Cao Xun

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was the son of Cao Zu and Wang; his great-grandfather was Cao Fangshu and his grandfather Cao Zhiqi. His wife was a Wang, and his second son was Cao Si (1137–1197).[2]

Through his father's hereditary privilege, he received appointment as Chengxin lang. In the fifth year of Xuanhe (1123), he was specially summoned to the metropolitan examination and awarded a first-grade jinshi distinction; another account gives tong jinshi chushen. He remained a military official. His examination and appointment classifications also include jinshi, yinbu, and wuju jinshi.[3]

At the beginning of Jingkang, he served as Hemen Xuanzan Sheren and was also associated with the administration of Longde Palace; he was appointed Wuyi dafu. When Huizong was taken north, Xun accompanied him to Yanshan and, under a secret order, traveled covertly to Prince Kang.[4]

In the first year of Jianyan (1127), he reached Nanjing, presented Huizong’s written message on an imperial robe, and proposed sending volunteers by sea into Jin territory to bring Huizong back. The chief ministers rejected the proposal; he was sent to an external post and went nine years without promotion.[5]

In the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141), he served as deputy envoy with Liu Guangyuan to Jin, turned back en route, and then served as an assistant for receiving envoys. Soon afterward he went to Jin as a deputy envoy on a mission of thanks, called baoxie and elsewhere chengxie; in the twelfth year he secured permission for Huizong’s coffin and the empress dowager to return. In the thirteenth year he concurrently became Deputy Director of the Privy Council Secretariat; in the fifteenth he was assigned to fengci. In the twenty-fifth year he was appointed to know the Hemen affairs and concurrently manage the Imperial City Office; in the twenty-ninth he again served as a chengxie deputy envoy to Jin, and in the thirtieth he was appointed to supervise Wanshou Abbey. He was also promoted to Baoxin Army chengxuan shi and became Zhaoxin Army jiedushi in the twenty-ninth year.[6]

Under Xiaozong, he was granted the titles Taiwei and Kaifu Yitong Sansi; in 1171, the seventh year of Qiandao, he was appointed to supervise the Imperial City Office. He died in 1174, the first year of Chunxi, aged over seventy—one account says seventy-seven—and received the posthumous title Zhongjing.[7]

Works

His works include “Beishou jianwen lu,” “Songyin ji,” and “Songyin wenji.” His second son, Cao Si, compiled the posthumous writings as “Songyin ji”; the Song History bibliography lists forty juan. “Songyin wenji” and “Beishou jianwen lu” are both described as extant.[8]

The textual transmission of “Songyin wenji” is complex. An old printed edition serves as the base text, collated against an old manuscript and the Wenyuange edition of the “Siku quanshu.” The Siku copy is often incomplete, and most of the original juan 14 is lost; juan 14 of the manuscript differs entirely from the base text. The editors therefore recast manuscript juan 14 as juan 24 and appended newly collected poems outside the collection.[9]

Literary and social connections

In literary contexts, he wrote a preface for a book by Shi Huizhen and an epitaph for Wu Yi, and wrote postscripts to works by Zhang Xiaoxiang, Mi Fu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Chen Guan, Zhu Shengfei, and Zhao Shen.[10]

His other activities included a postscript to Mi Fu’s calligraphy and paintings, a portrait encomium for Zhao Gou, and memorial texts for Zhao Ji and Zheng Qiao.[11]

Xun exchanged letters with the Chan master Zonggao; he was acquainted with Shi Yisheng and wrote inscriptions or poems for buildings associated with him. Xing, empress of Gaozong, also entrusted him with conveying her wishes to the Jin.[12]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1232 節度使

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
節度使12321234Era unknown昭信軍節度
Year unknown9
OfficeEraPosting
右承議郎Era unknownUnknown
太尉紹興Unknown
奉使大金報謝副使Era unknownUnknown
承信郎政和Unknown
提舉皇城司Era unknownUnknown
某州觀察使Era unknown容州
武義大夫靖康Unknown
秘書省校書郎Era unknownUnknown
觀察使Era unknown容州

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖曹方叔–
祖父曹之器–
父曹組–
母王氏(曹組妻)–
妻子王氏(曹勛妻)–
次子曹耜1137–1197

AliasesCBDB

  • 公顯 字
  • 功顯 字
  • 忠靖 諡號
  • 松隱 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • [武官]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
釋惠真為釋惠真所著書作序–
樓鑰書序由樓鑰所作–
吳益為吳益作墓誌銘–
吳蓋為吳蓋作墓誌銘–
董仲永為董仲永作墓誌銘–
楊良孺為楊良孺作墓誌銘–
鄭景純為鄭景純作墓誌銘–
釋道仙為釋道仙作墓誌銘–
釋道昌為釋道昌作墓誌銘–
釋圓智為釋圓智作墓誌銘–
張孝祥為張孝祥所著書作跋–
張孝祥為張孝祥所著書作跋–
毛滂為毛滂所著書作跋–
米芾為米芾所著書作跋–
蘇軾為蘇軾所著書作跋–
黃庭堅為黃庭堅所著書作跋–
黃庭堅為黃庭堅所著書作跋–
陳瓘為陳瓘所著書作跋–
朱勝非為朱勝非所著書作跋–
趙眘為趙眘所著書作跋–
施宜生相識–
趙佶為趙佶作祭文–
鄭樵為鄭樵作祭文1157–
米芾為米芾之書、畫作跋–
釋遵式為釋遵式作佛寺記–
釋杲為釋杲作佛寺記–
釋聞為釋聞作佛寺記–
釋了居為釋了居作佛寺記–
釋了居為釋了居作佛寺記–
釋文剛為釋文剛作佛寺記–
釋師玉為釋師玉作佛寺記–
釋智卿為釋智卿作佛寺記–
釋智曇為釋智曇作佛寺記–
釋道容為釋道容作佛寺記–
趙構為趙構作畫贊(畫像記)–
釋宗杲致書釋宗杲–
釋宗杲收到釋宗杲的答書–
吳表臣為吳表臣之建築物題詠、記、命名–
胡昉為胡昉之建築物題詠、記、命名–
胡昉為胡昉之建築物題詠、記、命名–
施沆為施沆之建築物題詠、記、命名–
施宜生為施宜生之建築物題詠、記、命名–
毛滂為毛滂之詩文作跋–
邢氏(趙構皇后)為友人提供幫助–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)
恩蔭、蔭補(籠統)
科舉: 武舉進士

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
北狩見聞錄
松隱文集
松隱集(曹勛)

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and origin The sources give Cao Xun's variant birth years as 1096 and 1098, his death year as 1174, and his names, Yangzhai origin, military service, diplomatic missions, and literary activity.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB supplies Cao Xun's names, 1098 birth year, 1174 death year, Song and military status, courtesy names, sobriquet, and Yangzhai origin.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographies give the 1098–1174 lifespan, names and Yangzhai origin, and describe his military, diplomatic, and literary activities.
    • WikidataCao Xun (Q11090974)Wikidata identifies Cao Xun as a Song-dynasty person, supplies English aliases, and gives date values of 1096 and 1174.
  2. [2] Family The family relationships name Cao Zu, Wang, Cao Fangshu, Cao Zhiqi, Cao Si, and Cao Xun's wife, with Cao Si's dates.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB lists the great-grandfather Cao Fangshu, grandfather Cao Zhiqi, father Cao Zu, mother Wang, wife Wang, and second son Cao Si, with Cao Si's dates.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographical entry explicitly calls Cao Xun the son of Cao Zu.
    • WikidataCao Xun (Q11090974)Wikidata links items for his father, mother, spouse, and child.
  3. [3] Examination and hereditary appointment The sources describe hereditary appointment through his father, the 1123 examination with variant distinctions, military status, and the jinshi, yinbu, and military jinshi categories.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB lists Chengxin lang and military status, together with jinshi, hereditary appointment, and military jinshi categories.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographies describe the hereditary appointment, the 1123 examination, and the variant formulations of first-grade jinshi, tong jinshi chushen, and a special summons to the examination.
  4. [4] Jingkang service The Jingkang biography gives his offices, northern transfer with Huizong, stay at Yanshan, and secret journey to Prince Kang.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The titles and biographies give the Jingkang appointments, Huizong's northern transfer, Yanshan, and the secret journey to Prince Kang.
  5. [5] Jianyan proposal The biographies describe his 1127 arrival in Nanjing, presentation of Huizong's message, maritime proposal, rejection, external appointment, and nine years without promotion.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographies describe the Jianyan 1 arrival in Nanjing, the robe message, the proposal to send volunteers by sea, its rejection, and nine years without promotion.
  6. [6] Shaoxing missions and appointments The Shaoxing chronology records repeated missions to Jin, the request for Huizong's coffin and the empress dowager to return, successive appointments, and the baoxie/chengxie variant.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB lists the Zhaoxin Army military-governor title, the Jin gratitude mission, and supervision of the Imperial City Office.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographies provide the detailed Shaoxing chronology, return request, successive appointments, and the baoxie/chengxie variant.
  7. [7] Late career and death The sources record Xiaozong-era promotions, the 1171 appointment, the 1174 death, variant ages, and the posthumous title Zhongjing.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB lists Taiwei, supervision of the Imperial City Office, the 1174 death year, and Zhongjing as the posthumous title.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The titles and biographies describe the Xiaozong promotions, Qiandao 7 appointment, 1174 death, two age formulations, and Zhongjing.
    • WikidataCao Xun (Q11090974)Wikidata gives the 1174 date value and the Zhongjing name.
  8. [8] Works and compilation The sources name three works, identify Cao Si as compiler of Songyin ji, give the forty-juan bibliography entry, and describe two works as extant.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB lists the three works and identifies Cao Si as Cao Xun's second son.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The biographies name the works, state that Cao Si compiled Songyin ji, give the forty-juan entry, and describe Songyin wenji and Beishou jianwen lu as extant.
  9. [9] Textual transmission The textual note describes the base edition, variant witnesses, losses, and reassignment of juan 14.
    • Souyun曹勛 (27379)The textual note explains the base edition, collation witnesses, incomplete Siku copy, loss and divergence of juan 14, its reassignment as juan 24, and appended poems.
  10. [10] Prefaces, postscripts, and epitaphs CBDB records the preface for Shi Huizhen, epitaph for Wu Yi, and postscripts for works by the seven named figures.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB records the preface for Shi Huizhen, epitaph for Wu Yi, and postscripts for works by Zhang Xiaoxiang, Mi Fu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Chen Guan, Zhu Shengfei, and Zhao Shen.
  11. [11] Additional literary relations CBDB records the calligraphy-and-painting postscript for Mi Fu, portrait encomium for Zhao Gou, and memorial texts for Zhao Ji and Zheng Qiao.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB records the calligraphy-and-painting postscript, portrait encomium, and memorial texts.
  12. [12] Letters and other connections The associations record letters with Zonggao, acquaintance with Shi Yisheng and writing for buildings linked to him, and a message conveyed for Xing, empress of Gaozong.
    • CBDBCao Xun (15269)CBDB records letters exchanged with Zonggao, acquaintance and building-related writing involving Shi Yisheng, and a note that Xing asked Cao Xun to convey a message to the Jin.