Chen Zilong

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

Raised by his grandmother, he took the child examination in 1623 at the age of sixteen and married in 1628 the daughter of Zhang Guiduan, magistrate of Shaoyang County in Baoqing Prefecture, Huguang.[5] He became a juren in the 1630 Yingtian provincial examination and earned the dingchou jinshi degree in 1637; the latter is also listed as third class, seventeenth place.[6]

After earning the jinshi degree, he first served as judicial commissioner of Huizhou Prefecture in Guangdong and then as judicial commissioner of Shaoxing Prefecture. He later served as a Director in the Ministry of Personnel and became a Supervising Secretary in the Bureau of Military Affairs in 1644.[7] During his Shaoxing tenure, the Dongyang uprising led by Xu Du occurred: Chen, an old acquaintance of Xu, persuaded him to surrender on a promise of safety, but the investigating censor had Xu killed; Chen protested unsuccessfully.[8]

His appointment as Supervising Secretary had just been issued when Beijing fell. He went to Nanjing to serve Prince Fu, proposed naval training, and argued that a ruler seeking restoration should lead his troops in person; when these proposals were rejected, he resigned to care for his parents.[9] After the Southern Capital fell, he raised troops against Qing in Songjiang and served as military supervisor. After the defeat he put on monk’s robes, used Xinzhong as his Buddhist name, and was later appointed Minister of War under Prince Lu.[10]

He then linked with forces around Lake Tai to plan another uprising. When the plot was exposed, he was arrested in the Suzhou area and drowned himself while being escorted in shackles.[11] On the night of 15 June 1647, the first year of the Yongli era and the fourth year of the Qing Shunzhi era, he broke his shackles and threw himself into the river while crossing Kuatang Bridge on the way by boat to Jiangning; his students recovered the body and buried it in the Chen family cemetery.[12] During the Qianlong reign, he received the posthumous name Zhongyu.[13]

Literary activity and associations

In his youth, Chen showed literary promise, joined the Jishe with Xia Yunyi and others, and also entered the Fushe. He was a disciple of Huang Daozhou and taught Xia Wanchun, Mao Xianshu, Gu Youxiao, and Shi Yinan.[14] Chen was associated with Li Wen and Song Zhengbi; another account names the latter Song Zhengyu, and groups Chen with Li and Song as the “Three Masters of Yunjiang.”[15]

Known for his integrity, Chen was regarded as a major poet, ci poet, and writer of classical prose, and he also pursued learning in the Classic of Poetry. He held a leading place in the literary world of the late Ming.[16] His prose was expansive and forceful, his poetry elevated and vigorous—earning him the designation “rear guard of Ming poetry”—while his ci was praised for its exquisite beauty, depth, and natural resonance; he helped establish both the Yunjiang poetry and ci schools.[17]

Works

His works include 《湘真閣稿》, 《安雅堂稿》, and 《白雲草》, as well as 《廬居》; 《安雅堂稿》 is also found under the title 《安雅堂集》.[18]

《詩問略》 is associated with him as an author, and he compiled 《明經世文編》; the latter also appears as 《皇明經世文編》, in 508 volumes. The Qing scholar Wang Chang compiled 《陳忠裕公全集》, and another collection is 《陳忠裕公詞》.[19]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1637 推官 崇禎
  2. 1640 推官 崇禎
  3. 1644 兵科給事中 崇禎

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
推官1637崇禎惠州府
推官1640崇禎紹興府
兵科給事中1644崇禎
Year unknown1
OfficeEraPosting
監軍Era unknownUnknown

AliasesCBDB

  • 人中 字
  • 信衷 未詳
  • 大樽 室名、別號
  • 忠裕 諡號
  • 懋中 字
  • 海士 字
  • 潁川明逸 未詳
  • 瓢粟 未詳
  • 臥子 字
  • 軼符 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

  • 詩人
  • 死國難
  • 僧人
  • [為官者：文]
  • 經學家—詩經
  • 工於古文

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
夏允彝友–
呂宮友–
宋徵璧友–
李雯友–
錢澄之友–
董期生友–
柳是被柳是欣賞/器重–
姜廷梧欣賞/器重–
彭孫貽欣賞/器重-9999–
關鍵欣賞/器重-9999–
董瑒欣賞/器重–
沈蘭彧欣賞/器重-9999–
毛先舒學生為毛先舒–
夏完淳學生為夏完淳–
顧有孝學生為顧有孝–
史奕楠學生為史奕楠–
柳是為柳是所著書作序–
黃道周為黃道周之弟子–
蔣平階詩社成員–
華夏教授華夏-9999–
陳繼儒致書陳繼儒–
錢謙益致書錢謙益–
徐石麒致書徐石麒–
倪元璐致書倪元璐–
倪元璐致書倪元璐–
吳偉業致書吳偉業–
夏允彝致書夏允彝–
吳甡致書吳甡–
張國維致書張國維–
張國維致書張國維–
張國維致書張國維–
李繼貞致書李繼貞–
袁繼咸致書袁繼咸–
黃道周致書黃道周–
黃道周致書黃道周–
黃道周致書黃道周–
周元輔致書周元輔–
鄭元勳致書鄭元勳–
孫嘉績致書孫嘉績–
楊廷麟致書楊廷麟–
黃道周被致書由黃道周–
方以智答方以智書–
夏允彝答夏允彝書–
侯方域答侯方域書–
趙福星答趙福星書–
黃澍答黃澍書–
袁繼咸答袁繼咸書–
萬壽祺答萬壽祺書–
吳昌時答吳昌時書–
方震孺答方震孺書–
姚思孝答姚思孝書–
張銚答張銚書–
徐枋收到徐枋的答書–
黃道周收到黃道周的答書–
程邃護佑程邃(政治關係)–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)第3甲第17名

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
詩問略撰著者
先忠端公祠堂碑銘
安雅堂集:十八卷
明詩選:三十卷
皇明經世文編:五百八卷編纂者
農政全書(陳子龍):四十六卷
陳忠裕全集:二十卷
陳忠裕公年譜

Citations

  1. [1] Identity and dates Chen Zilong was a late-Ming political figure, poet, and writer of classical prose who lived from 1608 to 1647.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The biographical data gives his name, lifespan, Ming affiliation, status as a poet, and accomplishment in classical prose.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The profile and biographical entry identify him as a late-Ming figure, confirm his dates, and describe his achievements in poetry, ci, and classical prose.
    • WikidataChen Zilong (Q15712352)The English label, description, and date values confirm his identity, political status, and lifespan.
  2. [2] Courtesy names and sobriquets Chen used the courtesy names Renzhong, Wozi, Haishi, and Maozhong, the sobriquets Dazun and Yifu, and the Buddhist name Xinzhong.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The alternate-name data gives the romanized forms of his courtesy names and sobriquets, including Xinzhong.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The profile and biographies list the corresponding Chinese names and identify Xinzhong as the name he took after becoming a monk.
    • WikidataChen Zilong (Q15712352)The English alias entries confirm the romanized forms used for these names.
  3. [3] Posthumous name His posthumous name was Zhongyu.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The alternate-name data gives Zhongyu and classifies it as a posthumous name.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The profile and biographies identify Zhongyu as the posthumous name conferred during the Qianlong period.
    • WikidataChen Zilong (Q15712352)The English alias list and multilingual alias data also contain Zhongyu.
  4. [4] Native place and registration Huating is the principal native-place identification, while Qingpu is given as the household registration and as an alternative place association.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The address entries identify Huating as the native place and Qingpu as the household registration.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The profile gives Huating in Songjiang as the hometown, while other biographical entries use Qingpu as a place identification.
  5. [5] Early life and marriage Chen was raised by his grandmother, took the child examination at sixteen in 1623, and married in 1628 into the family of Zhang Guiduan, magistrate of Shaoyang County.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographical account supplies the details of his grandmother's care, the 1623 child examination, and his 1628 marriage.
  6. [6] Examinations He passed the Yingtian provincial examination as a juren in 1630 and earned the dingchou jinshi degree in 1637, with the jinshi entry also assigned third class and seventeenth place.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographical accounts and profile identify his juren and 1637 dingchou jinshi qualifications.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The examination entry confirms the jinshi qualification and gives the third-class seventeenth-place ranking.
  7. [7] Early offices After the jinshi degree, Chen served at Huizhou and then Shaoxing, followed by offices in the Ministry of Personnel and the Bureau of Military Affairs from 1644.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The office entries list Huizhou judicial commissioner in 1637, Shaoxing judicial commissioner in 1640, and the 1644 military-affairs supervising secretaryship.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies give the Huizhou-to-Shaoxing appointment sequence and the subsequent Ministry of Personnel and military-affairs offices.
  8. [8] Xu Du affair During his Shaoxing service, Chen tried to secure Xu Du's surrender by promising safety, but Xu was killed by the investigating censor and Chen's protest failed.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographical account describes the Dongyang uprising, Chen's personal attempt to persuade Xu Du to surrender, the killing by the censor, and Chen's unsuccessful protest.
  9. [9] Service under Prince Fu When Beijing fell, Chen went to Nanjing to serve Prince Fu, advocated naval training and personal leadership by a restoration ruler, and resigned after the proposals were rejected to care for his parents.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies describe the fall of Beijing, his service to Prince Fu in Nanjing, his naval and leadership proposals, and his resignation to support his parents.
  10. [10] Anti-Qing activity and Prince Lu After the fall of the Southern Capital, Chen raised anti-Qing forces in Songjiang, served as military supervisor, became a monk after defeat, and later received a Ministry of War appointment from Prince Lu.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The office and status data identify him as a military supervisor and a monk.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies describe the Songjiang resistance, military supervision, change into monastic dress, Buddhist name, and appointment under Prince Lu.
  11. [11] Arrest and death Chen joined forces around Lake Tai, was arrested after the plot was exposed, and drowned while being transported in shackles.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies describe the Lake Tai uprising plan, the arrest in the Suzhou area, and his drowning during transport.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The status data classifies him among those who died in a national calamity.
  12. [12] Date and burial On 15 June 1647, Chen broke his shackles and drowned while crossing Kuatang Bridge on the way to Jiangning; his students recovered and buried his body.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The detailed account supplies the date, reign-year equivalents, bridge, route to Jiangning, broken shackles, drowning, recovery, and burial.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The association entries identify several of the people connected with him as students, supporting the reference to his students recovering the body.
  13. [13] Posthumous honor Chen received the posthumous name Zhongyu during the Qianlong reign.
  14. [14] Societies, teacher, and students Chen joined the Jishe and Fushe, was associated with Xia Yunyi, studied under Huang Daozhou, and taught several later scholars.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies describe his early reputation, participation in the Jishe with Xia Yunyi, and membership in the Fushe.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The association entries identify Xia Yunyi as a friend, Huang Daozhou as his teacher, and Xia Wanchun, Mao Xianshu, Gu Youxiao, and Shi Yinan as students.
  15. [15] Three Masters of Yunjiang Chen was associated with Li Wen and Song Zhengbi; another account uses Song Zhengyu and calls the three men the Three Masters of Yunjiang.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The association entries list Song Zhengbi and Li Wen as Chen's friends.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The literary account names Song Zhengyu and calls Chen, Li Wen, and Song the Three Masters of Yunjiang.
  16. [16] Literary standing Chen was praised for integrity and for achievement in poetry, ci, classical prose, and Classic of Poetry learning, and he occupied a leading position in late-Ming letters.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The status data identifies him as a poet, a Classic of Poetry scholar, and a writer accomplished in classical prose.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The literary biographies praise his integrity and his achievements in poetry, ci, and classical prose, and place him at the head of late-Ming literary circles.
  17. [17] Literary style and schools His prose, poetry, and ci are described in terms of expansive force, elevated vigor, exquisite depth, natural resonance, and the founding of the Yunjiang poetry and ci schools.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The literary account describes his prose, poetry, and ci in these terms and connects him with the Yunjiang poetry and ci schools.
  18. [18] Poetry and prose collections The listed collections include Xiangzhen ge gao, Anyatang gao, Baiyun cao, and Luju, with Anyatang gao also appearing as Anyatang ji.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The literary entries list the Xiangzhen ge, Anyatang, Baiyun cao, and Luju collections.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The works data also lists Anyatang ji in eighteen volumes.
  19. [19] Authorship and compilation Chen is identified as the author of Shiwènlüè and as the compiler of Ming jingshi wenbian, also titled Huang Ming jingshi wenbian in a 508-volume entry; Wang Chang compiled the complete works, and another collection is Chen Zhongyu gong ci.
    • CBDBChen Zilong (29584)The works data identifies him as the author of 《詩問略》 and the compiler of the 508-volume 《皇明經世文編》.
    • Souyun陳子龍 (54505)The biographies state that he compiled 《明經世文編》 and that Wang Chang compiled 《陳忠裕公全集》; they also list 《陳忠裕公詞》.