Gong Maoliang

出自全球本体聚合平台

公开 可引用 更新于 2026-09-13

Life

He first served in a series of prefectural and county posts, as registrar of Nan'an, judicial officer of Shaowu, and assistant judge at Quanzhou, and was then given the rank of Xuanjiao lang (宣教郎), summoned to a court appointment, and made a proofreader of the Palace Library (秘書省正字), rising to be an official of the Ministry of Personnel (吏部郎官).[6] He was appointed investigating censor (監察御史) and promoted to right reminder (右正言), and submitted a memorial fiercely attacking Long Dayuan (龍大淵) and Zeng Di (曾覿), whereupon he received the honorary title of junior academician of the Palace Library (直秘閣) and was made prefect of Jianning Prefecture.[7]

After the two men were dismissed, he was appointed judicial commissioner of Guangdong and in 1167 took charge of Guangzhou; one account has him taking charge of Xinzhou instead.[8] He received the honorary title of junior academician of the Xianmo Hall (直顯謨閣) and was made transport supervisor of Jiangxi and concurrent prefect of Longxing Prefecture.[9] When Jiangxi suffered several successive years of drought, he devised famine-relief measures for the whole circuit, remitting taxes and issuing grain from the granaries, and saved many lives; he was reappointed with the honorary title of compiler of the Youwen Hall (右文殿修撰).[10] He was promoted to auxiliary academician of the Fuwen Hall (敷文閣待制) and appointed vice minister of rites.[11]

In 1174 he was appointed assistant councillor of state and petitioned for grain from the imperial reserves to relieve the famine victims of Huainan.[12] In 1175, after Ye Heng was dismissed from the chancellorship, Gong carried on the business of government as senior assistant councillor.[13] In 1177 he was brought down by the censor Xie Kuoran (謝廓然), stripped of his offices and demoted to residence in Yingzhou — one account ascribing his fall to his support for a peace policy; he died in exile in 1178.[14] He was posthumously restored to the honorary title of academician of the Zizheng Hall (資政殿學士).[15] His biography appears in juan 385 of the Song History (宋史).[16]

Writings

During the Chunxi period he served as supervisor of the codification of edicts (提舉修敕令) and joint supervisor for the review and codification of statutes (同提舉詳定一司敕令), directing the compilation of the personnel statutes of the Ministry of Personnel; the resulting compilations were the Chunxi Revised Edicts, Ordinances and Regulations for the Left Selection of the Ministry of Personnel (淳熙重修吏部左選敕令格式申明), in 300 juan, and the Chunxi General Classified Statutes of the Ministry of Personnel (淳熙吏部條法總類), in 40 juan.[17] Six of his poems are extant.[18]

Associates

He associated with Zhu Xi (朱熹), Lu You (陸游), Yang Wanli (楊萬里), Hu Quan (胡銓) and Lou Yue (樓鑰).[19] Zhu Xi wrote to him and composed a colophon for one of his writings; Lu You presented him with poems and prose and, together with Lou Yue, wrote sacrificial addresses for him; Hu Quan and Yang Wanli also wrote to him.[20]

He composed the conduct record (行狀) for Huang Gongdu (黃公度), and Wang Shipeng (王十朋) wrote a school record (學記) for him; Lou Yue likewise drafted a letter on his behalf.[21] While in command at Guangzhou he invited Pan Yu (潘預) to Panyu to instruct the students, and as prefect of Longxing Prefecture he held the Jinxian magistrate Jiang Jie (江介) in high regard.[22] Hu Yi (胡沂) once recommended him.[23] He was on bad terms with the inner-court attendants Liang Ke (梁珂), Zeng Di (曾覿) and Long Dayuan (龍大淵), and sought to leave office.[24]

Family

His father was Gong Qixian (龔齊賢); his younger brothers were Gong Mengliang (龔夢良, 1132–1172) and Gong Suiliang (龔遂良), and his younger cousins were Gong Shiliang (龔史良) and Gong Youliang (龔友良).[25] His sons were Gong Sheng (龔昇) and Gong Zheng (龔晸, 1159–1229), his nephews were Gong Rizhang (龔日章) and Gong Riyan (龔日嚴), and his son-in-law was Fang Zhen (方縝, 1151–1223).[26] His grandson was Gong Kan (龔堪, 1170–1211), and his granddaughter married Xue Jiliang (薛季良, 1198–1257).[27]

TimelineCBDB

  1. 1139 知某州軍州事
  2. 1164 左奉議郎
  3. 1164 直秘閣
  4. 1164 知某府軍府事
  5. 1167 知某州軍州事
  6. 1169 縣主簿
  7. 1170 直顯謨閣
  8. 1170 知某州軍州事
  9. 1172 右文殿修撰
  10. 1184 知某府軍府事

Office recordsCBDB

OfficeFromToEraPosting
知某州軍州事11391140Era unknown潮州
左奉議郎1164Era unknown
直秘閣1164Era unknown
知某府軍府事11641165Era unknown建寧府
知某州軍州事11671169Era unknown廣州
縣主簿11691170Era unknown南安
直顯謨閣1170Era unknown
知某州軍州事11701174Era unknown洪州
右文殿修撰1172Era unknown
知某府軍府事11841185Era unknown建寧府
Year unknown14
OfficeEraPosting
參知政事Era unknownUnknown
司法參軍Era unknown邵武軍
同提舉詳定一司敕令Era unknownUnknown
吏部郎官Era unknownUnknown
太常寺少卿Era unknownUnknown
提舉修敕令Era unknownUnknown
提舉編修玉牒Era unknownUnknown
監修國史Era unknownUnknown
知某州軍州事Era unknownUnknown
知某府軍府事Era unknown鎮江府
禮儀使Era unknownUnknown
資政殿大學士Era unknownUnknown
資政殿學士Era unknownUnknown
起居郎Era unknownUnknown

FamilyCBDB

RelationNameLife
父龔齊賢–
弟龔夢良1132–1172
弟龔遂良–
從弟龔史良–
從弟龔友良–
從子;姪子龔日章–
從子;姪子龔日嚴–
子龔昇–
子龔晸1159–1229
女婿方縝1151–1223
孫龔堪1170–1211
孫女婿薛季良1198–1257

AliasesCBDB

  • 實之 字
  • 莊敏 諡號

StatusCBDB

  • [宰執]

AssociationsCBDB

PersonRelationYears
謝廓然被謝廓然彈劾1168–
胡沂被胡沂推薦–
江介欣賞/器重–
朱熹書跋由朱熹所作–
朱熹書跋由朱熹所作–
龍大淵不合–
潘預幕僚為潘預–
曾覿拒絕在曾覿主政的政府中任職–
梁珂拒絕在梁珂主政的政府中任職–
樓鑰祭文由樓鑰所作1168–
陸游祭文由陸游所作1168–
黃公度為黃公度作行狀–
朱熹被致書由朱熹–
胡銓被致書由胡銓–
楊萬里被致書由楊萬里–
朱熹收到朱熹的答書–
陸游收到陸游的贈詩、文1166–
王十朋學記(書院記)由王十朋所作–
樓鑰由樓鑰代作文–

ExaminationsCBDB

RecordRank
科舉: 進士(籠統)

WorksCBDB

TitleRoleYearEra
靜泰堂集
淳熙重修吏部左選敕令格式申明:三百卷撰著者
淳熙吏部條法總類:四十卷撰著者

Citations

  1. [1] Name, dates and identity Records his name, period, and dates; the birth year is given as 1121 in some sources and as unknown in others, while the death year is consistently 1178.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB gives his name as Gong Maoliang, places him under the Song dynasty, and records 1178 as his year of death, omitting a birth year.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian gives his dates as 1121–1178, while the Quan Song shi and Quan Song wen give his birth year as unknown and his death as 1178, describing him as a Southern Song figure.
    • WikidataGong Maoliang (Q11181975)Wikidata gives his Chinese name as 龔茂良, his dates as 1121 and 1178, and his occupation as that of a politician.
  2. [2] Courtesy and posthumous names Records his courtesy name Shizhi and his posthumous name Zhuangmin.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his courtesy name as Shizhi and his posthumous name as Zhuangmin.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi and Quan Song wen both give his courtesy name as Shizhi, and the posthumous name Zhuangmin is likewise recorded for him.
    • WikidataGong Maoliang (Q11181975)Wikidata records his courtesy name as Shizhi and his posthumous name as Zhuangmin.
  3. [3] Native place, examination and high office Records his native place, his jinshi degree of 1138, and his rise to assistant councillor of state.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his place of origin as Putian, his examination status as jinshi, and the office of assistant councillor of state, listing him among the chief councillors.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The biographical sources give his native place as Putian in Xinghua Prefecture (modern Putian, Fujian) and record that he passed the jinshi examination in 1138 and rose to the office of assistant councillor of state.
  4. [4] Fall from office and death Records his demotion and banishment to Yingzhou in 1177 and his death in 1178.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that he was impeached in 1177 and banished to Yingzhou, and that he died in 1178.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi and Quan Song wen record his banishment to Yingzhou in 1177 and his death in exile in 1178.
    • WikidataGong Maoliang (Q11181975)Wikidata records 1178 as his year of death.
  5. [5] Collected works Records his authorship of the Jingtai tang ji.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB lists his collected works under the title Jingtai tang ji.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian and the Quan Song wen both state that he was the author of the Jingtai tang ji.
  6. [6] Early career Records his early prefectural and county posts and his first court appointments.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his service as district registrar at Nan'an, judicial administrator at Shaowu, and official of the Ministry of Personnel.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song wen records his posts as registrar of Nan'an, judicial officer of Shaowu, and assistant judge at Quanzhou, his promotion to the rank of Xuanjiao lang, and his appointments as proofreader in the Palace Library and official of the Ministry of Personnel; the Quan Song shi notes that he was summoned to a court post.
  7. [7] Censorial posts and attack on favourites Records his appointment as investigating censor and right reminder, his memorial against Long Dayuan and Zeng Di, and his prefectship of Jianning.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his honorary title of junior academician of the Palace Library and his prefectship of Jianning Prefecture.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi records that he submitted a memorial impeaching Long Dayuan and Zeng Di and was sent out as prefect of Jianning; the Quan Song wen records his appointment as investigating censor, his promotion to right reminder, and his denunciation of the two men as treacherous.
  8. [8] Judicial commissioner and prefectures Records his appointment as judicial commissioner of Guangdong and his taking charge of Guangzhou, with a variant account of Xinzhou.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that he held the prefectship of Guangzhou.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi records that he became judicial commissioner of Guangdong in 1167 and took charge of Guangzhou, while the Quan Song wen has him take charge of Xinzhou instead; the two accounts are given side by side.
  9. [9] Jiangxi appointments Records his honorary title of junior academician of the Xianmo Hall, his post as transport supervisor of Jiangxi, and his concurrent prefectship of Longxing.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his honorary title of junior academician of the Xianmo Hall and his prefectship of Hongzhou, which is Longxing Prefecture.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song wen records his appointment as transport supervisor of Jiangxi with the honorary title of junior academician of the Xianmo Hall and his concurrent prefectship of Longxing.
  10. [10] Famine relief in Jiangxi Records his relief measures during the drought in Jiangxi and his reappointment with the honorary title of compiler of the Youwen Hall.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his honorary title of compiler of the Youwen Hall.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian records the drought in Jiangxi, his famine-relief measures, the remission of taxes and distribution of grain, and that many lives were saved; the Quan Song wen records the same drought and his reappointment with the honorary title of compiler of the Youwen Hall, giving the number saved as several hundred thousand.
  11. [11] Vice minister of rites Records his promotion to auxiliary academician of the Fuwen Hall and his appointment as vice minister of rites.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song wen records his promotion to auxiliary academician of the Fuwen Hall and his appointment as vice minister of rites; the Quan Song shi likewise records his appointment as vice minister of rites after his relief work.
  12. [12] Assistant councillor and Huainan relief Records his appointment as assistant councillor of state in 1174 and his petition for reserve grain for Huainan.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB lists the office of assistant councillor of state and his status as a chief councillor.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian records his appointment as assistant councillor of state in 1174 and his petition for grain from the imperial reserves for the famine victims of Huainan, and the Quan Song shi gives the same year.
  13. [13] Senior assistant councillor Records that after Ye Heng's dismissal in 1175 he administered the government as senior assistant councillor.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)Both the Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian and the Quan Song wen record that after Ye Heng's dismissal as chancellor in 1175, Gong administered the government as senior assistant councillor.
  14. [14] Downfall and death in exile Records that he was brought down by the censor Xie Kuoran in 1177, stripped of office and banished to Yingzhou, with a variant explanation of his fall, and that he died in exile in 1178.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that he was impeached by the censor Xie Kuoran and demoted and banished to Yingzhou in 1177.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi and Quan Song wen record that he was brought down by Xie Kuoran in 1177, stripped of office and banished to Yingzhou, dying in exile the next year; the Zhongguo lidai renming da cidian ascribes his fall to his advocacy of a peace policy.
  15. [15] Posthumous restoration Records his posthumous restoration to the honorary title of academician of the Zizheng Hall.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his honorary title of academician of the Zizheng Hall.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song wen records that he was posthumously restored to the title of academician of the Zizheng Hall.
  16. [16] Biography Records that his biography is in juan 385 of the Song History.
    • Souyun龔茂良 (36016)The Quan Song shi and Quan Song wen both note that his biography is in juan 385 of the Song History.
  17. [17] Codification of statutes Records his posts in the codification of edicts and statutes and the two compilations of personnel legislation attributed to him.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his posts as supervisor of the codification of edicts and joint supervisor for the codification of statutes, and lists him as the compiler of the Chunxi Revised Edicts, Ordinances and Regulations for the Left Selection of the Ministry of Personnel in 300 juan and the Chunxi General Classified Statutes of the Ministry of Personnel in 40 juan.
  18. [18] Surviving poems Records that six of his poems are extant.
  19. [19] Associates Records his associations with Zhu Xi, Lu You, Yang Wanli, Hu Quan and Lou Yue.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records associations between Gong and Zhu Xi, Lu You, Lou Yue, Hu Quan, and Yang Wanli.
  20. [20] Letters, poems and sacrificial addresses Records the correspondence, gift of poems and prose, and sacrificial addresses exchanged with his literary associates.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that Zhu Xi wrote to him and composed a colophon for his writing, that he also received Zhu Xi's replies, that Lu You presented him with poems and prose and that both Lu You and Lou Yue composed sacrificial addresses for him, and that Hu Quan and Yang Wanli wrote to him.
  21. [21] Conduct record, school record and letter Records the conduct record he wrote for Huang Gongdu, the school record Wang Shipeng wrote for him, and the letter Lou Yue drafted on his behalf.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that he composed the conduct record for Huang Gongdu, that Wang Shipeng wrote a school record for him, and that Lou Yue wrote a letter on his behalf.
  22. [22] Staff and protégés Records that he engaged Pan Yu to teach the students at Panyu and held the Jinxian magistrate Jiang Jie in high regard.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that while in command at Guangzhou he invited Pan Yu to Panyu to instruct the students, and that as prefect of Longxing he held the Jinxian magistrate Jiang Jie in high regard.
  23. [23] Recommendation Records that Hu Yi recommended him.
  24. [24] Conflict with inner-court attendants Records his bad terms with the inner-court attendants Liang Ke, Zeng Di and Long Dayuan, and his wish to leave office.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records that he was on bad terms with Long Dayuan and declined to hold office while Zeng Di and Liang Ke were in power, and that he sought to leave office when the inner attendants Liang Ke, Zeng Di and Long Dayuan dominated the court.
  25. [25] Father, brothers and cousins Records his father Gong Qixian, his younger brothers Gong Mengliang and Gong Suiliang, and his younger cousins Gong Shiliang and Gong Youliang.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his father Gong Qixian, his younger brothers Gong Mengliang (1132–1172) and Gong Suiliang, and his younger cousins Gong Shiliang and Gong Youliang.
  26. [26] Sons, nephews and son-in-law Records his sons Gong Sheng and Gong Zheng, his nephews Gong Rizhang and Gong Riyan, and his son-in-law Fang Zhen.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his sons Gong Sheng and Gong Zheng, his nephews Gong Rizhang and Gong Riyan, and his son-in-law Fang Zhen; Gong Zheng lived from 1159 to 1229 and Fang Zhen from 1151 to 1223.
  27. [27] Grandchildren Records his grandson Gong Kan and his granddaughter's husband Xue Jiliang.
    • CBDBGong Maoliang (11357)CBDB records his grandson Gong Kan and his granddaughter's husband Xue Jiliang; Gong Kan lived from 1170 to 1211 and Xue Jiliang from 1198 to 1257.