Life
H is father was Yan Weizhen. Yan Shigu is identified in one genealogy as his grandfather, while another calls Yan Zhenqing a fifth-generation descendant of Yan Shigu; he is also described as a fifth-generation descendant of Yan Zhitui.[4] H e passed the Presented Scholar examination in the twenty-second year of Kaiyuan (734).[5] I n the first year of Tianbao (742), he passed the Literary Excellence examination, also attaining the Bacuike and a special examination.[6]
H is early appointments included Palace Archivist and Collator in the Secretariat (736), Magistrate of Liquan, Investigating Censor (747), and Palace Attendant Censor (749).[7] B ecause he would not attach himself to Yang Guozhong, he was sent out as governor of Pingyuan; when the An Lushan rebellion began, he joined with his cousin Yan Gaoqing to raise troops, won broad support in Hebei, was chosen as their盟主, and commanded a force said to have reached 200,000.[8] P ingyuan was well prepared for defense, and he was given the post of Vice Minister of Revenue.[9]
A fter Suzong's accession, he was appointed Minister of Works, concurrently Grand Censor, and Commissioner for Hebei Pacification and Military Operations. In 756 he was again appointed Minister of Justice and Grand Censor, and served successively as prefect of Tong, Pu, Rao, and Sheng; a post as prefect of Li is also listed.[10] W hen the commanderies fell again, he made his way by a byroad to Fengxiang, was repeatedly appointed Grand Censor and sent as governor of Fengyi, then suffered repeated demotions because his integrity made him unwelcome, eventually reaching the post of Assistant Governor of Pengzhou.[11]
U nder Daizong, he again held the post described variously as Left or Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs; he was then made Investigating Minister of Justice and concurrently Grand Censor, and was enfeoffed as Duke of Lu. After falling out with Yuan Zai, he was demoted to Assistant Governor of Xiazhou.[12] I n 764 he became Minister of Justice and was again enfeoffed as Duke of Lu; in 768 he became governor of Fuzhou, later moved to Huzhou, and in 777 was recalled as Vice Minister of Justice. The beginning of his Huzhou tenure is variously placed in 772 and in the eighth through twelfth years of the Dali era.[13]
I n 782 he was made Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent and commissioned as Military Pacification Commissioner of Huaining. During Dezong's reign, Lu Qi turned against him; when Li Xilie rebelled, he was ordered to persuade him, was held and threatened for years, and refused to yield. In 784 Li Xilie had him killed by strangulation; an age of seventy-seven is also given. His place of death is given as Caizhou, he was later buried at Wannian, and he was posthumously granted the title Situ and the posthumous name Wenzhong.[14]
Family and associations
H is wife was Lady Wei; his sons were Yan Yun and Yan Shuo, and his son-in-law was Wei Zheng.[15] H is brother was Yan Yunnan, and his wider family included the clan kinsman Yan Hun, the nephews Yan Xian, Yan Xu, Yan Xu, Yan Can, and Yan Zhuan, and an aunt who was the wife of Yin Lüzhi.[16] D u Ji was his wife's sister's husband; his grandson was Wei Dan, and Yan Xu is also listed as a direct descendant.[17] L inghu Huan composed his tomb inscription, while Yan Zhenqing composed tomb inscriptions for Song Jing and Yin Jianyou.[18]
Calligraphy and literature
Y an Zhenqing first studied under Chu Suiliang and later followed Zhang Xu. He excelled in regular and running script: his regular script was stately and expansive, while his running script was forceful and vigorous; this style became known as the Yan style. He is paired with Liu Gongquan as Yan-Liu, and their styles gave rise to the phrase “Yan sinews and Liu bones.”[19] H e was accomplished in poetry and prose, but much of his extensive writing has been lost.[20]
W hile serving as governor of Huzhou, he assembled 32 writers to compile the rime-based reference work *Yunhai Jingyuan*, forming a singing-and-response community of as many as 95 poets; their poems were collected as the ten-volume *Wuxing ji*.[21] F ewer than one hundred poems are said to survive in the collection, most composed during his tenure at Wuxing in exchange with the monk Jiao and the scholar Lu.[22]
* Yunhai Jingyuan* comprised 360 volumes. The ten-volume *Li yue ji*, *Wuxing ji*, *Luling ji*, and *Linchuan ji* are all lost.[23] T he fifteen-volume *Yan Lugong ji* was edited by Liu Yuangang; a later compilation is also known as the *Yan Lugong wenji*. The *Complete Tang Poems* preserves one volume of his poems, including 21 joint poems, while later supplements add one poem, one joint poem, and two fragments.[24]
O ther titles listed include *Zhongwen ji*, *Wujing yaolüe*, *Jiajiao*, and the one-volume *Twelve Instructions on Brushwork by Zhang Changshi*, also called *Yan Gong's Method*.[25] S urviving calligraphic works include *Self-written Official Credentials*, *Contending for Seats*, and *Draft of a Requiem to My Nephew*.[26]
Wikidata 顏真卿
人物
tsinghua:01-00000212-4Names Preferred name、Alias 顏真卿 ◆ Manual Souyun Wikidata Foreign name Yan Zhenqing CBDB Alias 文忠 CBDB Souyun Courtesy name 淸臣 CBDB Wikidata Alias 顏十三 CBDB Alias 顏魯公 CBDB Alias 顏清臣 DILA Buddhist Authority Database Courtesy name、Alias 清臣 Souyun Wikidata Alias 魯公 Souyun Art name 应方 Souyun Alias 颜鲁公 Souyun Alias 十三 Souyun Alias 鲁国公 Souyun Preferred name 颜真卿 Wikidata Alias Yen Chen-ch'ing Wikidata Alias Qingchen Yan Wikidata Alias Lugong Yan Wikidata Alias zi Qingchen Wikidata Alias Ch'ing-ch'en Yen Wikidata Alias Chin-gyǒng An Wikidata Alias Nogong An Wikidata Alias Lu Gong Wikidata Alias Zhenqing Yan Wikidata Alias Qingchen Wikidata Alias Shinkei Gan Wikidata Alias Lu-kung Yen Wikidata Alias Wenzhong Wikidata Alias Yan lugong Wikidata Basic information Name 顏真卿 Birth 709 Death 784 Period 唐 Sex 男 Ontology properties 生年 709 卒年 784 性别 male Source identifiers Timeline 736 秘書省校書郎 開元 747 監察御史 天寶 749 殿中侍御史 天寶 756 御史大夫 至德 756 憲部尚書 至德 759 州刺史 乾元 759 節度使 乾元 762 州刺史 寶應 764 刑部尚書 廣德 768 州刺史 大曆 772 州刺史 大曆 777 刑部侍郎 大曆 779 禮儀使 782 太子太師 建中 Office records Office From To Era Posting 秘書省校書郎 736 開元 監察御史 747 天寶 殿中侍御史 749 天寶 御史大夫 756 至德 憲部尚書 756 至德 州刺史 759 乾元 昇州 節度使 759 乾元 浙江西道 州刺史 762 寶應 利州 刑部尚書 764 廣德 州刺史 768 大曆 撫州 州刺史 772 大曆 湖州 刑部侍郎 777 大曆 禮儀使 779 Era unknown 太子太師 782 建中
Year unknown19 Office Era Posting 上柱國 Era unknown Unknown 公 Era unknown 魯郡 刑部尚書 Era unknown Unknown 司徒 Era unknown Unknown 司徒 Era unknown Unknown 太子太師 Era unknown Unknown 太守 Era unknown 平原郡 尚書右丞相 Era unknown Unknown 州刺史 Era unknown 同州 州刺史 Era unknown 蒲州 州刺史 Era unknown 饒州 州長史 Era unknown 蓬州 戶部侍郎 Era unknown Unknown 縣尉 Era unknown 醴泉 縣尉 Era unknown 長安 覆屯交兵使 Era unknown Unknown 軍宣慰使 Era unknown 淮寧軍節度 郡別駕 Era unknown 吉州 魯郡開國公 Era unknown 魯郡
Family Relation Name Life 祖父 顏師古 581–645 父 顏惟貞 669–712 兄 顏允南 694–762 妻子 韋氏 709– 族弟 顏渾 – 連襟;妻姊妹之夫 杜濟 720–777 從子;姪子 顏峴 – 子 顏頵 –804 子 顏碩 –805 女婿 韋政 –775 族子 顏須 – 族子 顏頊 – 族子 顏粲 – 族子 顏顓 – 孫 韋丹 753–810 直系後裔 顏詡 – 姑母 顏氏(殷履直妻) 654–737
Aliases
Status
Associations Person Relation Years 令狐峘 墓誌銘由令狐峘所作 – 宋璟 為宋璟作墓誌銘 – 殷踐猷 為殷踐猷作墓誌銘 – 顏氏(殷履直妻) 為顏氏(殷履直妻)作墓誌銘 – 杜濟 為杜濟作墓誌銘 – 康希銑 為康希銑作墓誌銘 – 歐陽琟 為歐陽琟作墓誌銘 – 李氏(和政公主) 為李氏(和政公主)作墓誌銘 – 元結 為元結作墓誌銘 – 王紹 為王紹作字說、名述 – 丁晞顏 書風為丁晞顏所模仿 – 裴休 贈詩、文 – 李適之 贈詩、文 – 陸羽 贈詩、文 – 韋渠牟 贈詩、文 – 柳淡 贈詩、文 – 耿湋 贈詩、文 – 釋皎然 贈詩、文 – 康造 贈詩、文 – 顏粲 贈詩、文 – 顏頊 贈詩、文 – 顏須 贈詩、文 – 顏顓 贈詩、文 – 顏峴 贈詩、文 – 顏渾 贈詩、文 – 清遠 贈詩、文 – 權器 贈詩、文 – 某橫飛 贈詩、文 – 釋圓寂 贈詩、文 – 皮日休 收到皮日休的贈詩、文 – 李德裕 收到李德裕的贈詩、文 – 楊憑 收到楊憑的贈詩、文 – 高適 收到高適的贈詩、文 – 張薦 收到張薦的贈詩、文 – 李白 收到李白的贈詩、文 – 岑參 收到岑參的贈詩、文 – 李益 收到李益的贈詩、文 – 陸羽 收到陸羽的贈詩、文 – 盧綸 收到盧綸的贈詩、文 – 戎昱 收到戎昱的贈詩、文 – 張龜齡 收到張龜齡的贈詩、文 – 柳淡 收到柳淡的贈詩、文 – 釋皎然 收到釋皎然的贈詩、文 – 竇羣 收到竇羣的贈詩、文 – 李觀 收到李觀的贈詩、文 – 王純 收到王純的贈詩、文 – 陸涓 收到陸涓的贈詩、文 – 袁高 收到袁高的贈詩、文 – 王修甫 收到王修甫的贈詩、文 – 裴修 收到裴修的贈詩、文 – 裴翻 收到裴翻的贈詩、文 – 強蒙 收到強蒙的贈詩、文 – 崔弘 收到崔弘的贈詩、文 – 崔萬 收到崔萬的贈詩、文 – 皇甫會 收到皇甫會的贈詩、文 – 某伯成 收到某伯成的贈詩、文 – 魏理 收到魏理的贈詩、文 – 吳筠 收到吳筠的贈詩、文 – 房益 收到房益的贈詩、文 – 房夔 收到房夔的贈詩、文 – 潘述 收到潘述的贈詩、文 – 湯清河 收到湯清河的贈詩、文 – 左輔元 收到左輔元的贈詩、文 – 韋介 收到韋介的贈詩、文 – 范縉 收到范縉的贈詩、文 – 蔣志 收到蔣志的贈詩、文 – 權器 收到權器的贈詩、文 – 楊嶽 收到楊嶽的贈詩、文 – 楊凝 收到楊凝的贈詩、文 – 史仲宣 收到史仲宣的贈詩、文 – 劉茂 收到劉茂的贈詩、文 – 劉全白 收到劉全白的贈詩、文 – 陸士修 收到陸士修的贈詩、文 – 李㟧 收到李㟧的贈詩、文 – 楊節 畫風為楊節所師法 – 魯孔孫 畫風為魯孔孫所師法 –
Examinations Record Rank 科舉: 進士(籠統) 科舉制舉: 文詞秀逸科
Works Title Role Year Era 顏魯公集 忠文集 五經要略 家敎 廬陵集 禮樂集 臨川集 韵海鏡源 張長史十二意筆法（一名顔公肇法）一卷 撰著者
Citations [1] Dates and identity The dates and Tang statesman-calligrapher identity are supported, including the alternative date forms. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Gives the name, 709 birth year, 784 death year, and Tang dynasty. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Gives the 709–784 and 708–784 forms and his Tang career and calligraphy. Wikidata Yan Zhenqing (Q758566) Gives the English name, statesman and calligrapher description, and 709 and 785 date forms. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Identifies him as a Tang statesman and calligrapher born in 709 and deceased in 784. [2] Names and posthumous title This sentence gives his style name, rank, childhood name, byname, public appellation, and posthumous name. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the style name, rank, posthumous name, and Yan Lugong appellation. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Lists Qingchen, thirteenth in order, Xianmenzi, Yingfang, Yan Lugong, and Wenzhong. Wikidata Yan Zhenqing (Q758566) Lists Qingchen, Yan Lugong, and Wenzhong as names or aliases. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Lists Yan Qingchen, Yan Lugong, and the Wenzhong posthumous name. [3] Place of origin This sentence preserves the different place-of-origin forms. [4] Ancestry These sentences give the father, the two Yan Shigu genealogy forms, and the Yan Zhitui descent claim. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Identifies Yan Shigu as grandfather and Yan Weizhen as father. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Calls him a fifth-generation descendant of Yan Shigu. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Calls him a fifth-generation descendant of Yan Zhitui. [5] Presented Scholar This sentence records the 734 Presented Scholar success. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Records the Kaiyuan 22 Presented Scholar success. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the Presented Scholar qualification. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Records the 734 Presented Scholar qualification. [6] Special examinations This sentence records the Literary Excellence, Bacuike, and special examinations. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Records the Tianbao 1 Literary Excellence examination, Bacuike, and special examination. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the examination categories. [7] Early offices This sentence gives the early offices and three recorded years. [8] Pingyuan resistance This sentence records Yang Guozhong's opposition, Pingyuan, the uprising with Yan Gaoqing, broad support, and its reported scale. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Details Yang Guozhong's opposition, the Pingyuan post, the uprising, its support, and its reported scale. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the Pingyuan governorship. [9] Pingyuan defense This sentence records the prepared defenses and Revenue appointment. [10] Suzong appointments These sentences record the military and provincial offices under Suzong. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Lists the Minister of Works, Grand Censor, Hebei commissioner, Minister of Justice, and the relevant prefectures. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the 756 offices and Tong, Pu, Rao, Sheng, and Li locations. [11] Fengxiang and demotions This sentence records the flight, Fengyi appointment, demotions, and Pengzhou post. [12] Daizong offices This sentence preserves the Left–Right variation and later offices, enfeoffment, and demotion. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Gives the Left and Right forms and the Justice, Grand Censor, Duke of Lu, and Xiazhou offices. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the Right Vice Director, Justice, Duke of Lu, and provincial office. [13] Guangde and Dali career These sentences record the appointments from Guangde through Dali and preserve the differing Huzhou dates. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Lists the 764 Justice appointment, Duke of Lu, 768 Fuzhou appointment, Huzhou period, and 777 recall. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the 764, 768, 772, and 777 office years and locations. [14] Final mission and death These sentences record the 782 appointment, mission, detention, refusal, death, burial, and honors. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Records the 782 appointment, Lu Qi, Li Xilie, persuasion mission, detention, refusal, death in 784, age seventy-seven, and Wenzhong. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists the 782 office, Huaining assignment, Caizhou, Wannian burial, Situ, and Wenzhong. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Records the 784 death and posthumous name. [15] Immediate family This sentence lists his wife, sons, and son-in-law. [16] Wider family This sentence lists the brother, clan relatives, and aunt. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists Yan Yunnan, Yan Hun, Yan Xian, Yan Xu, Yan Can, Yan Zhuan, and the aunt married to Yin Lüzhi. [17] In-laws and descendants This sentence lists the in-law, grandson, and direct descendant. [18] Tomb inscriptions This sentence records the tomb inscriptions composed for him and by him. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists Linghu Huan as composer for him and Yan Zhenqing as composer for Song Jing and Yin Jianyou. [19] Calligraphy These sentences record his teachers, script forms, stylistic features, Yan style, and the Yan–Liu descriptions. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Records Chu Suiliang, Zhang Xu, regular and running script, and Yan style. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Describes the scripts, Yan style, Yan–Liu pairing, and Yan-sinews/Liu-bones expression. [20] Literary ability This sentence records his poetry and prose and the loss of much of his writing. [21] Huzhou literary circle This sentence records the 32 writers, 95-poet community, Yunhai Jingyuan project, and Wuxing collection. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Details the 32 writers, 95-poet group, Yunhai Jingyuan project, and ten-volume Wuxing collection. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Confirms the Huzhou governorship. [22] Surviving poems This sentence records the number and setting of the surviving poems. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Says that fewer than one hundred poems survive and that most were composed at Wuxing with Jiao and Lu. [23] Lost works This paragraph records the principal works, volumes, and loss of several collections. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Lists the 360-volume Yunhai Jingyuan and four lost ten-volume collections. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists Luling ji, Li yue ji, Linchuan ji, and Yunhai Jingyuan. [24] Collected works and poems This paragraph records the collected works and surviving poem counts. Souyun 顏真卿 (21650) Records the fifteen-volume Yan Lugong ji, its editor, and poem, joint-poem, and supplement counts. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Records the later Yan Lugong wenji compilation. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists Yan Lugong ji. [25] Other titles This sentence lists additional titles. CBDB Yan Zhenqing (95025) Lists Zhongwen ji, Wujing yaolüe, Jiajiao, and the Zhang Changshi brushwork text with its alternate title. [26] Calligraphic works This sentence lists the named calligraphic works. DILA Buddhist Authority Database 顏真卿 (A004865) Lists the three named calligraphic works. 
CBDB
