Qu Dajun

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was a government school student in the late Ming. As a young man he studied under Chen Bangyan; when the Ming fell and Chen raised troops, Qu joined the army and commanded a unit of his own, and after Chen died as a martyr to the Ming cause Qu gave up his student status. Early in the Yongli reign he went to the court at Zhaoqing and submitted the Zhongxing liu dadian shu; he was to be given a post in the palace secretariat, but hurried home when his father fell ill.[5]

In the early Qing he took part in anti-Qing activities together with Wei Geng and others. In the winter of 1650, the seventh year of Shunzhi, he shaved his head and became a monk under Hanshi at Leifeng in Panyu, taking the dharma name Jinzhong and the courtesy name Yiling while continuing to work secretly against the Qing; when this was discovered he returned to lay dress and fled beyond the passes. In middle age he resumed Confucian dress and his original name, remaining a Ming loyalist to the end of his life.[6]

In the autumn of 1657, the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, he crossed the mountains and travelled north, returning to Panyu only in 1662, the first year of Kangxi; he went north again in 1665. His travels took him through Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the northern provinces.[7] In 1673, when Wu Sangui rose against the Qing, Qu moved between the armies of Chu and Yue, but withdrew from the affair when he saw that the cause would fail.[8] In 1679 he took his mother to Jiangnan for safety and, intending to settle in Jiangxi, entered the Cuiwei mountains, where he studied with the scholars of the Yitang group; he returned to Guangdong in the autumn of 1680. In his last years he lived in Guangzhou, devoting himself to writing. He died in 1696, the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi, aged sixty-seven, and was buried at Shating in Panyu. Biographies of him appear in juan 484 of the Qingshi gao and juan 1 of Chen Botao's Shengchao yuedong yimin lu.[9]

His great-granduncle was Qu Qipeng; his father-in-law was Wang Zhuangyou; his wives were Chen Huajiang (1630–1691) and Wang Huajiang; his son was Qu Minghong, and his grandson was Qu Zikui.[10] Among his friends were Chen Gongyin, Zhu Yizun, Wang Hongzhuan, Li Yindu and Huang Sheng, and he and Chen Gongyin were fellow students.[11]

Poetry

Qu Dajun was a skilled poet, ranked with Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan as the Three Great Masters of Lingnan; among the loyalists of the early Qing he is placed alongside Gu Yanwu and Wu Jiaji.[12] Contemporaries said that his talent was unmatched, and that, having travelled the frontier garrisons and befriended extraordinary men throughout the empire, he wrote poetry on whatever moved him with a spirit that acknowledged no equal; his seven-character regulated verse was lofty and unadorned, while his five-character regulated verse was like red clouds at the edge of the sky or a white crane among the clouds, hard to approach.[13]

Works

His works include the Wengshan shiwai, Wengshan wenwai, Wengshan wenchao, Wengshan yiwai, Guangdong xinyu, Daoyuantang ji, Sichao chengren lu and Anlong yishi; his ci collection is entitled Saoxie, also known as Daoyuantang ci. Modern editors have compiled the Complete Works of Qu Dajun. Many of his books were banned in the Qianlong period.[14]

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾伯叔祖;從曾祖屈起鵬–
岳父王壯猷–
妻子陳崋姜1630–1691
妻子王華姜–
子屈明洪–
孫屈自睽–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一靈 字
  • 一靈道人 室名、別號
  • 二史草堂 室名、別號
  • 介子 字
  • 八泉翁 室名、別號
  • 冷君 字
  • 南海遺民 室名、別號
  • 四百三十二峰草堂 室名、別號
  • 屈沱 室名、別號
  • 屈紹隆 别名、曾用名
  • 屈邵龍 别名、曾用名
  • 忠養堂 室名、別號
  • 死庵 室名、別號
  • 泠君 字
  • 祖香園 室名、別號
  • 羅浮山人 室名、別號
  • 羅浮布衣 室名、別號
  • 羅浮道士 室名、別號
  • 翁山 字
  • 菜圃 室名、別號
  • 華夫 室名、別號
  • 萊圃 室名、別號
  • 道援堂 室名、別號
  • 邵非池 未詳
  • 釋今種 未詳
  • 非池 室名、別號
  • 騷余 室名、別號
  • 騷聖堂 室名、別號
  • 騷餘 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 士人

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
陳恭尹友–
朱彝尊友–
王宏撰友–
李因篤友–
黃生友–
陳邦彥為陳邦彥之學生–
釋函昰為釋函昰之學生–
陳恭尹同學、同門–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
先聖廟林記
九歌草堂集
今文箋
今詩箋
十八代詩選
哭亭林處士
四書補注兼考
四朝成仁錄
四松阡表
大都宮詞
安龍逸史:二卷
寅卯軍中集
屈翁山外集:十八卷
屈翁山詩集:八卷
嶺南詩略
嶺南詩選
嶺南詩鈔
廣東叢書
廣東文選
廣東新語:二十六卷
感事
揚州感舊
擂茶歌
歸儒說
永曆遺臣錄
登華山記
禿頌
繼室黎孺人行略
翁山文外:十四卷
翁山易外
翁山詩鈔
舊京感懷
華岳百韻
藏髮塚銘
藏髮賦
詩外:十七卷
詩略(屈大均)
論語高士傳
遊雨花臺衣冠塚誌
道援堂詩集
鄧先生壽序
長髮乞人贊
閭書
騷屑詞:二卷
書葉氏女事一卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name and dates His name, birth and death years, and his identity as a scholar and poet of the late Ming and early Qing.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB gives his name as Qu Dajun, with 1630 as his birth year and 1696 as his death year.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The record lists his name as 屈大均, his birth and death years as 1630 and 1696, and his period as 'late Ming and early Qing'; the biographical dictionaries it cites also describe him as a skilled poet.
    • WikidataQu Dajun (Q11042295)Wikidata gives his primary label as 屈大均, describes him as a famous scholar of the late Ming and early Qing and one of the Three Great Masters of Lingnan, and records 1630 and 1696 as his birth and death years.
  2. [2] Names His original name Qu Shaolong and his other names Jiezi, Wengshan, Lingjun, Huafu and Saoyu; the sources differ slightly on whether Wengshan is a courtesy name or a sobriquet.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB lists 屈紹隆 and 屈邵龍 as alternative or earlier names, 介子, 翁山 and 泠君 (also written 冷君) as courtesy names, and 華夫 and 騷餘 as sobriquets.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The cited biographies give his original name as 紹隆 (in one source 紹龍), the courtesy names Jiezi and Wengshan, and the sobriquets Lingjun, Huafu and Saoyu; one of them treats Wengshan as a sobriquet rather than a courtesy name.
    • WikidataQu Dajun (Q11042295)Wikidata records Jiezi, Wengshan, Lingjun and Lengjun as courtesy names, Huafu and Saoyu as sobriquets, and 屈紹隆 and 邵龍 as other names.
  3. [3] Native place Panyu in Guangdong as his place of origin.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB records his place of origin as Panyu (番禺).
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The record gives his native place as Panyu, Guangdong, as do the biographies it cites.
  4. [4] Studio and art names His many studio and art names, among them Luofu shanren, Luofu buyi, Luofu daoshi, Nanhai yimin, Baquanweng, Caipu, Laipu, Feichi, Quduo, Daoyuantang, Si'an, Ershi caotang, Zhongyang tang, Zuxiang yuan, Saosheng tang, Sibai sanshi'er feng caotang and Yiling daoren.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB lists his studio and art names as 羅浮山人, 羅浮布衣, 羅浮道士, 南海遺民, 八泉翁, 菜圃, 萊圃, 非池, 屈沱, 道援堂, 死庵, 二史草堂, 忠養堂, 祖香園, 騷聖堂, 四百三十二峰草堂 and 一靈道人.
    • WikidataQu Dajun (Q11042295)Wikidata also records 四百三十二峰草堂, 羅浮布衣, 二史草堂, 騷聖堂, 羅浮道士, 南海遺民, 羅浮山人, 八泉翁, 萊圃, 一靈道人, 祖香園, 忠養堂, 屈沱, 道援堂, 死庵, 菜圃 and 非池 as names he bore.
  5. [5] Student, teacher and early resistance His status as a government student in the late Ming, his study under Chen Bangyan, his joining Chen's troops when the Ming fell and taking command of a unit, his abandonment of student status after Chen's martyrdom, and his early Yongli journey to the Zhaoqing court with the Zhongxing liu dadian shu.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB records his school status as a government student (生員, also called 庠生) and notes that he was a student of Chen Bangyan (陳邦彥).
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)One biography says he was a student (諸生) in the late Ming; the Quanyue shi says he studied under 陳邦彥 as a youth, joined the army and commanded a unit of his own when the Ming fell, gave up his student status after 陳邦彥 died a martyr, and went to the Zhaoqing court early in the Yongli reign with the memorial Zhongxing liu dadian shu, leaving a proffered palace secretariat post because of his father's illness; another source says he resisted the Qing with his teacher as a youth and was to be given office by the Yongli emperor but returned home when his father fell ill.
  6. [6] Monk and loyalist His anti-Qing activity with Wei Geng and others, his becoming a monk in 1650 under Hanshi with the dharma name Jinzhong and the name Yiling, his continued secret resistance, his flight beyond the passes after discovery, and his later return to Confucian dress and loyalist life.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB records 釋函昰 as his teacher and lists 釋今種 and 一靈 among his names.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The biographies say that in the early Qing he engaged in anti-Qing activity with Wei Geng and others, became a monk with the dharma name Jinzhong and the name Yiling, kept working secretly against the Qing, and after discovery resumed lay dress and fled beyond the passes; in middle age he returned to Confucian dress and his original name and remained a Ming loyalist to the end.
  7. [7] Northern travels His northern travels from 1657, his return to Panyu in 1662, his renewed journey north in 1665, and the range of his travels through Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the northern provinces.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The Quanyue shi records that in the autumn of Shunzhi 14 he crossed the mountains and travelled north, returning to Panyu in Kangxi 1 and going north again in Kangxi 4; another biography states that his travels covered Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the northern provinces.
  8. [8] Wu Sangui's revolt His movements between the armies of Chu and Yue during Wu Sangui's revolt, and his withdrawal from the affair.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The Quanyue shi records that when Wu Sangui rose against the Qing in Kangxi 12 he moved between the armies in Chu and Yue and, seeing that the cause would fail, withdrew from the affair.
  9. [9] Later years and death His taking his mother to Jiangnan in 1679, his stay in the Cuiwei mountains with the Yitang group, his return to Guangdong in 1680, his last years in Guangzhou, his death in 1696 and burial at Shating, and the biographies of him in the Qingshi gao and the Shengchao yuedong yimin lu.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The Quanyue shi records that in Kangxi 18 he took his mother to Jiangnan, wished to settle in Jiangxi and entered the Cuiwei mountains to study with the Yitang group, returning to Guangdong in the autumn of Kangxi 19; that he spent his last years in Guangzhou devoted to writing; that he died in Kangxi 35 at the age of sixty-seven and was buried at Shating in Panyu; and that biographies of him appear in juan 484 of the Qingshi gao and juan 1 of Chen Botao's Shengchao yuedong yimin lu.
  10. [10] Family His family: great-granduncle Qu Qipeng, father-in-law Wang Zhuangyou, wives Chen Huajiang and Wang Huajiang, son Qu Minghong and grandson Qu Zikui.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB records his great-granduncle as Qu Qipeng, his father-in-law as Wang Zhuangyou, his wives as Chen Huajiang (1630–1691) and Wang Huajiang, his son as Qu Minghong and his grandson as Qu Zikui.
  11. [11] Associates His friendships with Chen Gongyin, Zhu Yizun, Wang Hongzhuan, Li Yindu and Huang Sheng, and his fellow-student relationship with Chen Gongyin.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB lists Chen Gongyin, Zhu Yizun, Wang Hongzhuan, Li Yindu and Huang Sheng as his friends and records that he and Chen Gongyin were fellow students.
  12. [12] Poetic standing His standing as a poet alongside Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan as the Three Great Masters of Lingnan, and his place beside Gu Yanwu and Wu Jiaji among early Qing loyalist poets.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)One biography ranks his poetry with that of Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan as the three masters of Lingnan; another says he was skilled in poetry, was ranked with Chen Gongyin and Liang Peilan as the Three Great Masters of Lingnan, and stood with Gu Yanwu and Wu Jiaji among the loyalists of the early Qing.
    • WikidataQu Dajun (Q11042295)Wikidata describes him as a famous scholar of the late Ming and early Qing and one of the Three Great Masters of Lingnan.
  13. [13] Critical assessment The assessment of his poetry by contemporaries: unmatched talent, travels on the frontier, friendships with remarkable men, an unrivalled spirit, and the character of his regulated verse in seven and five characters.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The Qing shi bie cai ji says that Wengshan's talent was unmatched, that he travelled the frontier regions and befriended extraordinary men, and that his poetry therefore carried a spirit that brooked no equal; his seven-character regulated verse was lofty and unadorned, and his five-character regulated verse was like red clouds at the edge of the sky or a white crane among the clouds, hard to approach.
  14. [14] Works His works, including the poetry and prose collections, Guangdong xinyu, the Daoyuantang collection, the records of Ming loyalists and the Anlong history; his ci collection Saoxie; the modern Complete Works; and the Qianlong-era bans on his books.
    • CBDBQu Dajun (30190)CBDB lists his works as 詩外 (17 juan), 翁山文外 (14 juan), 翁山易外, 廣東新語 (26 juan), 道援堂詩集, 四朝成仁錄, 安龍逸史 (2 juan) and 騷屑詞 (2 juan), among others.
    • Souyun屈大均 (56469)The cited sources record 翁山文外 and 翁山詩外, 廣東新語, 四朝成仁錄 (all banned in the Qianlong reign), 道援堂集, 翁山文鈔 and 翁山易外; they note that his ci collection is entitled 騷屑, also known as 道援堂詞, and that modern editors have compiled the Complete Works of Qu Dajun.