[5]Sobriquets and posthumous nameHis sobriquets were Chaihe and Qingdu Sanke, and his posthumous name was Zhongyi.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The alternate-name entries give Chaihe, Qingdousanke, and Zhongyi, and identify the relevant sobriquet and posthumous-name categories.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passages give Chaihe and Qingdu Sanke as sobriquets and Zhongyi as the posthumous name.
[6]Other namesThe name Yigao and the birth-order designation Yi are also recorded.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The profile includes Yigao among his alternate names.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The alternate-name entry gives Yi and classifies it as a birth-order designation.
[7]HometownHe came from Gaoyi County in Zhili, in present-day Hebei.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The address entries identify Gaoyi as his registered native place and household registration.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The profile and biographical passages identify him as a native of Zhili Gaoyi County, now in Hebei.
[8]ExaminationsHe ranked seventy-first in the 1570 Shuntian provincial examination and passed the 1574 Jiaxu jinshi examination in the third class, 177th place.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The examination entries give the third-class 177th place and the provincial examination rank 71.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passages give the 1570 Shuntian examination and the 1574 Jiaxu jinshi degree.
[9]FamilyThe family record names his great-grandfather, grandfather, father, mother, two younger brothers, and wife.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The family entries name Zhao Cunli, Zhao Zemin, Zhao Rubi, Lady Hou, Zhao Nandou, Zhao Nanming, and Lady Feng, together with their relationships to Nanxing.
[10]First appointmentHe was first appointed judicial assistant in Runing Prefecture, where his administration was regarded as upright and even-handed.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The office entry gives the Runing Prefecture judicial post and its location.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passage gives the Runing appointment and describes his administration as upright and even-handed.
[11]Ministry of Revenue appointmentHe later became a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The profile and biographical passages list his appointment as a Ministry of Revenue secretary.
[12]Ministry of Personnel careerHe moved through the Office of Evaluation and the Office of Selection, later returning as director of the Office of Evaluation.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The office entries list the Office of Evaluation secretary, the assistant director in the Office of Selection, and the director in the Office of Evaluation.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passages describe his move to the Office of Evaluation, service in the Office of Selection, and later recall as director of Evaluation.
[13]Memorial and illnessHis memorial identified four major abuses, offended powerful ministers, nearly brought punishment, and was followed by a return home because of illness.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biography gives the four abuses, the offence to the powerful minister, the danger of punishment, and his return because of illness.
[14]Metropolitan review and divergent accountIn 1593 he presided over the metropolitan review and powerful officials' private nominees were almost entirely removed; one account says he was removed by edict, while another says he was demoted to judge of Pingding.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passages differ between removal by a severe edict and demotion to judge of Pingding; the date annotation identifies the twenty-first Wanli year as 1593.
[15]Reputation and Donglin associationAfter returning home, his reputation rose; he was grouped with Zou Yuanbiao and Gu Xiancheng as the Three Donglin Leaders, while many memorials seeking his recall were unsuccessful.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies describe his increased reputation, association with Zou Yuanbiao and Gu Xiancheng, and the unsuccessful petitions for his recall.
[16]Return to officeAfter the Guangzong Emperor's accession, he was recalled as Taichang Shaoqing, though another account gives Taichang Qing, and then became Left Censor-in-Chief and Minister of Personnel.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies give both Taichang Shaoqing and Taichang Qing, followed by Left Censor-in-Chief and Minister of Personnel.
[17]Work as Minister of PersonnelAs Minister of Personnel, he pursued administrative reform, resisted requests from the government and palace eunuchs, appointed upright men, and was associated with expectations of good government.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies describe his determination to order the realm, cleanse administration, reject requests, appoint upright men, and inspire hopes of good government.
[18]Wei ZhongxianWei Zhongxian initially valued Nanxing but became hostile after failed attempts to win him over; Nanxing rejected the approach and admonished him.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies describe Wei Zhongxian's initial regard, the failed attempt at rapprochement, and Nanxing's admonition.
[19]Wei GuangweiWei Guangwei, the son of an old friend, was refused three times and then joined Wei Zhongxian in opposing Nanxing.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies state that Wei Guangwei was an old friend's son, was refused three visits, and thereafter joined Wei Zhongxian against Nanxing.
[20]Recommendation and impeachmentNanxing supported Xie Yingxiang for Shanxi, but the recommendation was obstructed and he was impeached; Zhang Na then accused him because Zhang Pu had not received the post.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passage gives the recommendation of Xie Yingxiang, Wei Guangwei's obstruction, Chen Jiuchou's impeachment, and Zhang Na's accusation connected with Zhang Pu.
[21]Faction charge and exileThe Xizong Emperor's faction charge led to Nanxing's forced resignation; he was then falsely accused of embezzlement, stripped of registration, and exiled to Daizhou.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographies give the faction charge, forced request for leave, accusation involving 15,000 liang, loss of registration, and exile at Daizhou.
[22]Death at DaizhouNanxing was poor, was released with help from relatives and friends, remained in exile at Daizhou, and died there.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biography describes his poverty, the contributions that secured his release, and his continued exile and death at Daizhou.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The address entry identifies Daizhou as his place of death.
[23]Death-date divergenceThe death year is given as either 1627 or 23 January 1628.
[24]Rehabilitation and posthumous honorsEarly in the Chongzhen reign, Nanxing was rehabilitated, granted the rank of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and given the posthumous name Zhongyi.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The biographical passages give early Chongzhen rehabilitation, the posthumous rank of Taizi Taibao, and the name Zhongyi.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The alternate-name entry confirms Zhongyi as the posthumous name.
[25]Early worksNanxing was a literary figure whose works included Shiyun and Xueyong zhengshuo.
Souyun趙南星 (51311)The profile identifies him as a literary figure, and the biographical passage lists Shiyun and Xueyong zhengshuo.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The status and work entries identify him as a writer and list Xueyong zhengshuo as a work attributed to him.
[26]Other worksThe work entries attribute six additional works to Nanxing and give their juan counts.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The work entries attribute the six listed titles to Nanxing and give their respective juan counts.
[27]Collected editionA related collected edition is Zhao Zhongyi gong wenji in twenty-four juan.
CBDBZhao Nanxing (132172)The work list includes Zhao Zhongyi gong wenji in twenty-four juan.