Fang Xiaoru

TimelineCBDB

1. 1392 學教 洪武
2. 1393 鄉試考試官 洪武
3. 1396 鄉試考試官 洪武
4. 1399 翰林院侍講學士 建文
5. 1400 直文淵閣侍講學士 建文

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 侯城先生 未詳
• 小韓子 未詳
• 希古 字
• 希直 字
• 文正 諡號
• 正學 未詳
• 正學 室名、別號
• 正學先生 未詳
• 正學先生 室名、別號
• 遜志 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• 畫家
• [為官者：文]
• 思想家

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Identity and dates Fang Xiaoru lived from 1357 to 1402 and is identified as a Ming scholar, writer, and official.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The person record supplies the name, dates, Ming affiliation, and official and thinker classifications.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The biographical entries identify him as a Ming poet-writer and scholar and give his life dates.
   • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The entity record names Fang Xiaoru and describes him as a Chinese scholar and a Ming official.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority record gives his name and dynasty and calls him an important Ming official.
2. [2] Courtesy names and native place His courtesy name was Xizhi, with Xigu as an alternative; Ninghai is the usual native place, while Linhai is an alternative in one entry.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The record marks Xigu and Xizhi as courtesy names and gives Ninghai as the native place.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries confirm Xizhi, Xigu, and Ninghai in Zhejiang, while another entry gives Linhai, preserving the geographical disagreement.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority record lists Fang Xizhi and Fang Xigu and places him in Ninghai.
   • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The aliases value includes Xizhi and Xigu, confirming the two courtesy-name forms.
3. [3] Sobriquets and posthumous title He was known by Zhengxue Xiansheng, Xunzhi, and Houcheng Xiansheng, with Goucheng Xiansheng as another form, and received the posthumous title Wenzheng.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The name records include Houcheng Xiansheng, Zhengxue Xiansheng, Xunzhi, and Wenzheng, with Wenzheng marked as a posthumous title.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The biographical entries list Goucheng Xiansheng, Zhengxue Xiansheng, Xunzhi, Fang Wenzheng, and Wenzheng, and explicitly state that Wenzheng was conferred posthumously.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority record lists Zhengxue Xiansheng and Fang Wenzheng and explains the origin of the Zhengxue designation.
   • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The aliases value includes Zhengxue Xiansheng, Xunzhi, and Wenzheng.
4. [4] Early life and teacher He was precocious, read diligently, was called Little Han Yu, and studied under Song Lian, whose learning he absorbed.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries describe his precocious childhood, daily reading, the Little Han Yu nickname, and his study under Song Lian.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The association records identify Song Lian as his teacher and preserve the note about studying with him in Pujiang.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority record includes the Little Han Yu alias and states that he studied under Song Lian.
   • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The aliases value confirms the Little Han Yu name.
5. [5] Appointment in Hanzhong In 1392 he was summoned to the capital and made professor of Hanzhong Prefecture; another account connects the appointment with recommendation.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries describe the Hongwu twenty-fifth-year summons, the Hanzhong professorship, his teaching, and the alternative recommendation account.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The office record gives 1392, a Hanzhong location, the local office title, and recommendation as an entry category.
6. [6] Tutor to the Shu heir Zhu Chun engaged Fang as tutor to the heir and named his study Zhengxue, producing the Zhengxue Xiansheng designation.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries describe the Prince of Shu’s appointment of Fang as tutor and the naming of his study Zhengxue.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority note identifies Zhu Chun, his appointment as tutor, and the inscription of Zhengxue on the study.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The name records preserve Zhengxue Xiansheng as a designation.
7. [7] Jianwen offices After the Jianwen Emperor’s accession, Fang held the Hanlin expositor, expositor-in-waiting, literary classicist, and Wen yuan pavilion lecturer posts.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entry details the Hanlin expositor, expositor-in-waiting, and literary classicist appointments, while the title list supplies the related offices.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The office records list the Hanlin academician-expositor, Wen yuan pavilion lecturer, and doctor posts within the Jianwen period.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority note summarizes his successive Hanlin expositor and academician appointments.
8. [8] Historical compilation and counsel He helped compile the Taizu Veritable Records and the Leiyao as chief editor and was consulted on major state affairs.
   • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries state that he worked on the two books as chief editor and was consulted on state affairs.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority note confirms his chief editorship of the two historical works.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The catalogue and office records preserve the two titles and the two chief-editor appointments.
9. [9] Provincial examinations and friendships He served as a provincial examination examiner in 1393 and 1396 and was recorded as a friend of Wang Shou, Wang Shen, and Wang Shuying.
   • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The records give the two examination years and identify Wang Shou, Wang Shen, and Wang Shuying as friends.
10. [10] Family His father was Fang Keqin, his great-grandfather Fang Ziye, and his uncle Fang Kejian; his two sons Fang Zhongxian and Fang Zhongyu both died in 1402.
    • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The kinship values identify the great-grandfather, father, sons, and uncle; both sons have 1402 as their death year.
11. [11] Refusal to draft the edict After Zhu Di entered Nanjing, he ordered Fang to draft an edict; Fang challenged the claim that Zhu Di followed the Duke of Zhou, threw down his brush, and refused.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries recount the order to draft the edict, the Duke of Zhou and King Cheng comparison, Fang’s question, the thrown brush, and his refusal.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority note confirms his refusal to cooperate with Zhu Di and his unyielding death.
12. [12] Arrest and execution In 1402 Fang was arrested and imprisoned after the Jianwen Emperor’s death, wrote that the Yan bandit had usurped the throne, refused to yield, and was dismembered in the marketplace.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries describe the Jinchuan Gate incident, the emperor’s death by fire, Fang’s imprisonment, his four-character inscription, his refusal to yield, and his execution.
    • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The person record confirms 1402 as his death year.
    • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The time statement gives a death date within 1402.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority record places his death within 1402.
13. [13] Ten-clan punishment and varying tolls His clan, relatives, friends, and disciples were implicated in the ten-clan punishment, but the reported number of victims varies from several hundred to more than eight hundred.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The two entries describe the killing of his clan, relatives, and disciples under the ten-clan punishment, with totals of several hundred and more than eight hundred respectively.
    • WikidataFang Xiaoru (Q707875)The entity description explicitly uses the ten-clan punishment formulation.
14. [14] Intellectual purpose Fang treated literary technique as secondary, made the kingly way and universal peace his purpose, and opposed Buddhism.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The critical material says that he regarded literary accomplishment as secondary, pursued the kingly way and peace, and forcefully rejected Buddhism.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database方孝孺 (A008291)The authority note confirms his commitment to clarifying the kingly way and seeking peace throughout the realm.
15. [15] Prose style Later assessments call his learning orthodox, his prose expansive and forceful, and his style comparable to Su Shi and Chen Liang.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The biographical criticism describes his learning as pure and orthodox, his prose as expansive and forceful, and compares it with Dongpo and Longchuan.
    • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The status value classifies him as a thinker.
16. [16] Wuchang writings He wrote the two named prefaces, and the Yellow Crane Tower preface concerns warfare in Wuchang and the compilation of the poetry scroll.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entry names both prefaces and explains the subject matter of the Yellow Crane Tower preface.
17. [17] Works His works include the twenty-four-volume collection 《遜志齋集》 and the other listed titles, with the catalogue identifying the latter as authored works.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The entries confirm 《遜志齋集》 and its twenty-four-volume extent.
    • CBDBFang Xiaoru (28093)The catalogue lists the variant Houcheng titles and marks the listed editions of Houcheng, Zongyi, and Youyi zhazhen as authored works.
18. [18] Transmission and attribution The Fang Zhengxue collection circulated widely, but later criticism assigned three items to other authors or to a Yuan poet.
    • Souyun方孝孺 (46560)The critical entry says that the Fang Zhengxue collection circulated widely and assigns the three named pieces to Chen Ziping, Yang Mengzai, and a Yuan author.