Dong Fen

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He was a government-school student (生員) before passing the Zhejiang provincial examination as a juren (舉人) in 1537; in 1541, the twentieth year of the Jiajing era, he obtained the jinshi degree with a place in the second class.[4] He was chosen as a bachelor (庶吉士) of the Hanlin Academy and in the tenth month of 1543 completed his training with appointment as a compiler (編修); he also took part in the compilation of the Collected Statutes of the Great Ming (大明會典).[5]

In 1544 and 1553 he served twice as an associate examiner at the metropolitan examination; in the tenth month of 1554 he was promoted to right zhongyun of the Right Spring Cradle (右春坊右中允) with charge of the Directorate of Education, and in the second month of 1555 he returned to the Spring Cradle.[6] When the Jiajing Emperor withdrew to the Western Palace for Daoist retreats, he chose Dong Fen in person as a Hanlin academician, and most of the petitions to the gods used in the rites came from his hand.[7]

In 1556 he presided over the military metropolitan examination, in 1558 was chief examiner of the northern examination (北闈), and the following year, 1559, served again as an associate examiner at the metropolitan examination; as chief compiler of the Southern Palace he was granted a seal inscribed "Chief Compiler of the Eastern Library" (東觀總裁).[8]

He was afterwards promoted to grand minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices (太常寺少卿) with the gift of first-rank robes, then to right vice minister of rites, receiving a flying-fish robe and a salary of the second grade; he became left vice minister of personnel concurrently Hanlin academician and was placed in charge of the Heir Apparent's household, was made minister of works while continuing to manage the left vice ministry of personnel, and finally rose to minister of rites concurrently Hanlin academician.[9] He served as vice president in the compilation of the gazetteer of Fengtian, and in the forty-first year of the Jiajing era was granted a python robe.[10] In 1565 the supervising secretary Ouyang Yijing (歐陽一敬) impeached him, and he was dismissed to the status of a commoner.[11] He died on the fifth day of the third month in 1595, at the age of eighty-six.[12]

Works

His collected works, the Miyuan ji (泌園集), also known as the Dong xueshi Miyuan ji, comprise thirty-seven juan.[13]

Associates

The Miyuan ji contains letters he wrote to Xu Fuyuan (許孚遠), Lu Guangzu (陸光祖), Wang Shizhen (王世貞), Hu Zongxian (胡宗憲), Shen Shixing (申時行), Wang Xijue (王錫爵) and Yu Youding (余有丁),[14] as well as replies from Li Panlong (李攀龍), Zhang Juzheng (張居正) and Mao Kun (茅坤) and verses presented to him by Xu Jie (徐階).[15] Cai Runan (蔡汝楠) wrote a preface to the collection, and after Dong's death Wang Shilu (王士驌) composed his epitaph and Li Tingji (李廷機) a sacrificial address.[16] He himself wrote epitaphs for Wu Shan (吳山), Shen Mi (沈謐), Yao Yiyuan (姚一元) and Cai Runan, a spirit-path stele for Jia Yong (賈詠), and a record of conduct for Wu Peng (吳鵬).[17]

Family

His great-grandfather was Dong Duo (董鐸), his grandfather Dong Xiang (董庠) and his father Dong Huan (董環); his mother was of the Zhang family and his wife of the Gu family.[18] His son Dong Daochun (董道醇) was born in 1543.[19]

Office recordsCBDB

Year unknown2
OfficeEraPosting
禮部尚書Era unknownUnknown
翰林院學士Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
曾祖董鐸–
祖父董庠–
父董環–
母張氏(董份母)–
妻子顧氏(董份妻)–
子董道醇1543–

AliasesCBDB

  • 一 行第
  • 泌園 室名、別號
  • 潯陽山人 室名、別號
  • 用均 字

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
蔡汝楠書序由蔡汝楠所作–
王士驌墓誌銘由王士驌所作–
吳山為吳山作墓誌銘–
沈謐為沈謐作墓誌銘–
姚一元為姚一元作墓誌銘–
蔡汝楠為蔡汝楠作墓誌銘–
李廷機祭文由李廷機所作–
賈詠為賈詠作神道碑–
吳鵬為吳鵬作行狀–
許孚遠致書許孚遠–
陸光祖致書陸光祖–
王世貞致書王世貞–
王懋致書王懋–
胡宗憲致書胡宗憲–
申時行致書申時行–
王錫爵致書王錫爵–
王錫爵致書王錫爵–
余有丁致書余有丁–
余有丁致書余有丁–
許應逵致書許應逵–
張振之致書張振之–
陳珊致書陳珊–
龍宗武致書龍宗武–
溫純被致書由溫純–
茅坤被致書由茅坤–
方揚被致書由方揚–
蔡汝楠被致書由蔡汝楠–
劉景韶被致書由劉景韶–
余有丁答余有丁書–
邵陛答邵陛書–
胡价答胡价書–
凌廸知答凌廸知書–
莊國禎答莊國禎書–
蔣勸能答蔣勸能書–
蹇達答蹇達書–
李攀龍收到李攀龍的答書–
張居正收到張居正的答書–
茅坤收到茅坤的答書–
王材收到王材的答書–
王維楨收到王維楨的答書–
李堯民收到李堯民的答書–
莫如忠收到莫如忠的答書–
韋仁基收到韋仁基的贈詩、文–
袁黃收到袁黃的贈詩、文–
徐階收到徐階的贈詩、文–
吳子玉收到吳子玉的贈詩、文–
劉鳳收到劉鳳的贈詩、文–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第二甲第二名
科舉: 鄉貢舉人
學校: 生員(庠生)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
董學士泌園集:三十七卷

Citations

  1. [1] Name and dates Dong Fen was a Ming dynasty figure, born in 1510 and died in 1595.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records his name as Dong Fen (董份), his birth year 1510, his death year 1595, and his dynasty as Ming.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Gives his name, his birth and death years (1510 and 1595), his dynasty, and describes him as a native of Wucheng in Zhejiang who took the jinshi degree, rose to minister of rites concurrently Hanlin academician, and wrote the Miyuan ji.
    • WikidataDong Fen (Q22101198)Gives his name in Chinese and in English (Dong Fen), describes him as a politician, and dates his life 1510 to 1595.
  2. [2] Courtesy names and sobriquets Dong Fen's courtesy name was Yongjun; he also used the courtesy name Tihua and the sobriquets Miyuan and Xunyang Shanren.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records his courtesy name as Yongjun (用均) and his sobriquets as Miyuan (泌園) and Xunyang Shanren (潯陽山人).
    • Souyun董份 (52325)States that his courtesy name was Yongjun, also written Tihua, and that he was styled Miyuan and further Xunyang Shanren.
    • WikidataDong Fen (Q22101198)Lists the aliases Yongjun, Miyuan and Xunyang Shanren, and gives Tihua and Yongjun as courtesy names and Miyuan and Xunyang Shanren as art names.
  3. [3] Native place Dong Fen came from Wucheng in Zhejiang, corresponding to the present-day Nanxun District of Huzhou.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Gives Wucheng (烏程) as both his place of origin and his registered domicile.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Describes him as a native of Wucheng in Zhejiang, present-day Nanxun District of Huzhou.
  4. [4] Examinations Dong Fen was a government-school student and passed the Zhejiang provincial examination as a juren in 1537; in 1541 he took the jinshi degree with a ranking in the second class.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Lists him as a government student (生員/庠生), a provincial graduate (鄉貢舉人), and a jinshi ranked second in the second class.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that in 1537 he passed the Zhejiang provincial examination in the dingyou cycle, and that in 1541 he took the jinshi degree, ranking second in the second class.
  5. [5] Hanlin entry and compilation work Dong Fen was chosen as a Hanlin bachelor and became a compiler in 1543, and he took part in compiling the Collected Statutes of the Great Ming.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that he was made a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, that in the tenth month of 1543 he completed his training and was appointed a compiler, and that he helped compile the Da Ming Huidian.
  6. [6] Examinerships and promotion Dong Fen served twice as an associate examiner at the metropolitan examination and was promoted in 1554 to the Right Spring Cradle with charge of the Directorate of Education, returning to it in 1555.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records his two appointments as associate examiner in 1544 and 1553, his promotion in the tenth month of 1554 to right zhongyun of the Right Spring Cradle with charge of the Directorate of Education, and his return to the Spring Cradle in the second month of 1555.
  7. [7] Imperial favour When the Jiajing Emperor retired to the Western Palace for Daoist observances, he personally chose Dong Fen as a Hanlin academician, and the petitions to the gods used in the rites mostly came from his hand.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that when the Jiajing Emperor dwelt in the Western Palace, he personally designated Dong Fen as a Hanlin academician, and that the celestial petitions of the retreat rituals mostly came from his hand.
  8. [8] Examinations and chief compilership Dong Fen examined candidates in the military and provincial examinations and served as chief compiler of the Southern Palace, receiving a seal inscribed for that office.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that he presided over the military metropolitan examination in 1556, was chief examiner at the northern examination in 1558, served again as associate examiner the following year (1559), and as chief compiler of the Southern Palace was granted a seal reading "Chief Compiler of the Eastern Library".
  9. [9] Later offices Dong Fen rose through a succession of offices — grand minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, right vice minister of rites, left vice minister of personnel concurrently Hanlin academician, and minister of works — before becoming minister of rites concurrently Hanlin academician.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records his promotions to grand minister of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices with a gift of first-rank robes, right vice minister of rites with a flying-fish robe and second-grade salary, left vice minister of personnel concurrently Hanlin academician in charge of the Heir Apparent's household, minister of works while managing the left vice ministry of personnel, and finally minister of rites concurrently Hanlin academician; other notices also state that he rose to minister of rites concurrently Hanlin academician.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Lists his offices as minister of rites and Hanlin academician.
  10. [10] Gazetteer and robe Dong Fen served as vice president in compiling the Fengtian gazetteer and received the gift of a python robe in the forty-first year of the Jiajing era.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that he was vice president in the compilation of the Fengtian gazetteer and that in the forty-first year of Jiajing he was granted a python robe.
  11. [11] Impeachment Dong Fen was impeached in 1565 by the supervising secretary Ouyang Yijing and dismissed to commoner status.
    • Souyun董份 (52325)Records that in 1565 he was impeached by the supervising secretary Ouyang Yijing and reduced to a commoner.
  12. [12] Death Dong Fen died on the fifth day of the third month in 1595 at the age of eighty-six.
  13. [13] Works Dong Fen's collected works, the Miyuan ji, also called the Dong xueshi Miyuan ji, comprise thirty-seven juan.
  14. [14] Letters The Miyuan ji contains letters Dong Fen wrote to Xu Fuyuan, Lu Guangzu, Wang Shizhen, Hu Zongxian, Shen Shixing, Wang Xijue and Yu Youding.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records that he addressed letters to Xu Fuyuan, Lu Guangzu, Wang Shizhen, Hu Zongxian, Shen Shixing, Wang Xijue and Yu Youding, the letters appearing in his Dong xueshi Miyuan ji.
  15. [15] Replies and verses Dong Fen received replies from Li Panlong, Zhang Juzheng and Mao Kun and verses presented by Xu Jie.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records that he received replies from Li Panlong, Zhang Juzheng and Mao Kun, and verses presented to him by Xu Jie.
  16. [16] Preface, epitaph and address Cai Runan wrote a preface to Dong Fen's collection, and after his death Wang Shilu composed his epitaph and Li Tingji a sacrificial address.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records that a preface to his collection was written by Cai Runan, that his epitaph was composed by Wang Shilu, and that a sacrificial address was written by Li Tingji.
  17. [17] Commemorative writings Dong Fen wrote epitaphs for Wu Shan, Shen Mi, Yao Yiyuan and Cai Runan, a spirit-path stele for Jia Yong, and a conduct record for Wu Peng.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records that he wrote epitaphs for Wu Shan, Shen Mi, Yao Yiyuan and Cai Runan, a spirit-path stele for Jia Yong, and a conduct record for Wu Peng.
  18. [18] Ancestry Dong Fen's great-grandfather was Dong Duo, his grandfather Dong Xiang and his father Dong Huan; his mother was of the Zhang family and his wife of the Gu family.
    • CBDBDong Fen (131989)Records his great-grandfather Dong Duo, grandfather Dong Xiang, father Dong Huan, mother née Zhang, and wife née Gu.
  19. [19] Son Dong Fen's son Dong Daochun was born in 1543.