son and Cheng Zhu as the sixth son, with Cheng Zhu's dates given as 1214–1279.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The kinship entries list Cheng Hai as a son and Cheng Zhu as the sixth son, with dates 1214–1279.
  17. [17] Grandsons The kinship data lists seven grandsons: Cheng Qiyuan, Cheng Qifu, Cheng Qihou, Cheng Qiren, Cheng Qishu, Cheng Qiqing, and Cheng Qishen.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The kinship entries list Cheng Qiyuan, Cheng Qifu, Cheng Qihou, Cheng Qiren, Cheng Qishu, Cheng Qiqing, and Cheng Qishen as grandsons.
  18. [18] Teaching and Shu Hui While Cheng Bi was at home, Shu Hui studied with him; Shu subsequently abandoned the examination career and devoted himself to charitable relief in his community.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The association note states that Shu Hui studied with Cheng Bi while he was at home, then abandoned the examination career and devoted himself to charitable aid in the community.Taken from the source record as captured
  19. [19] Mingshui Collection and drafts The sixty-fascicle Mingshui Collection was later lost and was engraved in a twenty-six-fascicle edition in the thirty-fifth year of the Ming Jiajing era; the Inner and Outer Prose Drafts had ten and twenty fascicles respectively.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The works list gives the sixty-fascicle Mingshui Collection and the ten- and twenty-fascicle Inner and Outer Prose Drafts.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical entries state that the sixty-fascicle collection was lost, that Cheng Yuanbing engraved a twenty-six-fascicle edition in Ming Jiajing 35, and give the two draft collections' lengths.
  20. [20] Additional titles Additional associated titles are 洺水先生文集, 眳水小集, and 眳水詞.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The works list contains the three additional titles 《洺水先生文集》, 《眳水小集》, and 《眳水詞》.
  21. [21] Individual works and genres Individual titles show postscripts, letters, and commemorative records, including a biography associated with the Mingshui Collection.
    • CBDBCheng Bi (10755)The titles include postscripts, letters, a local school record, and 程公行狀, with several explicitly associated with 洺水集.Taken from the source record as captured
  22. [22] Assessment A biographical assessment characterizes him as maintaining his principles in office and possessing a pure moral character.
    • Souyun程珌 (30777)The biographical text summarizes him with the phrase 立朝有守，風義淳然.