Life
A t a young age he studied under Chen Xianzhang.[7] H e passed the Guangdong provincial examination in 1492[8] i n 1505 he earned the jinshi degree in the Yichou examination[9] a nd placed third in the second class[10] H e was selected as a shujishi and appointed a compiler.[11]
W hile at the Hanlin Academy, he lectured at the same time as Wang Shouren[12] h e also exchanged views with Lü Nan and was soon sent as an envoy to Annam[13] D uring the Zhengde era, his mother died, and he returned home in mourning, guarding her tomb for three years. After the mourning period ended, he settled at Xiqiao Mountain, built a lecture lodge, and required students to learn ritual before they could take their seats at his lectures.[14]
A t the beginning of the Jiajing era, he entered the court and was promoted to a reader of the Hanlin Academy; he also served as Vice Minister of Rites.[15] I n Jiajing 3 he became Nanjing Director of the Imperial College, in year 7 Nanjing Vice Minister of Personnel, in year 12 Nanjing Minister of Rites, in year 15 Nanjing Minister of Personnel, and in year 18 Nanjing Minister of War[16] a fter which he retired and returned home[17] H is other titles included lecturer at the imperial lectures, supervisor of the compilation of the national history, and Tongyi dafu[18]
Thought and teaching
H is learning took “recognizing Heaven’s Principle wherever one is” as its guiding principle. He advocated advancing knowledge and action together, rejected “knowledge first, action later,” and differed in this respect from Wang Shouren’s teaching.[19] H is learning occupied a leading position in the Lingnan school.[20]
H e later held lectures at Xiqiao Mountain; more than 3,000 people followed him over the years[21] a nd he founded Ganquan Hermitage[22]
Later life
A fter retirement he lectured at Tianguan (天關). He died in 1560 at Yushan Hermitage in Panyu; the date is disputed, being given as either May 16 or May 26.[23] H e was later reburied at Tiancan Ridge in Zengcheng.[24]
H e was posthumously granted the rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent; his posthumous name is given as Wenjian (文簡), but another form is Wenzhuang (文莊).[25]
Family
H is great-grandfather was 湛汪, his grandfather 湛江, his father 湛瑛, and his mother Chen-shi (陳氏).[26] H is elder brothers were 湛禎祥, 湛孟新, 湛昇, 湛仲良, 湛釗, 湛子成, and 湛祖冕; his younger brothers were 湛公, 湛成, and 湛欽.[27] H is wife was Yuan-shi (袁氏).[28]
Works
H is writings include 泉翁大全集, in 85 juan, and 甘泉先生續編大全, in 33 juan.[29]
O ther major classical works include 格物通, in 100 juan, 聖學格物通, in 100 juan, and 春秋正傳, in 37 juan.[30] 二 禮經傳測 is listed as a work of 68 juan, while the title 三禮經傳測 is also found.[31] H is other works include 新論, 甘泉新論, 甘泉問辨, 心性圖說, 心性書, 遵道錄, 樵語, 古小學, 四書測, and 五經測.[32] H is poetry and prose collection 甘泉集 comprises 32 juan.[33]
Wikidata 湛若水
人物
tsinghua:01-00000260-XNames Preferred name 湛若水 ◆ Manual Souyun Foreign name Zhan Ruoshui CBDB Alias 一 CBDB Courtesy name、Alias 元明 CBDB Souyun Wikidata Courtesy name、Alias 元易 CBDB Wikidata Art name、Alias 增城先生 CBDB Wikidata Alias 文簡 CBDB Alias 民澤 CBDB Art name、Alias 甘泉 CBDB DILA Buddhist Authority Database Souyun Art name、Alias 甘泉先生 CBDB Souyun Wikidata Alias 湛元明 DILA Buddhist Authority Database Art name 甘泉子 Souyun Courtesy name 原明 Souyun Alias 文简 Souyun Alias 文庄 Souyun Alias 露 Souyun Courtesy name 民泽 Souyun Alias 雨 Souyun Alias 若水 Souyun Art name 默翁 Souyun Alias ganquan Xiansheng Wikidata Alias Yuanyi Wikidata Alias Zengcheng Xiansheng Wikidata Alias ganquan Wikidata Alias Wenjian Wikidata Alias Yuanming Wikidata Basic information Name 湛若水 Birth 1466 Death 1560 Period 明 Sex 男 Ontology properties 生年 1466 卒年 1560 性别 male Source identifiers Office records Year unknown11 Office Era Posting 兵部尚書 嘉靖 南京 吏部右侍郎 嘉靖 南京 吏部尚書 嘉靖 南京 國史監修官 Era unknown Unknown 國子祭酒 Era unknown Unknown 祭酒 嘉靖 南京 禮部尚書 嘉靖 南京 禮部左侍郎 Era unknown Unknown 經筵講官 Era unknown Unknown 翰林院侍讀學士 Era unknown Unknown 通議大夫 Era unknown Unknown
Family Relation Name Life 曾祖 湛汪 – 祖父 湛江 – 父 湛瑛 – 母 陳氏(湛若水母) – 兄 湛禎祥 – 兄 湛孟新 – 兄 湛昇 – 兄 湛仲良 – 兄 湛釗 – 兄 湛子成 – 兄 湛祖冕 – 弟 湛公 – 弟 湛成 – 弟 湛欽 – 妻子 袁氏(湛若水妻) –
Aliases 一 行第 元明 字 元易 字 增城先生 室名、別號 文簡 諡號 民澤 别名、曾用名 甘泉 室名、別號 甘泉先生 室名、別號 Status
Associations Person Relation Years 王守仁 友 – 方獻夫 友 – 嚴嵩 同年友 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章之門人 – 章懋 為章懋之學生 – 黃省曾 學生為黃省曾 – 臧應奎 學生為臧應奎 – 洪垣 學生為洪垣 – 呂懷 學生為呂懷 – 何遷 學生為何遷 – 吳林 學生為吳林 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章所著書作序 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章所著書作序 – 王守仁 為王守仁所著書作序 – 丘濬 為丘濬所著書作序 – 朱英 為朱英所著書作序 – 莊昶 為莊昶所著書作序 – 劉瑞 為劉瑞所著書作序 – 劉源清 為劉源清所著書作序 – 歐陽鐸 為歐陽鐸所著書作序 – 伍餘福 為伍餘福所著書作序 – 吳廷擧 為吳廷擧所著書作序 – 殷雲霄 為殷雲霄所著書作序 – 鄧德純 為鄧德純所著書作序 – 趙善鳴 為趙善鳴所著書作序 – 呂柟 書序由呂柟所作 – 崔銑 書序由崔銑所作 – 李春芳 書序由李春芳所作 – 蔣信 書序由蔣信所作 – 蔣信 書序由蔣信所作 – 蔣信 書序由蔣信所作 – 蔣信 書序由蔣信所作 – 錢薇 為錢薇作墓誌銘 – 王守仁 為王守仁作墓誌銘 – 潘希曾 為潘希曾作墓誌銘 – 莊昶 為莊昶作墓誌銘 – 潘鏜 為潘鏜作墓誌銘 – 臧應奎 為臧應奎作墓誌銘 – 薛宗鎧 為薛宗鎧作墓誌銘 – 王汝舟 為王汝舟作墓誌銘 – 王韋 為王韋作墓誌銘 – 王舜漁 為王舜漁作墓誌銘 – 毛憲 為毛憲作墓誌銘 – 林鍾 為林鍾作墓誌銘 – 張琮 為張琮作墓誌銘 – 程銈 為程銈作墓誌銘 – 程銈 為程銈作墓誌銘 – 鄒賢 為鄒賢作墓誌銘 – 程文德 從遊者為程文德 – 林文俊 節行為林文俊所稱道 – 呂海 論學 – 吳澮 為吳澮作傳 – 陳實 為陳實作傳 – 鄭一初 為鄭一初作傳 – 劉彬 為劉彬作傳 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章作祭文 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章作祭文 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章作祭文 – 陳獻章 為陳獻章作祭文 – 王守仁 為王守仁作祭文 – 章懋 為章懋作祭文 – 莊昶 為莊昶作祭文 – 彭澤 為彭澤作祭文 – 王激 為王激作祭文 – 毛憲 為毛憲作祭文 – 林文俊 為林文俊作祭文 – 周衝 為周衝作祭文 – 洪遠 為洪遠之書、畫作跋 – 程文德 受程文德的請求為他人（第三方）作墓誌銘 – 林俊 為林俊作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 黃佐 為黃佐作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 呂柟 為呂柟作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 張岳 為張岳作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 劉大夏 為劉大夏作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 葛浩 為葛浩作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 蔣昇 為蔣昇作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 王縝 為王縝作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 洪垣 為洪垣作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 林雲同 為林雲同作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 洗光 為洗光作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 倫文敍 為倫文敍作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 郭勛 為郭勛作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 陳鳳梧 為陳鳳梧作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 陳錫 為陳錫作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 黃鍾 為黃鍾作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 潘潢 為潘潢作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 儲巏 為儲巏作臨別贈言(送別詩、序) – 張邦奇 臨別得到張邦奇所作贈言(送別詩、序) – 錢薇 臨別得到錢薇所作贈言(送別詩、序) – 夏言 臨別得到夏言所作贈言(送別詩、序) – 黃綰 臨別得到黃綰所作贈言(送別詩、序) – 毛憲 臨別得到毛憲所作贈言(送別詩、序) – 崔銑 義莊記由崔銑所作 – 鄭燭 教授鄭燭 – 應良 教授應良 – 游再得 教授游再得 – 應召 教授應召 – 王巖英 教授王巖英 -9999– 董玘 家譜由董玘作序 – 洪垣 為洪垣之家譜作序 –
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Examinations Record Rank 科舉: 進士(籠統) 第二甲第三名 科舉: 鄉貢舉人 學校: 生員(庠生)
Works Title Role Year Era 泉翁大全集:八十五卷 撰著者 甘泉先生續編大全:三十三卷 撰著者 春秋正傳 三十七卷 撰著者 新論一卷 撰著者 甘泉新論一卷 撰著者 格物通一百卷 撰著者 聖學格物通一百卷 撰著者 二禮經傳測: 六十八卷 撰著者
Citations [1] Identity and dates Zhan Ruoshui lived from 1466 to 1560 and is identified as a Ming philosopher and thinker. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The record supplies his name, dates, Ming affiliation, and thinker status. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographical entry gives his name, dates, Ming affiliation, and philosophical learning. Wikidata Zhan Ruoshui (Q13553235) The item identifies him as Zhan Ruoshui and as a Chinese philosopher, educator, and Confucian scholar of 1466–1560. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority record gives his name, life span, Ming dynasty, and philosophical identity. [2] Courtesy name His courtesy name was Yuanming, with the variant 原明. [3] Yuanyi Yuanyi (元易) is another recorded form of his courtesy name. [4] Sobriquets He was known as Ganquan and Ganquan xiansheng, and later as Moweng. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The name record lists Ganquan and Ganquan xiansheng as sobriquets. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies give Ganquan, Ganquan xiansheng, and the later sobriquet Moweng. Wikidata Zhan Ruoshui (Q13553235) The item lists Ganquan and Ganquan xiansheng among his aliases. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority record also lists Ganquan. [5] Name changes He was initially named Lu, used Minze, changed his name to Yu to avoid a grandfather's taboo, and later adopted Ruoshui. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biography describes the changes from Lu to Yu and then to Ruoshui and gives Minze among the earlier names. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The name record lists Minze as an alternate or former name. [6] Native place Zhan Ruoshui was from Zengcheng in Guangdong. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The record gives Zengcheng as his native place and household register place. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The profile and biographies identify Guangdong Zengcheng as his home region. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority record gives Zengcheng as his birthplace. [7] Study under Chen Xianzhang As a young man, he studied under Chen Xianzhang. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The association entry identifies Chen Xianzhang in the teacher relationship. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies explicitly say that he studied under Chen Xianzhang. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note gives the same teacher relationship. [8] Provincial examination He passed the Guangdong provincial examination in 1492. [9] Jinshi degree He earned the jinshi degree in 1505 in the Yichou examination. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The examination record lists the jinshi degree and the Hongzhi 18 jinshi register. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies place his jinshi success in Hongzhi 18, 1505, and give the Yichou designation. [10] Examination rank He ranked third in the second class. [11] Hanlin appointment He was selected as a shujishi and appointed a compiler. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies record his selection as shujishi and appointment as a compiler. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note confirms the early Hanlin appointments. [12] Hanlin lectures He lectured at the same time as Wang Shouren while in the Hanlin Academy. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The association entry identifies Wang Shouren as a friend. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies explicitly place his simultaneous lecturing with Wang Shouren in the Hanlin Academy. [13] Annam mission He exchanged views with Lü Nan and was soon sent as an envoy to Annam. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biography records the exchange with Lü Nan and the subsequent Annam mission. [14] Mourning and Xiqiao teaching During Zhengde he mourned his mother, guarded her tomb for three years, then settled at Xiqiao, built a lecture lodge, and required ritual study before lectures. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biography gives the mourning, tomb-guarding, Xiqiao residence, lecture lodge, and ritual requirement in sequence. [15] Early Jiajing office At the beginning of Jiajing he entered court, became a Hanlin reader, and served as Vice Minister of Rites. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The office list includes a Hanlin reader-scholar and Vice Minister of Rites. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies describe his early Jiajing entry, Hanlin readership, and service as Vice Minister of Rites. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note confirms the early Jiajing offices. [16] Nanjing career From Jiajing 3 through 18 he successively held the listed Nanjing offices. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The office entries give the Jiajing years, Nanjing locations, and titles for these five successive appointments. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies confirm the Nanjing directorship and the Nanjing Ministries of Personnel, Rites, and War. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note confirms his service as Nanjing Minister of Rites, Personnel, and War. [17] Retirement After these offices he retired and returned home. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies state that he retired and returned home. [18] Additional titles His other recorded titles included the imperial-lecture lecturer, national-history compilation supervisor, and Tongyi dafu. [19] Core teaching His thought centered on recognizing Heaven's Principle wherever one is, knowledge and action together, and rejection of knowledge first and action later; it differed from Wang Shouren's teaching. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographical and preface texts state these principles and the difference from Yangming's view. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note identifies the central principle and the separate schools of the two thinkers. [20] Lingnan position He occupied a leading position in the Lingnan school. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note calls him a principal leader of the Lingnan school. [21] Teaching scale He lectured at Xiqiao Mountain and attracted more than 3,000 followers over the years. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The status entry records teaching and receiving disciples. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies record Xiqiao teaching and more than 3,000 followers. [22] Ganquan Hermitage He founded Ganquan Hermitage. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note identifies him as the founder of Ganquan Hermitage. [23] Death dates and place After retirement he lectured at Tianguan and died in 1560 at Yushan Hermitage in Panyu; the dates May 16 and May 26 are both recorded. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies record post-retirement lecturing at Tianguan and death in 1560 at Yushan Hermitage in Panyu, with May 16 as one date. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority record gives May 26 as the other date. [24] Burial He was later reburied at Tiancan Ridge in Zengcheng. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biography gives Tiancan Ridge in Zengcheng as his later burial place. [25] Posthumous honors He received the posthumous rank of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, with Wenjian and Wenzhuang as variant posthumous names. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The name record gives Wenjian as the posthumous name. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies give the posthumous rank and record both Wenjian and Wenzhuang forms. Wikidata Zhan Ruoshui (Q13553235) The item records Wenjian as the posthumous name. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority record gives Wenjian and the posthumous rank. [26] Ancestors and parents His great-grandfather was 湛汪, grandfather 湛江, father 湛瑛, and mother Chen-shi. [27] Siblings His seven elder and three younger brothers are listed by name. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The family entry lists seven elder brothers and three younger brothers, with the relationships marked. [28] Wife His wife was Yuan-shi. [29] Collected works His collected works include 泉翁大全集 in 85 juan and 甘泉先生續編大全 in 33 juan. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The works list gives the two collections as 85 and 33 juan and marks both as authored works. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The preface identifies 泉翁大全集 as an 85-juan collection. [30] Classical works 格物通, 聖學格物通, and 春秋正傳 are listed with their lengths. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The works list records the three titles with lengths of 37, 100, and 100 juan. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographical and preface texts also list 格物通 and 春秋正傳. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note lists 格物通 and 春秋正傳. [31] Title variant 二禮經傳測 is listed as 68 juan, while 三禮經傳測 is another recorded title form. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The works list records 二禮經傳測 in 68 juan as an authored work. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The preface and works list include 二禮經傳測. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 湛若水 (A007181) The authority note gives 三禮經傳測 as a title variant. [32] Other works His other works include all the titles listed in this sentence. CBDB Zhan Ruoshui (131191) The works list includes 新論 and 甘泉新論. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The biographies list the remaining titles, including 心性圖說, 甘泉問辨, 心性書, 遵道錄, 樵語, 古小學, 四書測, and 五經測. [33] Ganquan collection The poetry and prose collection 甘泉集 comprises 32 juan. Souyun 湛若水 (50650) The literary entries identify 甘泉集 as a poetry and prose collection of 32 juan. 
CBDB
