Yuan Hongdao

TimelineCBDB

1. 1595 知縣 萬曆
2. 1597 府學教授 萬曆
3. 1598 府學教授 萬曆
4. 1599 國子監助教 萬曆
5. 1600 禮部儀制司主事 萬曆
6. 1606 禮部儀制司主事 萬曆

Office recordsCBDB

FamilyCBDB

AliasesCBDB

• 中郎 字
• 六休 字
• 石公 室名、別號

StatusCBDB

• [為官者：文]
• 結社
• 工於文

AssociationsCBDB

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ExaminationsCBDB

WorksCBDB

Citations

1. [1] Dates and identity The name, Ming-dynasty identity, and dates 1568–1610 are supported in several records; a Chinese description in the same data gives the death year as 1619, so the English text preserves the discrepancy.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The main person record supplies the name, birth year, death year, and Ming dynasty affiliation.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The profile and biographical text identify him as a Ming figure and date his life to 1568–1610.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The authority record gives his name, dynasty, and date ranges covering 1568 and 1610.
   • WikidataYuan Hongdao (Q2983713)The English label and poet description, together with the P569 and P570 statements, support the identity and the 1568/1610 dates; the Chinese description instead gives 1619 as the death year.
2. [2] Names His zi was Zhonglang and his hao Shigong; Liuxiu, 袁中郎, and 袁石公 are also attested forms.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The alternative-name entries identify Zhonglang and Liuxiu as zi names and Shigong as a studio name or sobriquet.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The profile lists 中郎 and 石公 among his alternative names.
   • WikidataYuan Hongdao (Q2983713)The name data lists the English forms Liuxiu, Shigong, and Zhonglang as well as their Traditional Chinese forms.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The authority record additionally gives 袁中郎 and 袁石公.
3. [3] Home region Yuan Hongdao came from 公安 in Jingzhou Prefecture, now in Hubei.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The address entries classify 公安 as his native place and household registration place.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The profile and biographies describe him as a man of Jingzhou's 公安 and identify it as present-day Hubei.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The birth-place field gives 公安 as his place of birth.
4. [4] Early life and family line He was intelligent and skilled in poetry and prose from youth, became a shengyuan at sixteen, formed a society south of the city, and led it himself; his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather were 袁仕瑜, 袁大化, and 袁瑛.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The biographical note describes his early intelligence, skill in poetry and prose, status as a shengyuan at sixteen, and leadership of a society south of the city.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The examination and school entries support his shengyuan status, while the kinship entries name his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather.
5. [5] Examination and early offices He passed the 1592 jinshi examination in the Wanli twentieth year and ranked 92nd in the third class; he served as magistrate of Wu County, a prefectural-school professor, and an Imperial Academy assistant instructor, with other descriptions giving Wujiang and 國子監博士.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The examination entry gives the jinshi qualification and third-class, 92nd-place rank; the office entries list Wu County magistrate, prefectural-school professor, and Imperial Academy assistant instructor.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies date his jinshi qualification to 1592, name Wu County, and mention professor and 國子監博士 appointments.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The biographical note gives the alternative Wujiang designation and also mentions his Ministry of Rites appointment.
6. [6] Later official career He held the Ritual Office post in 1600 and 1606, later served in several bureaus of the Ministry of Personnel, and reached langzhong; another biographical account says that he resigned through illness soon after the Ministry of Rites appointment.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The office entries give the 1600 and 1606 Ritual Office appointments and list the Ministry of Personnel bureaus and the final langzhong post.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies consistently say that he reached 吏部郎中 and also give the title 稽勳郎中.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The biographical note says that he resigned through illness soon after serving as a Ministry of Rites official.
7. [7] Brothers and the Three Yuans 袁宗道 was his elder brother and 袁中道 his younger brother; both were talented, and the three brothers were known as the Three Yuans. Their birth and death years are also supplied in the kinship data.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The kinship entries identify 袁宗道 as the elder brother and 袁中道 as the younger brother and give both sets of dates.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies describe the brothers as the Three Yuans and associate them with literary talent.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The note says that 袁宗道, 袁中道, and Yuan Hongdao were all talented and were called the Three Yuans.
8. [8] Wives and children The kinship data names 卓氏 and 李安人 as wives and 王氏 as a concubine; it also supplies 李安人’s 1607 death year and names the children, including the dates of 袁岳年 and the eldest son 袁開美.
   • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The kinship entries name the two wives, identify 王氏 as a concubine, and list the children with the relevant birth and death years.
9. [9] Literary position Yuan Hongdao and his brothers were the Three Yuans; he opposed the revivalist style of 王世貞 and 李攀龍, advocated individual expression without fixed forms, and was associated with the Gongan style and regarded as a founder of the Gongan school.
   • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies describe the Three Yuans, the criticism of 王世貞 and 李攀龍, the expression of individual spirit, the Gongan style, and his status as a founder of the Gongan school.
   • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The literary note emphasizes individual expression, freedom from fixed conventions, and the name Gongan school.
10. [10] Works one The first group of works comprises 《瓶史》, 《瓶花齋雜錄》, 《袁中郎全集》, 《瀟碧堂集》, 《瓶花齋集》, 《錦帆集》, 《解脫集》, and 《廣莊》.
    • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The works entries mark these eight titles as works for which he is the author.
    • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies also list 《瓶花齋雜錄》 and the collections 《錦帆》, 《解脫》, 《瀟碧堂》, and 《廣莊》, alongside 《袁中郎集》.
11. [11] Works two The second group comprises 《促織志》, 《觴政》, 《德山暑譚》, 《醉叟傳》, 《拙效傳》, 《破硯齋集》, 《敝篋集》, and 《宗鏡攝錄》.
    • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The works entries mark all eight listed titles as works for which he is the author.
12. [12] Variant titles The sources use both 《破研齋集》 and 《破硯齋集》, and also name 《袁中郎集》, 《華嵩遊草》, 《廣陵》, and 《桃源》.
    • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biographies use 《破研齋集》 and list 《袁中郎集》, 《華嵩遊草》, 《廣陵》, and 《桃源》 among his works.
    • CBDBYuan Hongdao (35222)The works entries give the variant title 《破硯齋集》 and identify him as its author.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The authority note lists 《袁中郎集》.
13. [13] Pure Land writing In 1599 he wrote 《西方合論》 to explain Pure Land doctrine.
    • DILA Buddhist Authority Database袁宏道 (A004656)The note dates 《西方合論》 to 1599 and says that it explains Pure Land doctrine.
14. [14] Yellow Crane Tower He visited the Yellow Crane Tower many times, grouped it with three other towers as the Four Famous Towers of Chu, and wrote two seven-character quatrains on its architecture.
    • Souyun袁宏道 (51392)The biography describes his repeated visits to the Yellow Crane Tower, the Four Famous Towers of Chu, and two seven-character poems introducing the tower's architectural art.